PhET/C2/Build-an-Atom/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to this tutorial on 'Build an Atom' simulation.
00:06	In this tutorial, we will demonstrate Build an Atom, Interactive PhET simulation.
00:13	To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science.
00:20	Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 Java version 1.7.0 Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2.
00:36	Using this simulation, students will be able to: 1. Build an atom using protons, neutrons and electrons,
00:46	2. Identify an element and its position on the periodic table.
00:52	3.Determine whether an atom is neutral or an ion. 4. Predict the charge.
01:00	5. Determine the mass of an atom or ion. 6. determine the stability of atom or ion created.
01:10	7. Represent the atomic symbols. 8. Create isotopes of an element.
01:17	Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter.
01:21	Each atom consists of a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.
01:27	Nucleus is surrounded by much lighter, negatively-charged electrons.
01:33	Nucleus may also contain neutrons. Neutron has same mass as proton but it has no charge.
01:42	Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines the chemical element.
01:48	Chemical properties of an element arise due to number & arrangement of electrons.
01:55	Let us get started.
01:57	Use the given link to download the simulation. http://phet.colorado.edu
02:01	I have already downloaded Build an Atom simulation to my Downloads folder.
02:07	To open the simulation, right click on build-an-atom_en.html file.
02:13	Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option. File opens in the browser.
02:21	This is the interface of Build-an-Atom simulation.
02:26	The interface has 3 screens- Atom, Symbol and Game.
02:33	Let us begin our simulation with Atom screen.
02:37	Click on Atom screen.
02:40	Using this screen, students can- build atoms, determine the identity, net-charge and mass of an atom.
02:51	Atom screen shows a Bohr's model of an atom.
02:56	It shows position of nucleus and 2 orbits.
03:01	At the bottom of the screen, there are 3 containers with Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
03:09	On the right-side, there are 3 panels- Element, Net charge and Mass Number.
03:18	To open the panel, click on the green plus sign located on top-right corner on each panel.
03:26	This allows you to view the changes as you change the number of particles.
03:33	At the bottom of the screen, you will see Show box. In the box, click on Stable/Unstable check box.
03:42	The top left corner of the screen shows a box.
03:47	It shows the number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons, we have used to create the atom.
03:56	Let us start by building Hydrogen atom. From the Proton container, click on the Proton.
04:04	Drag and drop on the X mark, which represents the nucleus of an atom.
04:10	Simultaneously observe the changes in each of the panels.
04:16	Hydrogen atom is the simplest of all elements. It has one electron in the first orbit and one proton in the nucleus.
04:27	Drag an Electron and place in the first orbit. By default, the orbits are shown as circular dashed lines.
04:36	Under Model heading, click on Cloud radio button. This will show the orbit as electron cloud.
04:44	Click on Orbits radio button to show the default orbits.
04:49	Observe all the panels on the screen.
04:53	Element box shows Hydrogen as Element.
04:57	Net charge is zero and is labeled as neutral atom. Mass number is one.
05:06	It also shows that the atom is Stable.
05:10	Now add one more Proton to the nucleus. The atom is shown as Unstable Helium Ion.
05:18	Add one more Electron in the 1st orbit. Now it is a Neutral atom but the atom is still labeled as Unstable.
05:28	Add a Neutron to the nucleus. The atom is now Stable.
05:34	The Mass Number shows 3, but we know that atomic mass of helium is 4. So, add another Neutron to the nucleus.
05:44	This completes the atomic structure of Helium atom.
05:49	Helium atom has 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons and 2 Electrons.
05:55	We can add Neutrons to the nucleus, to create isotopes of the same element.
06:01	Atoms of the same element that differ in neutrons are called isotopes.
06:07	Isotopes of same element have same chemical properties.
06:12	Remove one Proton, one Electron and 2 Neutrons from the Helium atom. Now we have hydrogen atom, also called Protium.
06:25	Let us create isotopes of Hydrogen.
06:29	Hydrogen has three isotopes. Protium, Deuterium and Tritium.
06:36	Nucleus of Protium contains only one Proton.
06:39	Deuterium has one Proton and one Neutron. Tritium has one Proton and 2 Neutrons.
06:48	Add one Neutron to the nucleus. Deuterium atom is created.
06:55	It is Stable. Add another Neutron to the nucleus to create tritium. Tritium is unstable, as shown here.
07:06	As an assignment: create a neutral carbon atom. Show isotopes of carbon.
07:14	Click on reset button at the bottom-right corner. This will reset the screen to default settings.
07:24	Next, click on Symbol screen at the bottom of the interface. Using this screen, students can interpret atomic symbols.
07:34	Notice that a Symbol panel is added on the screen.
07:39	Atom of every element is represented by a symbol. It gives information about atomic number, mass number and charge.
07:52	The subscript number is called the atomic number. The superscript number is called the mass number. Charge on the atom is shown on the top-right corner.
08:06	The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number.
08:11	The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number.
08:18	Add Protons, Neutrons and Electrons to the atom.
08:24	Observe the Symbol panel.
08:26	Note the change in name of Element, atomic number, Mass Number and charge.
08:34	Now we will move on to the Game screen.
08:36	Click on Game screen at the bottom of the interface. Four different games are available.
08:45	These games will test the knowledge gained using this simulation.
08:50	A timer and a sound button are provided at the bottom-left corner of the screen. Click on the timer button to enable the timer before the game starts.
09:02	We can also control the sound by clicking on the sound symbol.
09:08	Click on each game screen and explore.
09:17	In this tutorial, we have learnt: how to use Build an Atom, interactive PhET simulation.
09:24	Using this simulation, we have learnt to - 1. Build models of Hydrogen and Helium atoms. 2. Add or remove electrons to create ions. 3. Add or remove neutrons to create isotopes.
09:38	As an assignment: create a neutral oxygen atom.
09:43	Add two electrons to the neutral atom. Observe the change in parameters on various panels. Try to remove electrons from the inner shells, observe the results.
09:56	The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
10:04	The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
10:18	Please post your timed queries on this forum.
10:22	This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
10:30	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link.
10:41	This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao, from IIT Bombay. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Snehalathak