GChemPaint/C2/Formation-of-Bonds/Gujarati

Title of the tutorial: Formation-of-Bonds

Author: Madhuri Ganapathi

Key words: Video tutorial, Add bonds to the existing bond, Orient bonds, Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes GChemPaint tools- Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one, Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond.

Time	Narration
00:00	Hello everyone.
00:02	Welcome the tutorial on Formation of bonds in GChemPaint.
00:07	In this tutorial, we will learn to,
00:10	* Add bonds to the existing bond
00:13	* Orient the bonds
00:15	* Add Stereochemical bonds and
00:18	* Inverse wedge hashes
00:21	Here I am using Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04
00:27	GChemPaint version 0.12.10
00:33	To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,
00:37	GChemPaint chemical structure editor.
00:40	If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
00:46	I have opened a new GChemPaint application with Ethane structure.
00:51	Let us learn to convert Saturated Hydrocarbons to Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
00:58	Let us copy the Ethane structure and paste it twice on the Display area.
01:05	Click on Select one or more objects tool
01:08	Click on Ethane structure to select it.
01:11	Press CTRL +C to copy the structure
01:14	and Press CTRL + V to paste the structures.
01:19	Observe that two structures overlap each other.
01:23	Let's move the second overlapping structure aside.
01:27	Place the cursor on the structure and drag it with the mouse.
01:33	Observe the single bond between the carbon atoms in the structures.
01:40	Let's first convert single bond to a double bond.
01:44	Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one tool.
01:51	Click on the existing bond of the second Ethane structure.
01:55	Observe that Single bond is converted to a double bond.
02:00	Number of Hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 4.
02:06	The new structure is Ethene.
02:09	Next let's convert the single bond to a triple bond.
02:14	Click on the existing bond of the third Ethane structure twice.
02:20	Observe that Single bond is converted to a triple bond.
02:25	Number of hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 2.
02:30	The new structure is Ethyne.
02:34	Let us write the names of the structures.
02:37	Click on Add or modify a text tool
02:41	Click below the structures.
02:43	Enter the names of the structures as Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne.
02:53	Next, let us learn about Tetrahedral geometry.
02:57	Let's move the structures to a side.
03:00	Press CTRL+A to select all objects.
03:03	Click on Select one or more objects tool and drag the structures.
03:10	Here is a slide for the Tetrahedral Methane structure.
03:14	All the bond lengths are equal to 1.09 angstrom.
03:19	In Tetrahedral methane structure, all the bond angles are equal to 109.5 degree.
03:31	Now, let's draw Tetrahedral Ethane structure.
03:35	Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool.
03:41	Click on the Display area.
03:43	Orient the bond in horizontal direction.
03:47	On each edge of the bond let us draw three bonds.
03:51	Orient the bonds to form a Tetrahedral geometry.
03:55	Click on each edge. Then orient the three bonds in different directions.
04:02	Likewise let us draw on the other edge.
04:07	Let us attach hydrogen atoms at the ends.
04:10	To attach Hydrogen atoms to the ends, Press capital H.
04:16	A submenu opens in which we will select H.
04:21	Observe that Hydrogen atom appears in the tool box.
04:26	Click on Add or modify an atom tool.
04:29	Click on all the positions to add hydrogen atoms.
04:37	Now let us add Stereochemical bonds to Ethane structure.
04:42	Stereochemical bonds available in the tool box are,
04:46	* Add a wedge bond,
04:48	* Add a hash bond,
04:50	* Add a squiggle bond
04:53	* and Add a fore bond.
04:55	Let us use Add a wedge bond to convert Ethane to a "Stereochemical" structure.
05:03	Click on Add a wedge bond.
05:05	Then click on all the bonds.
05:10	Observe the changes.
05:13	Click on Add a hash bond
05:15	and then click on the Display area.
05:19	Now I will explain about Invert wedge hashes.
05:25	Go to Edit menu, navigate to Preferences and click on it.
05:31	GChemPaint Preferences window opens.
05:34	Click on Invert wedge hashes checkbox.
05:38	If set, the wedge hashes bonds will follow the usual convention.
05:43	Narrow end is at the start of the bond and broad end is at the other end.
05:50	This helps to visualize the bond correctly.
05:55	Default convention in GChemPaint is inverse, because it is more consistent with the perspective rules.
06:05	Observe the changes in the Hash bond.
06:09	Let us click on Close button to close the window.
06:13	Let us change the bonds to Add a hash bond in the Ethane structure.
06:18	Click on Add a hash bond
06:21	Click on all the bonds.
06:27	Let us now save the file.
06:30	Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar
06:34	Save as dialog box opens.
06:37	Enter the file name as Formation of bond
06:41	Click on Save button.
06:44	Let's summarise.
06:46	In this tutorial we have learnt to,
06:49	* Add bonds to the existing bond
06:52	* Orient the bonds
06:54	* Add Stereochemical bonds
06:56	* and Inverse wedge hashes
07:00	As an assignment,
07:01	* Convert Propane to Propyne
07:04	* Draw Propane and butane structures
07:07	* Show the stereochemical bonds.
07:11	Your completed assignment should look like this.
07:16	Watch the video available at this URL http://spoken-tutorial.org /What_a_Spoken_Tutorial
07:19	It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
07:23	If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
07:28	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
07:33	Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
07:36	For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
07:42	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
07:47	It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD,Government of India
07:54	More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
08:00	Animation is done by Udhaya Chandrika.
08:02	This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Jyotisolanki, PoojaMoolya