PhET/C2/Build-an-Atom/English-timed
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on Build an Atom simulation. |
| 00:06 | In this tutorial, we will
demonstrate Build an Atom, Interactive PhET simulation. |
| 00:13 | To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science. |
| 00:20 | Here I am using-
Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 Java version 1.7.0 Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2. |
| 00:36 | Using this simulation, students will be able to:
1. Build an atom using protons, neutrons and electrons. |
| 00:46 | 2. Identify an element and its position on the periodic table. |
| 00:52 | 3.Determine whether an atom is neutral or an ion.
4. Predict the charge. |
| 01:00 | 5. Determine the mass of an atom or ion.
6. Determine the stability of atom or ion created. |
| 01:10 | 7. Represent the atomic symbols.
8. Create isotopes of an element. |
| 01:17 | Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter. |
| 01:21 | Each atom consists of a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus. |
| 01:27 | Nucleus is surrounded by much lighter, negatively-charged electrons. |
| 01:33 | Nucleus may also contain neutrons.
Neutron has same mass as proton but it has no charge. |
| 01:42 | Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines the chemical element. |
| 01:48 | Chemical properties of an element arise due to number & arrangement of electrons. |
| 01:55 | Let us get started. |
| 01:57 | Use the given link to download the simulation. |
| 02:01 | I have already downloaded Build an Atom simulation to my Downloads folder. |
| 02:07 | To open the simulation, right click on build-an-atom_en.html file. |
| 02:13 | Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option. File opens in the browser. |
| 02:21 | This is the interface of Build-an-Atom simulation. |
| 02:26 | The interface has 3 screens-
Atom, Symbol and Game. |
| 02:33 | Let us begin our simulation with Atom screen. |
| 02:37 | Click on Atom screen. |
| 02:40 | Using this screen, students can- build atoms, determine the identity, net-charge and mass of an atom. |
| 02:51 | Atom screen shows a Bohr's model of an atom. |
| 02:56 | It shows position of nucleus and 2 orbits. |
| 03:01 | At the bottom of the screen, there are 3 containers with Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. |
| 03:09 | On the right-side, there are 3 panels- Element, Net charge and Mass Number. |
| 03:18 | To open the panel, click on the green plus sign located on top-right corner on each panel. |
| 03:26 | This allows you to view the changes as you change the number of particles. |
| 03:33 | At the bottom of the screen, you will see Show box.
In the box, click on Stable/Unstable check box. |
| 03:42 | The top left corner of the screen shows a box. |
| 03:47 | It shows the number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons, we have used to create the atom. |
| 03:56 | Let us start by building Hydrogen atom.
From the Proton container, click on the Proton. |
| 04:04 | Drag and drop on the X mark, which represents the nucleus of an atom. |
| 04:10 | Simultaneously observe the changes in each of the panels. |
| 04:16 | Hydrogen atom is the simplest of all elements.
It has one electron in the first orbit and one proton in the nucleus. |
| 04:27 | Drag an Electron and place in the first orbit.
By default, the orbits are shown as circular dashed lines. |
| 04:36 | Under Model heading, click on Cloud radio button.
This will show the orbit as electron cloud. |
| 04:44 | Click on Orbits radio button to show the default orbits. |
| 04:49 | Observe all the panels on the screen. |
| 04:53 | Element box shows Hydrogen as Element. |
| 04:57 | Net charge is zero and is labeled as neutral atom. Mass number is one. |
| 05:06 | It also shows that the atom is Stable. |
| 05:10 | Now add one more Proton to the nucleus. The atom is shown as Unstable Helium Ion. |
| 05:18 | Add one more Electron in the 1st orbit. Now it is a Neutral atom but the atom is still labelled as Unstable. |
| 05:28 | Add a Neutron to the nucleus. The atom is now Stable. |
| 05:34 | The Mass Number shows 3, but we know that atomic mass of helium is 4. So, add another Neutron to the nucleus. |
| 05:44 | This completes the atomic structure of Helium atom. |
| 05:49 | Helium atom has 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons and 2 Electrons. |
| 05:55 | We can add Neutrons to the nucleus, to create isotopes of the same element. |
| 06:01 | Atoms of the same element that differ in neutrons are called isotopes. |
| 06:07 | Isotopes of same element have same chemical properties. |
| 06:12 | Remove one Proton, one Electron and 2 Neutrons from the Helium atom.
Now we have hydrogen atom, also called Protium. |
| 06:25 | Let us create isotopes of Hydrogen. |
| 06:29 | Hydrogen has three isotopes. Protium, Deuterium and Tritium. |
| 06:36 | Nucleus of Protium contains only one Proton. |
| 06:39 | Deuterium has one Proton and one Neutron. Tritium has one Proton and 2 Neutrons. |
| 06:48 | Add one Neutron to the nucleus. Deuterium atom is created. |
| 06:55 | It is Stable. Add another Neutron to the nucleus to create tritium. Tritium is unstable, as shown here. |
| 07:06 | As an assignment:
create a neutral carbon atom. Show isotopes of carbon. |
| 07:14 | Click on reset button at the bottom-right corner.
This will reset the screen to default settings. |
| 07:24 | Next, click on Symbol screen at the bottom of the interface.
Using this screen, students can interpret atomic symbols. |
| 07:34 | Notice that a Symbol panel is added on the screen. |
| 07:39 | Atom of every element is represented by a symbol.
It gives information about atomic number, mass number and charge. |
| 07:52 | The subscript number is called the atomic number.
The superscript number is called the mass number. Charge on the atom is shown on the top-right corner. |
| 08:06 | The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number. |
| 08:11 | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number. |
| 08:18 | Add Protons, Neutrons and Electrons to the atom. |
| 08:24 | Observe the Symbol panel. |
| 08:26 | Note the change in name of Element, atomic number, Mass Number and charge. |
| 08:34 | Now we will move on to the Game screen. |
| 08:36 | Click on Game screen at the bottom of the interface.
Four different games are available. |
| 08:45 | These games will test the knowledge gained using this simulation. |
| 08:50 | A timer and a sound button are provided at the bottom-left corner of the screen.
Click on the timer button to enable the timer before the game starts. |
| 09:02 | We can also control the sound by clicking on the sound symbol. |
| 09:08 | Click on each game screen and explore. |
| 09:17 | In this tutorial, we have learnt:
how to use Build an Atom, interactive PhET simulation. |
| 09:24 | Using this simulation, we have learnt to -
1. Build models of Hydrogen and Helium atoms. 2. Add or remove electrons to create ions. 3. Add or remove neutrons to create isotopes. |
| 09:38 | As an assignment:
create a neutral oxygen atom. |
| 09:43 | Add two electrons to the neutral atom.
Observe the change in parameters on various panels. Try to remove electrons from the inner shells, observe the results. |
| 09:56 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it. |
| 10:04 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.
For more details, please write to us. |
| 10:18 | Please post your timed queries on this forum. |
| 10:22 | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. |
| 10:30 | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link. |
| 10:41 | This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao, from IIT Bombay. Thank you for joining. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Snehalathak
