PhET/C3/Fluid-pressure-and-flow/English-timed

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Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Fluid Pressure and Flow.
00:06 In this tutorial we will demonstrate Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.
00:12 Here, I am using: Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04
00:19 Java version 1.8.0
00:23 To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics.
00:30 Using this simulation, We will demonstrate Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere.
00:39 Change in pressure in various fluid densities.
00:43 Bernoulli's principle.
00:46 Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
00:50 Observe the trajectory of a fluid
00:54 Use the given link to download the simulation.
00:58 I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder.
01:03 To run this simulation, open the terminal.
01:07 At the prompt type, cd space Downloads and press Enter.
01:15 Type java space hyphen jar space fluid hyphen pressure hyphen and hyphen flow underscore en dot jar and press Enter.
01:29 Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation opens.
01:33 Interface has three tabs.
01:36 On the left of the screen, we have three buttons.
01:40 On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens.
01:45 let us click on the first button.
01:48 Screen opens with a faucet and a tank.
01:53 Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water.
01:58 Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid.
02:04 Drag the slider to drain the fluid.
02:08 Drag and place the Pressure gauge in the tank to touch the fluid.
02:14 To expand the Fluid Density box, click on the green Plus sign.
02:20 Observe that the Fluid Density slider has three different fluids.
02:26 Drag the slider from gasoline to honey.
02:30 Observe the change in the Fluid Density as we drag.
02:36 In Fluid density box we can edit the values from 700 kg per meter cube to 1420 kg per meter cube.
02:45 Click on the red minus button to close the Fluid density box.
02:50 Click on the green plus button to expand the Gravity box.
02:55 Observe that here a slider is provided to change Gravity from low to high.
03:02 The slider is at Earth.
03:05 As we drag the Gravity slider observe that pressure changes.
03:11 Gravity's value can be changed from 1.0 m/s2 to 20 m/s2.
03:18 Click on Reset All button.
03:21 Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim.
03:26 Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive.
03:32 Select the Grid box to show the grid lines.
03:36 Drag and place the Pressure gauge on the 0 meter line.
03:41 Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kiloPascal.
03:49 Click on Atmosphere Off radio button.
03:53 Value of pressure is 0.00 KiloPascal.
03:58 Click the Atmosphere On radio button.
04:02 This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.
04:08 Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
04:13 We will make a tabular column for Fluid Density, Depth, and Pressure.
04:19 To take the measurement drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter.
04:24 Note the value in the table.
04:27 Similarly drag pressure gauge to 2 meters and 3 metres and note the values.
04:36 I have noted the values in the table.
04:40 Drag the slider towards gasoline.
04:44 Observe the change in pressure as we change the density.
04:49 Drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter to measure the pressure in gasoline.
04:56 As an Assignment, Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.
05:03 Explain your observation.
05:07 Click on Reset All button.
05:10 Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes.
05:16 Click on the third tank button.
05:19 An underground basin opens.
05:22 The basin is divided into two compartments.
05:26 Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet.
05:31 One 500 kg and two 250 kg weights.
05:37 Under Units, click on Atmospheres radio button.
05:42 Observe the value on the pressure gauge.
05:45 It has changed from 101.300 kiloPascal to 0.9998 atmospheres.
05:55 Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water.
06:00 Observe the value on the pressure gauge.
06:04 Select the Grid check box.
06:07 Place 250 kg weight in the left compartment of the basin.
06:13 Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment.
06:18 Continue to add 500 kg and 250 kg weights to the left compartment.
06:25 As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment.
06:31 This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift.
06:36 We will now explore Flow tab.
06:39 Select the Flow tab to open the screen.
06:43 In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes.
06:49 Each end pipe is provided with three handles.
06:54 Height of the pipe can be changed using the upper and lower handles.
07:02 We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down.
07:09 We can control the flow rate by dragging the Flow Rate slider.
07:14 Now select Flux meter check box.
07:17 A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appears on the screen.
07:23 This box displays the value for Flow Rate, Area and Flux.
07:30 Using the Flux meter we can calculate the total flux entering a given area.
07:37 Drag the Flux meter through the pipe.
07:40 Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe.
07:46 As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it.
07:52 The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area.
07:59 Uncheck the Flux meter check-box.
08:03 Select Friction check-box.
08:06 Observe that the flow of dots slows down.
08:10 Using the Red Dots button we can insert black dots into the fluid.
08:16 Click on Reset All button.
08:19 Let us uncheck the Dots check-box and click the Red button.
08:26 Drag and place Speed meter in the water pipe.
08:30 Similarly drag the Pressure gauge and place inside the water pipe.
08:35 Drag the Pressure gauge and Speed meter all along the water pipe.
08:42 Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform.
08:48 This is because the flow of water is Streamlined.
08:52 Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.
09:00 Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.
09:05 Let us increase the Flow Rate to maximum.
09:09 Drag the Speed meter towards extreme left.
09:14 And observe the speed to be 3.5 meter per second.
09:19 Recall that speed is a scalar quantity.
09:23 Blue vector represents direction of velocity.
09:27 Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter.
09:32 Observe that the pressure is 115.896 kiloPascal.
09:38 Drag another Speed meter from the tools and keep it in first wider region.
09:44 Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region.
09:49 The speed has decreased to 1.4 meter per second and the velocity vector has also decreased.
09:58 Drag and place Pressure gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.
10:04 Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 kiloPascal.
10:11 Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases.
10:18 As an assignment,Observe the change in speed and pressure when, fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey.
10:29 Click on Water Tower tab to open it.
10:33 In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank.
10:38 In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower.
10:43 On the faucet there are two radio buttons.
10:47 Manual to start the flow of water and Match Leakage to stop the flow.
10:53 On the right side of the screen select the Measuring Tape check-box.
10:59 Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank.
11:04 Note the value of the height.
11:07 Click on the Fill button to fill the tank completely.
11:12 Place the Pressure gauge on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure.
11:17 Note the value of pressure at the surface.
11:22 Let us solve the given numerical.
11:25 A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.
11:32 Find the pressure exerted at the bottom of the tank.
11:36 The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa.
11:40 Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. Take g= 9.81 m/sec2.
11:51 Click and drag the Pressure gauge to the bottom of the tank.
11:56 Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is 198.1 kiloPascal.
12:05 Calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank using the formula:P=P0+hρg.
12:14 Substitute the values from the numerical into the formula.
12:19 Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton.
12:24 The required pressure at the bottom of the tank is 204.5 kPa.
12:32 Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure.
12:37 Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value.
12:44 Solve the given numericals.
12:47 Click on Reset All button.
12:51 We will see the flow of water by changing the position of the Hose.
12:57 Click on Fill button to fill the tank.
13:00 First Align the Hose with the orange slider.
13:04 Open the orange slider.
13:07 Drag the Hose up and then down.
13:11 Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.
13:15 Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.
13:22 Let us summarize
13:24 In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.
13:31 Using this simulation we have Demonstrated, How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.
13:39 Pressure in different fluid densities.
13:43 Bernoulli’s Principle.
13:46 Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
13:50 Observed the trajectory of the fluid.
13:54 The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
13:59 Please download and watch it.
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14:39 This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay
14:42 Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Karwanjehimanshi95, PoojaMoolya