PhET/C3/Fluid-pressure-and-flow/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Fluid Pressure and Flow.
00:06	In this tutorial we will demonstrate Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.
00:12	Here, I am using: Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04
00:19	Java version 1.8.0
00:23	To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics.
00:30	Using this simulation, We will demonstrate Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere.
00:39	Change in pressure in various fluid densities.
00:43	Bernoulli's principle.
00:46	Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
00:50	Observe the trajectory of a fluid
00:54	Use the given link to download the simulation.
00:58	I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder.
01:03	To run this simulation, open the terminal.
01:07	At the prompt type, cd space Downloads and press Enter.
01:15	Type java space hyphen jar space fluid hyphen pressure hyphen and hyphen flow underscore en dot jar and press Enter.
01:29	Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation opens.
01:33	Interface has three tabs.
01:36	On the left of the screen, we have three buttons.
01:40	On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens.
01:45	let us click on the first button.
01:48	Screen opens with a faucet and a tank.
01:53	Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water.
01:58	Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid.
02:04	Drag the slider to drain the fluid.
02:08	Drag and place the Pressure gauge in the tank to touch the fluid.
02:14	To expand the Fluid Density box, click on the green Plus sign.
02:20	Observe that the Fluid Density slider has three different fluids.
02:26	Drag the slider from gasoline to honey.
02:30	Observe the change in the Fluid Density as we drag.
02:36	In Fluid density box we can edit the values from 700 kg per meter cube to 1420 kg per meter cube.
02:45	Click on the red minus button to close the Fluid density box.
02:50	Click on the green plus button to expand the Gravity box.
02:55	Observe that here a slider is provided to change Gravity from low to high.
03:02	The slider is at Earth.
03:05	As we drag the Gravity slider observe that pressure changes.
03:11	Gravity's value can be changed from 1.0 m/s2 to 20 m/s2.
03:18	Click on Reset All button.
03:21	Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim.
03:26	Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive.
03:32	Select the Grid box to show the grid lines.
03:36	Drag and place the Pressure gauge on the 0 meter line.
03:41	Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kiloPascal.
03:49	Click on Atmosphere Off radio button.
03:53	Value of pressure is 0.00 KiloPascal.
03:58	Click the Atmosphere On radio button.
04:02	This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.
04:08	Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
04:13	We will make a tabular column for Fluid Density, Depth, and Pressure.
04:19	To take the measurement drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter.
04:24	Note the value in the table.
04:27	Similarly drag pressure gauge to 2 meters and 3 metres and note the values.
04:36	I have noted the values in the table.
04:40	Drag the slider towards gasoline.
04:44	Observe the change in pressure as we change the density.
04:49	Drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter to measure the pressure in gasoline.
04:56	As an Assignment, Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.
05:03	Explain your observation.
05:07	Click on Reset All button.
05:10	Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes.
05:16	Click on the third tank button.
05:19	An underground basin opens.
05:22	The basin is divided into two compartments.
05:26	Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet.
05:31	One 500 kg and two 250 kg weights.
05:37	Under Units, click on Atmospheres radio button.
05:42	Observe the value on the pressure gauge.
05:45	It has changed from 101.300 kiloPascal to 0.9998 atmospheres.
05:55	Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water.
06:00	Observe the value on the pressure gauge.
06:04	Select the Grid check box.
06:07	Place 250 kg weight in the left compartment of the basin.
06:13	Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment.
06:18	Continue to add 500 kg and 250 kg weights to the left compartment.
06:25	As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment.
06:31	This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift.
06:36	We will now explore Flow tab.
06:39	Select the Flow tab to open the screen.
06:43	In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes.
06:49	Each end pipe is provided with three handles.
06:54	Height of the pipe can be changed using the upper and lower handles.
07:02	We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down.
07:09	We can control the flow rate by dragging the Flow Rate slider.
07:14	Now select Flux meter check box.
07:17	A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appears on the screen.
07:23	This box displays the value for Flow Rate, Area and Flux.
07:30	Using the Flux meter we can calculate the total flux entering a given area.
07:37	Drag the Flux meter through the pipe.
07:40	Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe.
07:46	As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it.
07:52	The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area.
07:59	Uncheck the Flux meter check-box.
08:03	Select Friction check-box.
08:06	Observe that the flow of dots slows down.
08:10	Using the Red Dots button we can insert black dots into the fluid.
08:16	Click on Reset All button.
08:19	Let us uncheck the Dots check-box and click the Red button.
08:26	Drag and place Speed meter in the water pipe.
08:30	Similarly drag the Pressure gauge and place inside the water pipe.
08:35	Drag the Pressure gauge and Speed meter all along the water pipe.
08:42	Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform.
08:48	This is because the flow of water is Streamlined.
08:52	Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.
09:00	Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.
09:05	Let us increase the Flow Rate to maximum.
09:09	Drag the Speed meter towards extreme left.
09:14	And observe the speed to be 3.5 meter per second.
09:19	Recall that speed is a scalar quantity.
09:23	Blue vector represents direction of velocity.
09:27	Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter.
09:32	Observe that the pressure is 115.896 kiloPascal.
09:38	Drag another Speed meter from the tools and keep it in first wider region.
09:44	Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region.
09:49	The speed has decreased to 1.4 meter per second and the velocity vector has also decreased.
09:58	Drag and place Pressure gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.
10:04	Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 kiloPascal.
10:11	Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases.
10:18	As an assignment,Observe the change in speed and pressure when, fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey.
10:29	Click on Water Tower tab to open it.
10:33	In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank.
10:38	In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower.
10:43	On the faucet there are two radio buttons.
10:47	Manual to start the flow of water and Match Leakage to stop the flow.
10:53	On the right side of the screen select the Measuring Tape check-box.
10:59	Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank.
11:04	Note the value of the height.
11:07	Click on the Fill button to fill the tank completely.
11:12	Place the Pressure gauge on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure.
11:17	Note the value of pressure at the surface.
11:22	Let us solve the given numerical.
11:25	A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.
11:32	Find the pressure exerted at the bottom of the tank.
11:36	The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa.
11:40	Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. Take g= 9.81 m/sec2.
11:51	Click and drag the Pressure gauge to the bottom of the tank.
11:56	Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is 198.1 kiloPascal.
12:05	Calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank using the formula:P=P0+hρg.
12:14	Substitute the values from the numerical into the formula.
12:19	Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton.
12:24	The required pressure at the bottom of the tank is 204.5 kPa.
12:32	Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure.
12:37	Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value.
12:44	Solve the given numericals.
12:47	Click on Reset All button.
12:51	We will see the flow of water by changing the position of the Hose.
12:57	Click on Fill button to fill the tank.
13:00	First Align the Hose with the orange slider.
13:04	Open the orange slider.
13:07	Drag the Hose up and then down.
13:11	Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.
13:15	Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.
13:22	Let us summarize
13:24	In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.
13:31	Using this simulation we have Demonstrated, How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.
13:39	Pressure in different fluid densities.
13:43	Bernoulli’s Principle.
13:46	Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
13:50	Observed the trajectory of the fluid.
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14:39	This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay
14:42	Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Karwanjehimanshi95, PoojaMoolya