Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English-timed
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Electronic components and connections. |
| 00:07 | In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the: Breadboard and its internal connections, |
| 00:14 | LED on the breadboard, PushButton and
Seven Segment Display on the breadboard. |
| 00:23 | To follow this series, you should have basic knowledge of:
Electronic components such as resistors, push-button, LED etc. |
| 00:34 | open circuit,
closed circuit, |
| 00:38 | serial and parallel connections, |
| 00:41 | batteries, positive and negative voltage. |
| 00:47 | This tutorial is recorded using the following components: Breadboard, |
| 00:54 | LED or Tri Colour LED, Push Button, |
| 01:00 | Resistor and Seven Segment Display. |
| 01:06 | This is what the breadboard looks like. |
| 01:11 | A breadboard is a device for holding the components of a circuit and connecting them together. |
| 01:18 | We can build an electronic circuit on a breadboard without doing any soldering. |
| 01:25 | The top two rails and bottom two rails are called power rails. |
| 01:31 | The top row of holes are all connected together and are marked here with red dots and blue dots. |
| 01:41 | Note that the connection breaks in the middle of the breadboard. |
| 01:46 | In the middle, the columns of wires are connected together. |
| 01:51 | For example, all the green holes marked are connected together.
But, they are not connected to the yellow holes. |
| 02:02 | Next we will learn about LED.
LED stands for light emitting diode. |
| 02:11 | It emits a colored light when there is a current flowing through it. |
| 02:16 | An LED has two leads, namely anode and cathode. |
| 02:22 | The longer lead is the anode. It should be connected to the positive voltage. |
| 02:29 | The shorter lead is the cathode. It should be connected to the ground. |
| 02:35 | Tri-color LED is an advanced version of LED which emits three different colours. |
| 02:43 | It has 4 pins. The longest lead is called the common lead. |
| 02:50 | The remaining three pins are for the red, green and blue colour LEDs. |
| 02:57 | There are two types of tri-color LEDs: common anode and common cathode. |
| 03:07 | In common anode version, the common lead should be connected to the positive voltage. |
| 03:14 | In common cathode version, the common lead should be connected to the ground. |
| 03:21 | Next, we will learn about Resistor. |
| 03:25 | A resistor is used to limit the current flowing in the circuit. |
| 03:30 | Now, let’s build a simple circuit using an LED, a resistor and a breadboard. |
| 03:37 | The image shows the proper connections. |
| 03:41 | Positive of the 9 volt battery is connected to the second rail. |
| 03:46 | Negative of the 9 volt battery is connected to the 1st rail. |
| 03:51 | Anode (i.e Right lead) of the LED, is connected to the 2nd rail of the breadboard through a resistor. |
| 04:00 | Cathode (i.e Left lead) of the LED, is connected to the 1st rail of the breadboard. |
| 04:08 | This is the live setup of the LED connections. |
| 04:13 | You can see that the LED is glowing, because the connections we used are proper. |
| 04:21 | Now, we’ll see the common mistakes people make when using breadboard to make connections. |
| 04:29 | In this connection, the LED doesn’t glow because the connections are not proper. |
| 04:36 | The resistor and LED are placed beside each other. |
| 04:41 | The holes in the breadboard except the power rails are connected column-wise. |
| 04:47 | So, there’s no connection between the anode of the LED and the resistor lead.
This makes the LED isolated. |
| 04:57 | In the next connection, the cathode of the LED is connected to the 2nd rail. |
| 05:04 | The anode of the LED is connected to the 1st rail through the resistor. |
| 05:10 | The connections in this circuit are the reverse of what it should be.
That’s why the LED doesn’t glow. |
| 05:18 | Next, we will learn about the push button. |
| 05:23 | A push button is a simple switch mechanism that connects two points in a circuit when pressed. |
| 05:31 | Push button usually comes with four legs. |
| 05:35 | Irrespective of the position of the switch, legs A and C are always connected. |
| 05:43 | Similarly, legs B and D are always connected. |
| 05:48 | When the switch is pressed all the four legs are connected to each other. |
| 05:53 | Now, let us add a push button to the previous circuit and use it to change the state of the LED. |
| 06:02 | The image shows the proper connections.
The LED anode is connected to the 2nd power rail i.e. positive voltage through a resistor and a push button. |
| 06:15 | Let us see the live setup connection. |
| 06:19 | When the push button is pressed, the LED glows as expected. |
| 06:25 | As there are 4 legs in the push button, the circuit can be built in another way as well. |
| 06:32 | Instead of using the leg B of the push button, we are using the leg D. |
| 06:38 | Since they are internally connected to each other, the LED glows when the push button is pressed. |
| 06:45 | Next, we’ll see the common mistakes people make while using push buttons. |
| 06:52 | Look at this image.
The anode of the LED is connected to the 2nd power rail, through legs A and C of the push button. |
| 07:03 | Recall that the legs A and C of the push button are internally connected. |
| 07:10 | Hence, the anode of the LED is always connected to 2nd power rail, irrespective of the push button. |
| 07:19 | The LED always glows in this circuit, even when the push button is OFF. |
| 07:26 | Let’s now move on to the seven-segment display. |
| 07:31 | The seven-segment display has sevenLEDs arranged in the shape of number eight. |
| 07:38 | There are two types of seven-segment displays: common anode and common cathode seven segment display. |
| 07:49 | In a common cathode seven-segment display, pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g and dot must be connected to +5Volts. |
| 08:02 | The two COM pins must be connected to ground (GND). |
| 08:07 | The common anode display is the exact opposite. |
| 08:11 | Here, pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g and dot must be connected to ground.
And, the two COM pins must be connected to +5Volts. |
| 08:26 | Now, let us see how to connect a seven-segment display on the breadboard and glow all the LEDs. |
| 08:35 | The seven-segment display used here, in the image, is a common anode. |
| 08:41 | So, the common anodeis connected to the 2nd power rail through a resistor. |
| 08:48 | LED pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g, dot are connected to the 1st power rail. |
| 08:56 | If the connection is proper, we will see that all the LEDs are glowing. |
| 09:02 | Let us see the live setup connection. |
| 09:05 | We can see all the segments in the seven segment display is glowing. |
| 09:11 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize. |
| 09:17 | In this tutorial, we learnt about Breadboard and its internal connections, |
| 09:24 | LED on the breadboard, PushButton and Seven Segment Display on the breadboard. |
| 09:33 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
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| 09:57 | Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
Explain your question briefly. |
| 10:04 | Someone from our team will answer them. |
| 10:07 | The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.
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| 10:17 | This will help reduce the clutter. With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material. |
| 10:26 | Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
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| 10:37 | This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.
Thanks for watching. |
