Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Programming-Concepts/English"

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 +
Title of the tutorial: Programming-Concepts
 +
 +
Author: Madhuri Ganpathi
 +
 +
Key words: Variables, print command, canvas, Comment a line, sprite, spritehide, spriteshow, clear, video tutorial.
 +
 
{|border =1
 
{|border =1
 
!Visual Cue
 
!Visual Cue
Line 76: Line 82:
 
"*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers.   
 
"*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers.   
  
−
"^"(caret) raises the power of a number.
+
"^"(caret) raises the power of the number.
  
 
"#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it.
 
"#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it.
Line 82: Line 88:
 
"sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number.
 
"sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Switch to Kturtle Application
+
||Switch to '''Kturtle''' Application
−
Dash  home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle
+
'''Dash  home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle'''
  
 
||Let's open  new  '''KTurtle''' Application
 
||Let's open  new  '''KTurtle''' Application
−
Click on  Dash  home >> Media Apps.
+
Click on  '''Dash  home''' >> '''Media Apps'''.
  
−
Under Type, Choose Education and KTurtle.
+
'''Under Type, Choose Education''' and '''KTurtle'''.
−
KTurtle application opens.
+
'''KTurtle''' application opens.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Press CTRL+ALT+T  >> open the terminal >>type kturtle >>press enter to open
+
||Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' >> open the '''terminal''' >>type kturtle >>press enter to open
−
||We can also open  '''KTurtle''' Application from the '''terminal'''.
+
||We can also open  '''KTurtle''' using '''terminal'''.
 
Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the terminal.
 
Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the terminal.
−
Type KTurtle and press enter,  '''KTurtle''' Application opens.
+
Type '''KTurtle''' and press enter,  '''KTurtle''' Application opens.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
Line 100: Line 106:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Let me zoom the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred.
+
||Let me zoom into the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''#program to find square of a number'''
 
||'''#program to find square of a number'''
Line 107: Line 113:
  
 
"#" sign comments a line written after it.  
 
"#" sign comments a line written after it.  
 +
 
This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter.
 
This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 130: Line 137:
  
 
Highlight '''fontsize 28'''
 
Highlight '''fontsize 28'''
−
||'''“fontsize”''' space '''28'''  press enter.
+
||'''“fontsize”''' space '''28'''   
  
 
'''fontsize 28'''  sets the font size used by print.  
 
'''fontsize 28'''  sets the font size used by print.  
Line 169: Line 176:
 
square of '15'  = '225' is displayed on the canvas.
 
square of '15'  = '225' is displayed on the canvas.
 
|-
 
|-
 +
||
 
||Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a  program.
 
||Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a  program.
 +
|-
 +
||
 
||I already have program  in a text editor.  
 
||I already have program  in a text editor.  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 179: Line 189:
 
'''print  ($i^$n)'''  
 
'''print  ($i^$n)'''  
 
'''spritehide'''
 
'''spritehide'''
−
||Let me copy the code from editor and paste it into  '''KTurtle''' editor.  
+
||Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into  '''KTurtle's''' editor.  
  
  
Line 185: Line 195:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||  
 
||  
−
Let me zoom the program text.
+
||Let me zoom into the program text.
−
 
+
|-
−
Explain the program.
+
||
−
Highlight #
+
||Explain the program.
−
# sign comments a line written after it.
+
|-
−
Highlight reset
+
||Highlight #
−
reset command sets Turtle to default position.
+
||# sign comments a line written after it.
−
Highlight $i and $n
+
|-
−
$i and $n are variables to store user input.
+
||Highlight '''reset'''
−
Highlight ask
+
||'''reset''' command sets '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position.
−
“ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variables.
+
|-
−
Highlight fontsize 28
+
||Highlight '''$i''' and '''$n'''
−
fontsize 28  sets the font size used by print.  
+
||'''$i''' and '''$n''' are variables to store user input.
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''ask'''
 +
||'''“ask”''' command asks for user input to be stored in variables.
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''fontsize 28'''
 +
||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print.  
 
Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels.
 
Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels.
−
Highlight print ($i^$n)  
+
|-
−
print ($i^$n) calculates & prints nth power of a number.  
+
||Highlight '''print ($i^$n)'''
−
Highlight spritehide
+
||'''print ($i^$n)''' calculates & prints nth power of a number.  
−
spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
+
|-
−
Run the program code
+
||Highlight '''spritehide'''
−
Let's  run the program.
+
||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas.
 +
|-
 +
||Run the program code
 +
||Let's  run the program.
  
 
Let's enter '5'  for i, and click OK
 
Let's enter '5'  for i, and click OK
 
Let's enter  '4' for n, and click OK
 
Let's enter  '4' for n, and click OK
−
  5^4=625  is displayed on canvas.  
+
  5^4=625  is displayed on the canvas.  
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
||Next, let's use inbuilt '''“sqrt”''' function in a program to find square root of a number.
 +
|-
 +
||'''#Program finds square root of a positive number'''
 +
'''reset'''
 +
'''$i= ask "enter number for  i and click OK"'''
 +
'''fontsize 28'''
 +
'''print sqrt $i'''
 +
'''spritehide'''
  
−
Next, let's use inbuilt “sqrt” function in a program to find square root of a number.
+
||Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into ''' KTurtle's''' editor.  
−
#Program finds square root of a positive number
+
−
reset
+
−
$i= ask "enter number for  i and click OK"
+
−
fontsize 28
+
−
print sqrt $i
+
−
spritehide
+
−
Let me copy the code from editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.  
+
  
  
−
Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your KTurtle editor.  
+
Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.  
  
−
Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred.
+
|-
 +
||
 +
||Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred.
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
||Let me explain the code now.
  
−
Let me explain the code.
+
|-
−
Highlight #
+
||Highlight #
−
# sign comments a line written after it .  
+
||# sign comments a line written after it .  
−
Highlight reset
+
|-
−
reset command sets Turtle to default position.
+
||Highlight '''reset'''
−
Highlight $i  
+
||'''reset''' command sets '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position.
−
$i is a variable to store user input.
+
|-
−
Highlight fontsize 28
+
||Highlight '''$i'''
−
fontsize 28  sets the font size used by print.
+
||'''$i''' is a variable to store user input.
−
Highlight print sqrt $i  
+
|-
−
print sqrt $i prints square root of a number.  
+
||Highlight '''fontsize 28'''
−
Highlight spritehide
+
||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print.
−
spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
+
|-
−
Run the program code
+
||Highlight''' print sqrt $i'''
−
Let me run the program now.
+
||'''print sqrt $i''' prints square root of a number.  
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''spritehide'''
 +
||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas.
 +
|-
 +
||'''Run the program code'''
 +
||Let me run the program now.
 
Let's enter  '169'  for i,  and click OK
 
Let's enter  '169'  for i,  and click OK
 
square root of 169 = 13,  
 
square root of 169 = 13,  
 
is displayed on canvas.
 
is displayed on canvas.
−
Run the program code
+
|-
−
Let's  run again,
+
||'''Run the program code'''
 +
||Let's  run again,
 
let's enter -169  for i and click OK.
 
let's enter -169  for i and click OK.
 
If we enter negative number,  
 
If we enter negative number,  
−
output is 'nan'  it means not a number.
+
output is ''''nan''''  it means not a number.
−
As square root of negative number is not real number.
+
As square root of negative number is not a real number.
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
||Let's next evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program.
 +
|-
 +
||'''#Program to find cube root of a positive number'''
 +
'''reset'''
 +
'''$i= ask "enter a number  for i and click OK"'''
 +
'''$C=($i)^(1/3)'''
 +
'''fontsize 28'''
 +
'''print $C'''
 +
'''spritehide'''
 +
||
 +
Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into ''' KTurtle's''' editor.
  
−
Next, let's evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program.
 
−
#Program to find cube root of a positive number
 
−
reset
 
−
$i= ask "enter a number  for i and click OK"
 
−
$C=($i)^(1/3)
 
−
fontsize 28
 
−
print $C
 
−
spritehide
 
−
Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 
  
  
  
 +
Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
 +
|-
 +
||
  
−
Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your KTurtle editor.
+
||Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a little blurred.
−
 
+
|-
−
Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a liitle blurred.
+
||
−
 
+
||Let me explain the program.
−
Let me explain the program.
+
|-
−
Highlight #
+
||Highlight #
−
#  sign comments a line.  
+
||#  sign comments a line.  
 
Please note this is a single line comment.  
 
Please note this is a single line comment.  
 
Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign.
 
Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign.
−
Highlight reset
+
|-
−
reset command sets the turtle to default position.
+
||Highlight '''reset'''
−
Highlight $i  
+
||'''reset''' command sets the '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position.
−
$i and $C are  variables to store user input.
+
|-
−
Highlight $C=($i)^(1/3)  
+
||Highlight '''$i''' and '''$C'''
−
$C=($i)^(1/3) calculates cube root of a number.
+
||'''$i''' and '''$C''' are  variables to store user input.
−
Highlight fontsize 28
+
|-
−
fontsize 28  sets the font size used by print.  
+
||Highlight '''$C=($i)^(1/3)'''
−
Highlight print $C
+
||'''$C=($i)^(1/3)''' calculates cube root of a number.
−
print $C prints cube root of a number.  
+
|-
−
Highlight spritehide
+
||Highlight '''fontsize 28'''
−
spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
+
||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print.  
−
Run the program
+
|-
−
Let's Run the program
+
||Highlight '''print $C'''
 +
||'''print $C''' prints cube root of a number.  
 +
|-
 +
||Highlight '''spritehide'''
 +
||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas.
 +
|-
 +
||'''Run the program'''
 +
||Let's Run the program
  
 
Let's enter 343 for i and click OK
 
Let's enter 343 for i and click OK
 
cube root of 343 = 7
 
cube root of 343 = 7
−
is be displayed on canvas.
+
is be displayed on canvas.
−
 
+
|-
−
With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
+
||
 +
||With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
 
let us summarize.
 
let us summarize.
−
Slide number 8
+
|-
−
Summary
+
||Slide number 8
−
In this tutorial, we have learnt
+
−
Programming concepts
+
−
Use of sqrt function
+
−
Use of print command
+
−
Using KTurtle editor and canvas.
+
−
Slide Number 9
+
  
−
Assignment
+
'''Summary'''
−
As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ...
+
||In this tutorial, we have learnt
−
Cube of a number  
+
* Programming concepts
−
nth root of a number
+
 
−
Slide number 10
+
* Use of sqrt function
−
Acknowledgement
+
 
−
Watch the video available at  this URL
+
* Use of print command
 +
 
 +
* Using KTurtle editor and canvas.
 +
|-
 +
||Slide Number 9
 +
 
 +
'''Assignment'''
 +
||As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ...
 +
* Cube of a number  
 +
 
 +
* nth root of a number
 +
|-
 +
||Slide number 10
 +
'''Acknowledgement'''
 +
||Watch the video available at  this URL
  
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial  
 
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial  
Line 314: Line 371:
  
 
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
 
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
−
Slide Number 11
+
|-
 +
||Slide Number 11
  
−
The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
+
||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
  
 
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
 
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
Line 325: Line 383:
  
 
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
 
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
−
Slide number 12
+
|-
−
Spoken Tutorial Project is a part  of the Talk to a Teacher project.
+
||Slide number 12
 +
||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part  of the Talk to a Teacher project.
  
 
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
 
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
−
More information on this Mission is available at this
+
More information on this Mission is available at this link
−
ttp://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ].
+
http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ].
  
 
This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off.
 
This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off.
 
Thank you for joining.
 
Thank you for joining.
−
 
−
||
 
−
|-
 
−
||
 
−
||
 
−
|-
 
−
||
 
−
||
 
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 15:48, 18 December 2013

Title of the tutorial: Programming-Concepts

Author: Madhuri Ganpathi

Key words: Variables, print command, canvas, Comment a line, sprite, spritehide, spriteshow, clear, video tutorial.

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1 Hello Everybody.

Welcome to this tutorial on Programming concepts in KTurtle.

Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will learn how to

  • Write a program in KTurtle
  • Use variables to store user input
  • Use print command to print on canvas
  • Comment a line
Slide Number 3

System Requirement


To record this tutorial, I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS Version 11.10.

KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.

Slide number 4

Pre-requisites

We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle.

If not,

for relevant tutorials, please visit our website,

http://spoken-tutorial.org.

Before proceeding, we will discuss some basic information about KTurtle.
Slide Number 5

Sprite

"Turtle" displayed on the canvas is called "sprite".

"Sprite" is a small image that moves around the screen.

e.g. Cursor is a sprite.

Slide Number 6

sprite Commands

"spritehide" command hides Turtle from canvas.

"spriteshow" command shows Turtle if it is hidden.

"clear" command cleans all drawings from canvas.

Slide Number 7

Symbols

In KTurtle,

"$ " sign is a container of variables.

"*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers.

"^"(caret) raises the power of the number.

"#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it.

"sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number.

Switch to Kturtle Application

Dash home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle

Let's open new KTurtle Application

Click on Dash home >> Media Apps.

Under Type, Choose Education and KTurtle. KTurtle application opens.

Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal >>type kturtle >>press enter to open We can also open KTurtle using terminal.

Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the terminal. Type KTurtle and press enter, KTurtle Application opens.

Let me type and explain the program code.
Let me zoom into the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred.
#program to find square of a number

Highlight #

#program to find square of a number. Press enter

"#" sign comments a line written after it.

This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter.

reset

Highlight reset

reset

reset command sets Turtle to default position. Press enter.

$i= ask "enter any number for i and click OK"

Highlight $i

$i= ask within double quotes enter any number for i and click OK.

"$i" is a variable to store user input.

Highlight "ask" “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variable

press enter

fontsize 28

Highlight fontsize 28

“fontsize” space 28

fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels.

print $i*$i

Highlight print $i*$i

print $i*$i

print $i*$i calculates and prints square of a number. press enter.

spritehide

Highlight spritehide

spritehide

spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.

Run the program code Let us Run the program now.

Click on Run button on the toolbar to start execution of the code in the editor. It shows a list of execution speeds. Full speed(no highlighting and inspector) Full speed, slow, slower, slowest and step-by-step.

Enter '15' for i

Square of 15 =225

Let me run the code at slow speed.

An "input bar" appears let's enter 15 for i and click OK square of '15' = '225' is displayed on the canvas.

Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a program.
I already have program in a text editor.
#Program evaluates nth power of a number

reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" $n=ask "enter number for n and click OK" fontsize 28 print ($i^$n) spritehide

Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.


Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your KTurtle editor.

Let me zoom into the program text.
Explain the program.
Highlight # # sign comments a line written after it.
Highlight reset reset command sets Turtle to default position.
Highlight $i and $n $i and $n are variables to store user input.
Highlight ask “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variables.
Highlight fontsize 28 fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print.

Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels.

Highlight print ($i^$n) print ($i^$n) calculates & prints nth power of a number.
Highlight spritehide spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
Run the program code Let's run the program.

Let's enter '5' for i, and click OK Let's enter '4' for n, and click OK 

5^4=625  is displayed on the canvas.
Next, let's use inbuilt “sqrt” function in a program to find square root of a number.
#Program finds square root of a positive number

reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" fontsize 28 print sqrt $i spritehide

Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.


Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your KTurtle editor.

Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred.
Let me explain the code now.
Highlight # # sign comments a line written after it .
Highlight reset reset command sets Turtle to default position.
Highlight $i $i is a variable to store user input.
Highlight fontsize 28 fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print.
Highlight print sqrt $i print sqrt $i prints square root of a number.
Highlight spritehide spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
Run the program code Let me run the program now.

Let's enter '169' for i, and click OK square root of 169 = 13, is displayed on canvas.

Run the program code Let's run again,

let's enter -169 for i and click OK. If we enter negative number, output is 'nan' it means not a number. As square root of negative number is not a real number.

Let's next evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program.
#Program to find cube root of a positive number

reset $i= ask "enter a number for i and click OK" $C=($i)^(1/3) fontsize 28 print $C spritehide

Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.



Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your KTurtle editor.

Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a little blurred.
Let me explain the program.
Highlight # # sign comments a line.

Please note this is a single line comment. Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign.

Highlight reset reset command sets the Turtle to default position.
Highlight $i and $C $i and $C are variables to store user input.
Highlight $C=($i)^(1/3) $C=($i)^(1/3) calculates cube root of a number.
Highlight fontsize 28 fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print.
Highlight print $C print $C prints cube root of a number.
Highlight spritehide spritehide hides Turtle from canvas.
Run the program Let's Run the program

Let's enter 343 for i and click OK cube root of 343 = 7 is be displayed on canvas.

With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.

let us summarize.

Slide number 8

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt
  • Programming concepts
  • Use of sqrt function
  • Use of print command
  • Using KTurtle editor and canvas.
Slide Number 9

Assignment

As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ...
  • Cube of a number
  • nth root of a number
Slide number 10

Acknowledgement

Watch the video available at this URL

http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

Slide Number 11 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

Slide number 12 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ].

This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig

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