KTurtle/C3/Programming-Concepts/English
Title of the tutorial: Programming-Concepts
Author: Madhuri Ganpathi
Key words: Variables, print command, canvas, Comment a line, sprite, spritehide, spriteshow, clear, video tutorial.
| Visual Cue | Narration |
|---|---|
| Slide Number 1 | Hello Everybody.
Welcome to this tutorial on Programming concepts in KTurtle. |
| Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn how to
|
| Slide Number 3
System Requirement
|
To record this tutorial, I am using,
Ubuntu Linux OS Version 11.10. KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta. |
| Slide number 4
Pre-requisites |
We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle. If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website, |
| Before proceeding, we will discuss some basic information about KTurtle. | |
| Slide Number 5
Sprite |
"Turtle" displayed on the canvas is called "sprite".
"Sprite" is a small image that moves around the screen. e.g. Cursor is a sprite. |
| Slide Number 6
sprite Commands |
"spritehide" command hides Turtle from canvas.
"spriteshow" command shows Turtle if it is hidden. "clear" command cleans all drawings from canvas. |
| Slide Number 7
Symbols |
In KTurtle,
"$ " sign is a container of variables. "*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers. "^"(caret) raises the power of the number. "#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it. "sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number. |
| Switch to Kturtle Application
Dash home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle |
Let's open new KTurtle Application
Click on Dash home >> Media Apps. Under Type, Choose Education and KTurtle. KTurtle application opens. |
| Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal >>type kturtle >>press enter to open | We can also open KTurtle using terminal.
Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the terminal. Type KTurtle and press enter, KTurtle Application opens. |
| Let me type and explain the program code. | |
| Let me zoom into the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
| #program to find square of a number
Highlight # |
#program to find square of a number. Press enter
"#" sign comments a line written after it. This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter. |
| reset
Highlight reset |
reset
reset command sets Turtle to default position. Press enter. |
| $i= ask "enter any number for i and click OK"
Highlight $i |
$i= ask within double quotes enter any number for i and click OK. "$i" is a variable to store user input. |
| Highlight "ask" | “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variable
press enter |
| fontsize 28
Highlight fontsize 28 |
“fontsize” space 28
fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. |
| print $i*$i
Highlight print $i*$i |
print $i*$i
print $i*$i calculates and prints square of a number. press enter. |
| spritehide
Highlight spritehide |
spritehide
spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
| Run the program code | Let us Run the program now.
Click on Run button on the toolbar to start execution of the code in the editor. It shows a list of execution speeds. Full speed(no highlighting and inspector) Full speed, slow, slower, slowest and step-by-step. |
| Enter '15' for i
Square of 15 =225 |
Let me run the code at slow speed.
An "input bar" appears let's enter 15 for i and click OK square of '15' = '225' is displayed on the canvas. |
| Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a program. | |
| I already have program in a text editor. | |
| #Program evaluates nth power of a number
reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" $n=ask "enter number for n and click OK" fontsize 28 print ($i^$n) spritehide |
Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
| Let me zoom into the program text. | |
| Explain the program. | |
| Highlight # | # sign comments a line written after it. |
| Highlight reset | reset command sets Turtle to default position. |
| Highlight $i and $n | $i and $n are variables to store user input. |
| Highlight ask | “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variables. |
| Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print.
Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. |
| Highlight print ($i^$n) | print ($i^$n) calculates & prints nth power of a number. |
| Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
| Run the program code | Let's run the program.
Let's enter '5' for i, and click OK Let's enter '4' for n, and click OK 5^4=625 is displayed on the canvas. |
| Next, let's use inbuilt “sqrt” function in a program to find square root of a number. | |
| #Program finds square root of a positive number
reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" fontsize 28 print sqrt $i spritehide |
Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
| Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
| Let me explain the code now. | |
| Highlight # | # sign comments a line written after it . |
| Highlight reset | reset command sets Turtle to default position. |
| Highlight $i | $i is a variable to store user input. |
| Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. |
| Highlight print sqrt $i | print sqrt $i prints square root of a number. |
| Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
| Run the program code | Let me run the program now.
Let's enter '169' for i, and click OK square root of 169 = 13, is displayed on canvas. |
| Run the program code | Let's run again,
let's enter -169 for i and click OK. If we enter negative number, output is 'nan' it means not a number. As square root of negative number is not a real number. |
| Let's next evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program. | |
| #Program to find cube root of a positive number
reset $i= ask "enter a number for i and click OK" $C=($i)^(1/3) fontsize 28 print $C spritehide |
Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
| Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
| Let me explain the program. | |
| Highlight # | # sign comments a line.
Please note this is a single line comment. Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign. |
| Highlight reset | reset command sets the Turtle to default position. |
| Highlight $i and $C | $i and $C are variables to store user input. |
| Highlight $C=($i)^(1/3) | $C=($i)^(1/3) calculates cube root of a number. |
| Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. |
| Highlight print $C | print $C prints cube root of a number. |
| Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
| Run the program | Let's Run the program
Let's enter 343 for i and click OK cube root of 343 = 7 is be displayed on canvas. |
| With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
let us summarize. | |
| Slide number 8
Summary |
In this tutorial, we have learnt
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| Slide Number 9
Assignment |
As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ...
|
| Slide number 10
Acknowledgement |
Watch the video available at this URL
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| Slide Number 11 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| Slide number 12 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]. This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining. |
