Git/C2/Basic-commands-of-Git/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Basic commands of Git.
00:05	In this tutorial, we will learn about Git repository and some basic commands of Git.
00:13	For this tutorial, I am using: Ubuntu Linux 14.04 Git 2.3.2. and gedit Text Editor.
00:23	You can use any editor of your choice.
00:27	To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of running Linux commands on the Terminal.
00:34	If not, for relevant Linux tutorials, please visit our website.
00:40	Now, we will see what is Git repository.
00:44	Git repository is a folder where all the data of our project will be stored.
00:50	It can be located on the local machine or on a remote machine.
00:55	The difference between normal folder and a Git repository is:
01:00	Normal folder contains only files and directories
01:04	but the Git repository contains set of files and directories along with their complete history.
01:11	Now, let us learn to create a Git repository in our local machine.
01:17	Press Ctrl+Alt+T keys to open the terminal.
01:22	On my machine, I will create a directory for the Git repository in my Home directory.
01:28	You can create the directory wherever you want on your machine.
01:33	By default, we are in our Home directory.
01:37	Type: mkdir space mywebpage and press Enter.
01:44	So, now we have created a directory "mywebpage" in our Home directory.
01:49	To go into this directory, type: cd space mywebpage and press Enter.
02:00	To make "mywebpage" directory as the Git repository, type: git space init and press Enter.
02:08	You can see the message “Initialized empty Git repository”.
02:13	This indicates that Git is initialized successfully
02:17	and this is the path where Git repository is created in our system.
02:24	After initialization, a hidden folder dot git will be created inside the mywebpage folder.
02:32	To see the hidden folder, type: ls space hyphen a and press Enter.
02:39	It shows the dot git folder. Deleting this dot git folder will delete the whole repository.
02:47	So, you should be very careful with this dot git folder.
02:51	Now, we have to set our identity to Git.
02:55	To set the email address, type: git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot email space priya[dot]spoken@gmail.com and press Enter.
03:12	Here, I have used priya[dot]spoken[at]gmail[dot]com.
03:18	You can use your own valid email address.
03:21	To set the username, type: git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot name space Priya and press Enter.
03:36	I have used "Priya" as a username. Please use your name instead of "Priya".
03:43	The name and the email address that we set are the identities of the person who is working on Git.
03:51	Next, I will configure the gedit text editor to give the commit message.
03:57	Type: git space config space hyphen hyphen global space core dot editor space gedit and press Enter.
04:09	Now, gedit is configured to Git.
04:14	Here, 'global' flag is optional.
04:17	We will switch back to our slides to know more about global flag.
04:22	Multiple repositories can be created in a single machine.
04:26	If you use hyphen hyphen global flag, the setting will be applied to all the repositories in the machine.
04:34	So, whenever you create a new Git repository, this setting will be applied by default.
04:42	If you want the identity only for a particular repository then do not use hyphen hyphen global flag.
04:49	Switch back to the terminal.
04:51	Now, let us check the configuration details of the identity that we set earlier.
04:57	Type: git space config space hyphen hyphen list and press Enter.
05:04	Now, you can see the editor name, email address and username.
05:10	I will be using 'html' files for demonstration.
05:14	You can use any file type of your choice. For e.g. text files or doc files.
05:22	Switch back to the terminal. Let me clear the prompt.
05:26	Now, type: gedit space mypage.html space ampersand.
05:34	If you are using another file then give that filename instead of "mypage.html".
05:41	We use the '&' (ampersand) to free up the prompt. Now, press Enter.
05:47	I will copy and paste some code into this file, from my Writer document, which I had saved earlier.
05:54	Likewise, add some content into your file.
05:58	Now, I will save my file.
06:00	So, I have an html file with some code in it.
06:05	Note: wherever I use mypage.html, you will have to replace it with your filename.
06:13	Next, we will ask Git to follow the file "mypage.html".
06:18	Switch back to the terminal and type: git space add space mypage.html and press Enter.
06:27	Now, we will check the current status of Git. So, type: git space status and press Enter.
06:36	You can see “new file: mypage.html”. This means that Git has started following the changes made to this file "mypage.html".
06:48	This is called tracking.
06:51	Let us switch back to our file mypage.html
06:55	and add a few more lines of code to this file.
06:58	Like before, I will copy-paste from my Writer file.
07:06	Save and close the file.
07:10	Then switch back to the terminal. As before, to check the current status of Git, type: git space status and press Enter.
07:21	It shows: “Changes not staged for commit:” and “modified: mypage.html”.
07:28	This means that the changes we made, have not been added to the staging area.
07:34	Let us switch back to our slides to know more about Staging area.
07:39	Staging area is a file that stores information of the changes that need to be committed.
07:46	The file contents should be added to the staging area before committing them.
07:51	We will discuss more about commit in the upcoming tutorials.
07:56	Older Git versions used the term index instead of staging area.
08:01	Now, let us see how to add the new changes of the file to the staging area.
08:07	Switch back to the terminal. Let me clear the prompt.
08:11	Type: git space add space mypage dot html and press Enter.
08:19	To check the Git status, type: git space status and press Enter.
08:26	Now you can see the message: “Changes to be committed:”.
08:30	This means that the file has been added to the staging area and is ready to be committed.
08:37	Now, we will freeze our code at this point.
08:40	When we attain a particular stage in our work, we can save them in the repository. This is called commit.
08:49	Each commit is saved with the information of username, email-id, date, time and commit message.
08:57	Now, let us see how to commit. Switch back to the terminal and type: git space commit and press Enter.
09:07	gedit text editor opens up automatically to get the commit message.
09:13	In the first line, I will type: “Initial commit” as the commit message.
09:18	You can type any informative message that you want.
09:22	Here, you can see some lines begin with hash. You can leave them as it is or you can delete them.
09:30	Please write the commit message before or after the hash line.
09:35	In future, with this commit message, we can identify what we did till this stage.
09:41	Let me save and close the editor.
09:44	You will see some details, such as: The commit message How many files we have changed How many insertions we have done and Name of the file.
09:56	Now, let us see the commit details using git log command.
10:00	Type: git space log and press Enter.
10:06	We have only one commit in our repository.
10:09	It shows a unique ID which is called commit hash or SHA-1 hash.
10:16	Switch back to our slides to know more about SHA-1 hash.
10:20	SHA-1 hash is a unique id of 40 alpha-numeric characters.
10:25	Git stores all the information in its database by the hash value.
10:31	Git commits are identified by the SHA-1 hash.
10:35	You will understand the importance of the SHA-1 hash in future tutorials.
10:41	Let us come back to our terminal.
10:43	It shows the details of the commit such as author name, email address, date, time and the commit message which we gave earlier.
10:56	With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
11:00	Let us summarize. In this tutorial, we have learnt about: Git repository and Some basic commands of Git like git init, status, commit and log.
11:14	As an assignment- Create a directory in your machine and make it as a repository.
11:20	Create a text file and add some content into it.
11:25	Add the file to the staging area of the Git repository.
11:29	Commit the file to your repository and
11:32	See the commit details using git log command.
11:35	The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
11:43	The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates to those who pass online tests. For more details, please write to us.
11:55	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
12:02	More information on this mission is available at the following link.
12:08	This is Priya from IIT Bombay. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14