Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Programming-Concepts/English"
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+ | Title of the tutorial: Programming-Concepts | ||
+ | |||
+ | Author: Madhuri Ganpathi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Key words: Variables, print command, canvas, Comment a line, sprite, spritehide, spriteshow, clear, video tutorial. | ||
+ | |||
{|border =1 | {|border =1 | ||
!Visual Cue | !Visual Cue | ||
Line 4: | Line 10: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 1 | ||Slide Number 1 | ||
− | || | + | ||Hello Everybody. |
− | + | ||
− | + | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Programming concepts''' in '''KTurtle'''. | |
− | Hello Everybody. | + | |
− | Welcome to this tutorial on Programming concepts in KTurtle. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 2 | ||Slide Number 2 | ||
− | Learning Objectives | + | |
+ | '''Learning Objectives''' | ||
|| | || | ||
In this tutorial, we will learn how to | In this tutorial, we will learn how to | ||
Line 18: | Line 23: | ||
* Write a program in KTurtle | * Write a program in KTurtle | ||
− | *Use variables to store user input | + | * Use variables to store user input |
− | *Use print command to print on canvas | + | * Use print command to print on canvas |
− | *Comment a line | + | * Comment a line |
|- | |- | ||
|| Slide Number 3 | || Slide Number 3 | ||
− | System Requirement | + | '''System Requirement''' |
Line 38: | Line 43: | ||
||Slide number 4 | ||Slide number 4 | ||
− | Pre-requisites | + | '''Pre-requisites''' |
|| | || | ||
− | We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle. | + | We assume that you have basic working knowledge of '''KTurtle. ''' |
+ | |||
If not, | If not, | ||
− | + | ||
− | http://spoken-tutorial.org. | + | for relevant tutorials, please visit our website, |
+ | |||
+ | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org. ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | + | ||Before proceeding, we will discuss some basic information about '''KTurtle'''. | |
− | ||Before proceeding, we will discuss some basic information about KTurtle. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 5 | ||Slide Number 5 | ||
− | Sprite | + | |
− | ||Turtle displayed on the canvas is called sprite. | + | '''Sprite ''' |
− | Sprite is a small image that moves around the screen. | + | ||"Turtle" displayed on the canvas is called "sprite". |
+ | |||
+ | "Sprite" is a small image that moves around the screen. | ||
+ | |||
e.g. Cursor is a sprite. | e.g. Cursor is a sprite. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 6 | ||Slide Number 6 | ||
− | sprite Commands | + | |
− | || | + | '''sprite Commands''' |
− | + | ||"spritehide" command hides '''Turtle''' from canvas. | |
− | + | ||
+ | "spriteshow" command shows '''Turtle''' if it is hidden. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "clear" command cleans all drawings from canvas. | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide Number 7 | ||
+ | Symbols | ||
+ | ||In '''KTurtle''', | ||
+ | "$ " sign is a container of variables. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "^"(caret) raises the power of the number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Switch to '''Kturtle''' Application | ||
+ | '''Dash home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||Let's open new '''KTurtle''' Application | ||
+ | Click on '''Dash home''' >> '''Media Apps'''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Under Type, Choose Education''' and '''KTurtle'''. | ||
+ | '''KTurtle''' application opens. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' >> open the '''terminal''' >>type kturtle >>press enter to open | ||
+ | ||We can also open '''KTurtle''' using '''terminal'''. | ||
+ | Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the terminal. | ||
+ | Type '''KTurtle''' and press enter, '''KTurtle''' Application opens. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me type and explain the program code. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me zoom into the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''#program to find square of a number''' | ||
+ | Highlight # | ||
+ | ||'''#program to find square of a number'''. Press enter | ||
+ | |||
+ | "#" sign comments a line written after it. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''reset''' | ||
+ | Highlight reset | ||
+ | ||'''reset''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | reset command sets Turtle to default position. Press enter. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''$i= ask "enter any number for i and click OK" ''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Highlight $i | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | '''$i= ask''' within double quotes '''enter any number for i and click OK'''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "$i" is a variable to store user input. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''"ask"''' | ||
+ | ||'''“ask”''' command asks for user input to be stored in variable | ||
+ | press enter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Highlight '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | ||'''“fontsize”''' space '''28''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print. | ||
+ | Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''print $i*$i''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Highlight '''print $i*$i''' | ||
+ | ||'''print $i*$i''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''print $i*$i''' calculates and prints square of a number. | ||
+ | press enter. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''spritehide''' | ||
+ | Highlight '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | ||'''spritehide''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Run the program code | ||
+ | ||Let us Run the program now. | ||
+ | Click on '''Run''' button on the toolbar to start execution of the code in the editor. | ||
+ | It shows a list of execution speeds. | ||
+ | '''Full speed(no highlighting and inspector)''' | ||
+ | '''Full speed''', | ||
+ | '''slow''', | ||
+ | '''slower''', | ||
+ | '''slowest''' and | ||
+ | '''step-by-step'''. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Enter '15' for i | ||
+ | |||
+ | Square of 15 =225 | ||
+ | ||Let me run the code at '''slow''' speed. | ||
+ | An "input bar" appears | ||
+ | let's enter 15 for i and click OK | ||
+ | square of '15' = '225' is displayed on the canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a program. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||I already have program in a text editor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''#Program evaluates nth power of a number | ||
+ | '''reset''' | ||
+ | '''$i= ask "enter number for i and click OK"''' | ||
+ | '''$n=ask "enter number for n and click OK"''' | ||
+ | '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | '''print ($i^$n)''' | ||
+ | '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | ||Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's''' editor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me zoom into the program text. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Explain the program. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight # | ||
+ | ||# sign comments a line written after it. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''reset''' | ||
+ | ||'''reset''' command sets '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''$i''' and '''$n''' | ||
+ | ||'''$i''' and '''$n''' are variables to store user input. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''ask''' | ||
+ | ||'''“ask”''' command asks for user input to be stored in variables. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | ||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print. | ||
+ | Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''print ($i^$n)''' | ||
+ | ||'''print ($i^$n)''' calculates & prints nth power of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | ||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Run the program code | ||
+ | ||Let's run the program. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let's enter '5' for i, and click OK | ||
+ | Let's enter '4' for n, and click OK | ||
+ | 5^4=625 is displayed on the canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Next, let's use inbuilt '''“sqrt”''' function in a program to find square root of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''#Program finds square root of a positive number''' | ||
+ | '''reset''' | ||
+ | '''$i= ask "enter number for i and click OK"''' | ||
+ | '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | '''print sqrt $i''' | ||
+ | '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into ''' KTurtle's''' editor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me explain the code now. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight # | ||
+ | ||# sign comments a line written after it . | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''reset''' | ||
+ | ||'''reset''' command sets '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''$i''' | ||
+ | ||'''$i''' is a variable to store user input. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | ||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight''' print sqrt $i''' | ||
+ | ||'''print sqrt $i''' prints square root of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | ||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Run the program code''' | ||
+ | ||Let me run the program now. | ||
+ | Let's enter '169' for i, and click OK | ||
+ | square root of 169 = 13, | ||
+ | is displayed on canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Run the program code''' | ||
+ | ||Let's run again, | ||
+ | let's enter -169 for i and click OK. | ||
+ | If we enter negative number, | ||
+ | output is ''''nan'''' it means not a number. | ||
+ | As square root of negative number is not a real number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let's next evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''#Program to find cube root of a positive number''' | ||
+ | '''reset''' | ||
+ | '''$i= ask "enter a number for i and click OK"''' | ||
+ | '''$C=($i)^(1/3)''' | ||
+ | '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | '''print $C''' | ||
+ | '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into ''' KTurtle's''' editor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Please pause the tutorial here and copy the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||Let me explain the program. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight # | ||
+ | ||# sign comments a line. | ||
+ | Please note this is a single line comment. | ||
+ | Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''reset''' | ||
+ | ||'''reset''' command sets the '''Turtle''' to '''default''' position. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''$i''' and '''$C''' | ||
+ | ||'''$i''' and '''$C''' are variables to store user input. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''$C=($i)^(1/3)''' | ||
+ | ||'''$C=($i)^(1/3)''' calculates cube root of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''fontsize 28''' | ||
+ | ||'''fontsize 28''' sets the font size used by print. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''print $C''' | ||
+ | ||'''print $C''' prints cube root of a number. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Highlight '''spritehide''' | ||
+ | ||'''spritehide''' hides '''Turtle''' from canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Run the program''' | ||
+ | ||Let's Run the program | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let's enter 343 for i and click OK | ||
+ | cube root of 343 = 7 | ||
+ | is be displayed on canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | ||With this we have come to the end of this tutorial. | ||
+ | let us summarize. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide number 8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Summary''' | ||
+ | ||In this tutorial, we have learnt | ||
+ | * Programming concepts | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Use of sqrt function | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Use of print command | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Using KTurtle editor and canvas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide Number 9 | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Assignment''' | ||
+ | ||As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ... | ||
+ | * Cube of a number | ||
+ | |||
+ | * nth root of a number | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide number 10 | ||
+ | '''Acknowledgement''' | ||
+ | ||Watch the video available at this URL | ||
+ | |||
+ | http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial | ||
+ | |||
+ | It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide Number 11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details, please write to | ||
+ | |||
+ | contact@spoken-tutorial.org | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Slide number 12 | ||
+ | ||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. | ||
+ | More information on this Mission is available at this link | ||
+ | http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off. | ||
+ | Thank you for joining. | ||
|- | |- |
Latest revision as of 15:48, 18 December 2013
Title of the tutorial: Programming-Concepts
Author: Madhuri Ganpathi
Key words: Variables, print command, canvas, Comment a line, sprite, spritehide, spriteshow, clear, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
---|---|
Slide Number 1 | Hello Everybody.
Welcome to this tutorial on Programming concepts in KTurtle. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn how to
|
Slide Number 3
System Requirement
|
To record this tutorial, I am using,
Ubuntu Linux OS Version 11.10. KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta. |
Slide number 4
Pre-requisites |
We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle. If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website, |
Before proceeding, we will discuss some basic information about KTurtle. | |
Slide Number 5
Sprite |
"Turtle" displayed on the canvas is called "sprite".
"Sprite" is a small image that moves around the screen. e.g. Cursor is a sprite. |
Slide Number 6
sprite Commands |
"spritehide" command hides Turtle from canvas.
"spriteshow" command shows Turtle if it is hidden. "clear" command cleans all drawings from canvas. |
Slide Number 7
Symbols |
In KTurtle,
"$ " sign is a container of variables. "*"(asterisk) is used for multiplication of two numbers. "^"(caret) raises the power of the number. "#"(hash) sign comments a line written after it. "sqrt" is an inbuilt function to find square root of a number. |
Switch to Kturtle Application
Dash home >>Media Apps>>Under Type >>Education>>KTurtle |
Let's open new KTurtle Application
Click on Dash home >> Media Apps. Under Type, Choose Education and KTurtle. KTurtle application opens. |
Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal >>type kturtle >>press enter to open | We can also open KTurtle using terminal.
Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the terminal. Type KTurtle and press enter, KTurtle Application opens. |
Let me type and explain the program code. | |
Let me zoom into the program text, it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
#program to find square of a number
Highlight # |
#program to find square of a number. Press enter
"#" sign comments a line written after it. This means, this line will not be executed while running the program. Press enter. |
reset
Highlight reset |
reset
reset command sets Turtle to default position. Press enter. |
$i= ask "enter any number for i and click OK"
Highlight $i |
$i= ask within double quotes enter any number for i and click OK. "$i" is a variable to store user input. |
Highlight "ask" | “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variable
press enter |
fontsize 28
Highlight fontsize 28 |
“fontsize” space 28
fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. |
print $i*$i
Highlight print $i*$i |
print $i*$i
print $i*$i calculates and prints square of a number. press enter. |
spritehide
Highlight spritehide |
spritehide
spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
Run the program code | Let us Run the program now.
Click on Run button on the toolbar to start execution of the code in the editor. It shows a list of execution speeds. Full speed(no highlighting and inspector) Full speed, slow, slower, slowest and step-by-step. |
Enter '15' for i
Square of 15 =225 |
Let me run the code at slow speed.
An "input bar" appears let's enter 15 for i and click OK square of '15' = '225' is displayed on the canvas. |
Let's now learn to find nth power of a number through a program. | |
I already have program in a text editor. | |
#Program evaluates nth power of a number
reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" $n=ask "enter number for n and click OK" fontsize 28 print ($i^$n) spritehide |
Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
Let me zoom into the program text. | |
Explain the program. | |
Highlight # | # sign comments a line written after it. |
Highlight reset | reset command sets Turtle to default position. |
Highlight $i and $n | $i and $n are variables to store user input. |
Highlight ask | “ask” command asks for user input to be stored in variables. |
Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print.
Fontsize takes number as input, set in pixels. |
Highlight print ($i^$n) | print ($i^$n) calculates & prints nth power of a number. |
Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
Run the program code | Let's run the program.
Let's enter '5' for i, and click OK Let's enter '4' for n, and click OK 5^4=625 is displayed on the canvas. |
Next, let's use inbuilt “sqrt” function in a program to find square root of a number. | |
#Program finds square root of a positive number
reset $i= ask "enter number for i and click OK" fontsize 28 print sqrt $i spritehide |
Let me copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
Let me zoom the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
Let me explain the code now. | |
Highlight # | # sign comments a line written after it . |
Highlight reset | reset command sets Turtle to default position. |
Highlight $i | $i is a variable to store user input. |
Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. |
Highlight print sqrt $i | print sqrt $i prints square root of a number. |
Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
Run the program code | Let me run the program now.
Let's enter '169' for i, and click OK square root of 169 = 13, is displayed on canvas. |
Run the program code | Let's run again,
let's enter -169 for i and click OK. If we enter negative number, output is 'nan' it means not a number. As square root of negative number is not a real number. |
Let's next evaluate Cube root of a positive number through a program. | |
#Program to find cube root of a positive number
reset $i= ask "enter a number for i and click OK" $C=($i)^(1/3) fontsize 28 print $C spritehide |
Let me copy the program from editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
|
Let me zoom into the program text it may possibly be a little blurred. | |
Let me explain the program. | |
Highlight # | # sign comments a line.
Please note this is a single line comment. Every comment must be preceeded by a # sign. |
Highlight reset | reset command sets the Turtle to default position. |
Highlight $i and $C | $i and $C are variables to store user input. |
Highlight $C=($i)^(1/3) | $C=($i)^(1/3) calculates cube root of a number. |
Highlight fontsize 28 | fontsize 28 sets the font size used by print. |
Highlight print $C | print $C prints cube root of a number. |
Highlight spritehide | spritehide hides Turtle from canvas. |
Run the program | Let's Run the program
Let's enter 343 for i and click OK cube root of 343 = 7 is be displayed on canvas. |
With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.
let us summarize. | |
Slide number 8
Summary |
In this tutorial, we have learnt
|
Slide Number 9
Assignment |
As an assignment, I would like you to use basic programming commands to find ...
|
Slide number 10
Acknowledgement |
Watch the video available at this URL
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
Slide Number 11 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
Slide number 12 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]. This is Madhuri Ganpathi, from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining. |