Arduino/C2/Electronic-components-and-connections/English-timed

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Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Electronic components and connections.
00:07 In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the: Breadboard and its internal connections,
00:14 LED on the breadboard, PushButton and

Seven Segment Display on the breadboard.

00:23 To follow this series, you should have basic knowledge of:

Electronic components such as resistors, push-button, LED etc.

00:34 open circuit,

closed circuit,

00:38 serial and parallel connections,
00:41 batteries, positive and negative voltage.
00:47 This tutorial is recorded using the following components: Breadboard,
00:54 LED or Tri Colour LED, Push Button,
01:00 Resistor and Seven Segment Display.
01:06 This is what the breadboard looks like.
01:11 A breadboard is a device for holding the components of a circuit and connecting them together.
01:18 We can build an electronic circuit on a breadboard without doing any soldering.
01:25 The top two rails and bottom two rails are called power rails.
01:31 The top row of holes are all connected together and are marked here with red dots and blue dots.
01:41 Note that the connection breaks in the middle of the breadboard.
01:46 In the middle, the columns of wires are connected together.
01:51 For example, all the green holes marked are connected together.

But, they are not connected to the yellow holes.

02:02 Next we will learn about LED.

LED stands for light emitting diode.

02:11 It emits a colored light when there is a current flowing through it.
02:16 An LED has two leads, namely anode and cathode.
02:22 The longer lead is the anode. It should be connected to the positive voltage.
02:29 The shorter lead is the cathode. It should be connected to the ground.
02:35 Tri-color LED is an advanced version of LED which emits three different colours.
02:43 It has 4 pins. The longest lead is called the common lead.
02:50 The remaining three pins are for the red, green and blue colour LEDs.
02:57 There are two types of tri-color LEDs: common anode and common cathode.
03:07 In common anode version, the common lead should be connected to the positive voltage.
03:14 In common cathode version, the common lead should be connected to the ground.
03:21 Next, we will learn about Resistor.
03:25 A resistor is used to limit the current flowing in the circuit.
03:30 Now, let’s build a simple circuit using an LED, a resistor and a breadboard.
03:37 The image shows the proper connections.
03:41 Positive of the 9 volt battery is connected to the second rail.
03:46 Negative of the 9 volt battery is connected to the 1st rail.
03:51 Anode (i.e Right lead) of the LED, is connected to the 2nd rail of the breadboard through a resistor.
04:00 Cathode (i.e Left lead) of the LED, is connected to the 1st rail of the breadboard.
04:08 This is the live setup of the LED connections.
04:13 You can see that the LED is glowing, because the connections we used are proper.
04:21 Now, we’ll see the common mistakes people make when using breadboard to make connections.
04:29 In this connection, the LED doesn’t glow because the connections are not proper.
04:36 The resistor and LED are placed beside each other.
04:41 The holes in the breadboard except the power rails are connected column-wise.
04:47 So, there’s no connection between the anode of the LED and the resistor lead.

This makes the LED isolated.

04:57 In the next connection, the cathode of the LED is connected to the 2nd rail.
05:04 The anode of the LED is connected to the 1st rail through the resistor.
05:10 The connections in this circuit are the reverse of what it should be.

That’s why the LED doesn’t glow.

05:18 Next, we will learn about the push button.
05:23 A push button is a simple switch mechanism that connects two points in a circuit when pressed.
05:31 Push button usually comes with four legs.
05:35 Irrespective of the position of the switch, legs A and C are always connected.
05:43 Similarly, legs B and D are always connected.
05:48 When the switch is pressed all the four legs are connected to each other.
05:53 Now, let us add a push button to the previous circuit and use it to change the state of the LED.
06:02 The image shows the proper connections.

The LED anode is connected to the 2nd power rail i.e. positive voltage through a resistor and a push button.

06:15 Let us see the live setup connection.
06:19 When the push button is pressed, the LED glows as expected.
06:25 As there are 4 legs in the push button, the circuit can be built in another way as well.
06:32 Instead of using the leg B of the push button, we are using the leg D.
06:38 Since they are internally connected to each other, the LED glows when the push button is pressed.
06:45 Next, we’ll see the common mistakes people make while using push buttons.
06:52 Look at this image.

The anode of the LED is connected to the 2nd power rail, through legs A and C of the push button.

07:03 Recall that the legs A and C of the push button are internally connected.
07:10 Hence, the anode of the LED is always connected to 2nd power rail, irrespective of the push button.
07:19 The LED always glows in this circuit, even when the push button is OFF.
07:26 Let’s now move on to the seven-segment display.
07:31 The seven-segment display has sevenLEDs arranged in the shape of number eight.
07:38 There are two types of seven-segment displays: common anode and common cathode seven segment display.
07:49 In a common cathode seven-segment display, pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g and dot must be connected to +5Volts.
08:02 The two COM pins must be connected to ground (GND).
08:07 The common anode display is the exact opposite.
08:11 Here, pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g and dot must be connected to ground.

And, the two COM pins must be connected to +5Volts.

08:26 Now, let us see how to connect a seven-segment display on the breadboard and glow all the LEDs.
08:35 The seven-segment display used here, in the image, is a common anode.
08:41 So, the common anodeis connected to the 2nd power rail through a resistor.
08:48 LED pins a, b, c, d, e, f, g, dot are connected to the 1st power rail.
08:56 If the connection is proper, we will see that all the LEDs are glowing.
09:02 Let us see the live setup connection.
09:05 We can see all the segments in the seven segment display is glowing.
09:11 This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
09:17 In this tutorial, we learnt about Breadboard and its internal connections,
09:24 LED on the breadboard, PushButton and Seven Segment Display on the breadboard.
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10:37 This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

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Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14