Difference between revisions of "GChemPaint/C2/Formation-of-Bonds/English"
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | Title of the tutorial: Formation-of-Bonds | ||
+ | |||
+ | Author: Madhuri Ganapathi | ||
+ | |||
+ | Key words: Video tutorial, Add bonds to the existing bond, Orient bonds, Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes | ||
+ | GChemPaint tools- Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one, Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond. | ||
+ | |||
{|border=1 | {|border=1 | ||
!'''Visual Cue''' | !'''Visual Cue''' | ||
Line 13: | Line 20: | ||
'''Learning Objectives''' | '''Learning Objectives''' | ||
− | ||In this tutorial, we will learn | + | ||In this tutorial, we will learn to, |
* Add bonds to the existing bond | * Add bonds to the existing bond | ||
Line 19: | Line 26: | ||
* Orient the bonds | * Orient the bonds | ||
− | * Add Stereochemical bonds | + | * Add Stereochemical bonds and |
* Inverse wedge hashes | * Inverse wedge hashes | ||
Line 50: | Line 57: | ||
||Let's copy '''Ethane''' structure and paste it twice on the '''Display area'''. | ||Let's copy '''Ethane''' structure and paste it twice on the '''Display area'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool | + | ||Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool click on '''Ethane''' to select it. |
− | ||Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool | + | ||Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool click on '''Ethane''' structure to select it. |
|- | |- | ||
||Press '''CTRL +C''' to copy the structure | ||Press '''CTRL +C''' to copy the structure | ||
− | Press '''CTRL + V''' to paste the | + | Press '''CTRL + V''' to paste the structures. |
− | ||Press '''CTRL +C''' to copy the structure | + | ||Press '''CTRL +C''' to copy the structure and |
− | Press '''CTRL + V''' to paste the | + | Press '''CTRL + V''' to paste the structures. |
Observe that two structures overlap each other. | Observe that two structures overlap each other. | ||
Line 71: | Line 78: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | ||Let's first convert | + | ||Let's first convert single bond to a double bond. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool. | + | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one''' tool. |
− | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool. | + | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one''' tool. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on the existing bond of the second '''Ethane''' structure. | ||Click on the existing bond of the second '''Ethane''' structure. | ||
Line 89: | Line 96: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | ||Next let's convert | + | ||Next let's convert the single bond to a triple bond. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on the existing bond of the third '''Ethane''' structure twice. | ||Click on the existing bond of the third '''Ethane''' structure twice. | ||
Line 104: | Line 111: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Add or modify a text''' tool >>Click below the structures. | ||Click on '''Add or modify a text''' tool >>Click below the structures. | ||
− | ||Let's | + | ||Let's write the names of the structures. |
Click on '''Add or modify a text''' tool | Click on '''Add or modify a text''' tool | ||
Line 110: | Line 117: | ||
Click below the structures. | Click below the structures. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Enter the names | + | ||Enter the names. |
− | ||Enter the names of the structures as '''Ethane, Ethene''' and '''Ethyne''' | + | ||Enter the names of the structures as '''Ethane, Ethene''' and '''Ethyne'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | || | + | || |
− | + | ||
||Next, let's learn about '''Tetrahedral geometry'''. | ||Next, let's learn about '''Tetrahedral geometry'''. | ||
− | Here is a slide for the '''Tetrahedral Methane''' structure. | + | |- |
+ | ||Press '''CTRL+A''' to select all objects>> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool and drag the structures. | ||
+ | ||Let's move the structures to a side. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Press '''CTRL+A''' to select all objects. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Click on '''Select one or more objects''' tool and drag the structures. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Slide Number 5''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Show slide on '''Tetrahedral Methane''' structure. | ||
+ | ||Here is a slide for the '''Tetrahedral Methane''' structure. | ||
+ | |||
+ | All the bond lengths are equal to 1.09 '''angstrom'''. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||'''Tetrahedral structure'''(animation) | ||
+ | ||In '''Tetrahedral methane''' structure, | ||
+ | |||
+ | all the bond angles are equal to 109.5 degree. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | ||Now, let's draw ''' Ethane''' structure. | + | ||Now, let's draw '''Tetrahedral''' ''' Ethane''' structure. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool>>Orient the bond in horizontal direction. | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool>>Orient the bond in horizontal direction. | ||
− | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool | + | ||Click on '''Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one''' tool. |
+ | |||
+ | Click on the '''Display area.''' | ||
Orient the bond in horizontal direction. | Orient the bond in horizontal direction. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the bond | ||Point to the bond | ||
− | ||On | + | ||On each edge of the bond let's draw three bonds. |
Orient the bonds to form a '''Tetrahedral geometry'''. | Orient the bonds to form a '''Tetrahedral geometry'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Click on | + | ||Click on each edge>>orient the three bonds in different directions. |
− | ||Click on | + | ||Click on each edge. |
Then orient the three bonds in different directions. | Then orient the three bonds in different directions. | ||
− | Likewise let's draw | + | Likewise let's draw on the other edge. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
||Let's attach hydrogen atoms at the ends. | ||Let's attach hydrogen atoms at the ends. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Press capital H >>a '''Submenu''' opens select H | + | ||Press capital H >>a '''Submenu''' opens select '''H''' |
− | To attach | + | ||To attach '''Hydrogen''' atoms to the ends, |
− | + | Press capital '''H.''' | |
− | A submenu opens in which we will select H. | + | A submenu opens in which we will select '''H'''. |
− | Observe that Hydrogen atom appears in the tool box. | + | Observe that '''Hydrogen''' atom appears in the tool box. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool | ||Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool | ||
− | Click on all the positions to add | + | Click on all the positions to add '''hydrogen''' atoms. |
||Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool. | ||Click on '''Add or modify an atom''' tool. | ||
− | Click on all the positions to add | + | Click on all the positions to add '''hydrogen''' atoms. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | || | + | ||Now let's add '''Stereochemical''' bonds to '''Ethane''' structure. |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the '''Stereochemical''' bonds- | ||Point to the '''Stereochemical''' bonds- | ||
− | |||
− | '''Add a | + | * '''Add a wedge bond''', |
− | '''Add a | + | * '''Add a hash bond''', |
− | '''Add a fore bond.''' | + | * '''Add a squiggle bond''' and |
+ | |||
+ | * '''Add a fore bond.''' | ||
||'''Stereochemical''' bonds available in the tool box are, | ||'''Stereochemical''' bonds available in the tool box are, | ||
− | |||
− | '''Add a hash bond,''' | + | * '''Add a wedge bond,''' |
+ | |||
+ | * '''Add a hash bond,''' | ||
− | '''Add a squiggle bond''' and | + | * '''Add a squiggle bond''' and |
− | '''Add a fore bond'''. | + | * '''Add a fore bond'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | ||Let's use Add a wedge bond to convert Ethane to a | + | ||Let's use '''Add a wedge bond''' to convert '''Ethane''' to a "Stereochemical" structure. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Add a wedge bond'''. | ||Click on '''Add a wedge bond'''. | ||
Line 186: | Line 216: | ||
Click on '''Add a wedge bond'''. | Click on '''Add a wedge bond'''. | ||
− | + | Then click on all the bonds. | |
Observe the changes. | Observe the changes. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Click on '''Add a hash bond'''>>click on the Display area. | ||
+ | ||Click on '''Add a hash bond''' and | ||
+ | then click on the '''Display area'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | || | + | ||Now I will explain about '''Invert wedge hashes'''. |
− | Now I will explain about Invert wedge hashes. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
||Go '''Edit''' menu, navigate to '''Preferences''' and click on it>> '''GChemPaint''' '''Preferences''' window opens. | ||Go '''Edit''' menu, navigate to '''Preferences''' and click on it>> '''GChemPaint''' '''Preferences''' window opens. | ||
||Go '''Edit''' menu, navigate to '''Preferences''' and click on it. | ||Go '''Edit''' menu, navigate to '''Preferences''' and click on it. | ||
+ | |||
'''GChemPaint Preferences''' window opens. | '''GChemPaint Preferences''' window opens. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Click on ''' | + | ||Click on '''Invert wedge hashes''' checkbox. |
− | ||Click on ''' | + | ||Click on '''Invert wedge hashes''' checkbox. |
|- | |- | ||
||Point to the structure. | ||Point to the structure. | ||
− | ||If set, the wedge hashes bonds will follow the usual convention. | + | ||If set, the '''wedge hashes''' bonds will follow the usual convention. |
− | Narrow end is at the start of the bond | + | Narrow end is at the start of the bond and broad end at the other end. |
This helps to visualize the bond correctly. | This helps to visualize the bond correctly. | ||
− | Default convention in GChemPaint is inverse, because it is more consistent with perspective rules. | + | Default convention in '''GChemPaint''' is inverse, because it is more consistent with the perspective rules. |
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Click on '''Close''' button to close the window. | ||
+ | ||Let's click on '''Close''' button to close the window. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
Line 220: | Line 257: | ||
Click on all the bonds. | Click on all the bonds. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | ||Let's save | + | ||Let's now save the file. |
|- | |- | ||
||Click on '''Save the current file''' icon on the toolbar. | ||Click on '''Save the current file''' icon on the toolbar. | ||
Line 234: | Line 269: | ||
||Enter the file name as '''Formation of bond''' >>click on Save button. | ||Enter the file name as '''Formation of bond''' >>click on Save button. | ||
||Enter the file name as Formation of bond and then click on Save button. | ||Enter the file name as Formation of bond and then click on Save button. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | || | + | ||Let's summarise. |
− | Let's summarise. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
||'''Slide Number 6''' | ||'''Slide Number 6''' | ||
'''Summary''' | '''Summary''' | ||
− | ||In this tutorial we have learnt, | + | ||In this tutorial we have learnt to, |
* Add bonds to the existing bond | * Add bonds to the existing bond | ||
Line 251: | Line 282: | ||
* Orient the bonds | * Orient the bonds | ||
− | * Add Stereochemical bonds | + | * Add Stereochemical bonds and |
* Inverse wedge hashes | * Inverse wedge hashes | ||
Line 258: | Line 289: | ||
'''Assignment''' | '''Assignment''' | ||
− | || | + | ||As an assignment, |
* Convert Propane to Propyne | * Convert Propane to Propyne | ||
− | * Draw Propane and butane structures | + | * Draw Propane and butane structures |
− | *Show the stereochemical bonds. | + | * Show the stereochemical bonds. |
− | + | Your completed assignment should look like this. | |
|- | |- |
Latest revision as of 17:52, 18 December 2013
Title of the tutorial: Formation-of-Bonds
Author: Madhuri Ganapathi
Key words: Video tutorial, Add bonds to the existing bond, Orient bonds, Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes GChemPaint tools- Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one, Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond.
Visual Cue | Narration |
---|---|
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Hello everyone.
Welcome the tutorial on Formation of bonds in GChemPaint. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn to,
|
Slide Number 3
System Requirement |
Here I am using
Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04 GChemPaint version 0.12.10 |
Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites |
To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,
GChemPaint chemical structure editor. If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
Switch to GChemPaint application. | I have opened a new GChemPaint application with Ethane structure. |
Let's learn to convert Saturated Hydrocarbons to Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. | |
Point to the Ethane structure. | Let's copy Ethane structure and paste it twice on the Display area. |
Click on Select one or more objects tool click on Ethane to select it. | Click on Select one or more objects tool click on Ethane structure to select it. |
Press CTRL +C to copy the structure
Press CTRL + V to paste the structures. |
Press CTRL +C to copy the structure and
Press CTRL + V to paste the structures. Observe that two structures overlap each other. |
Place the cursor on the structure >>drag it with the mouse. | Let's move the second overlapping structure aside.
Place the cursor on the structure and drag it with the mouse. |
Point to the bonds. | Observe the single bond between the carbon atoms in the structures. |
Let's first convert single bond to a double bond. | |
Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one tool. | Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one tool. |
Click on the existing bond of the second Ethane structure. | Click on the existing bond of the second Ethane structure. |
Point to the structure.
Point to the hydrogen atoms. |
Observe that 1) Single bond is converted to a double bond.
2)Number of Hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 4. The new structure is Ethene. |
Next let's convert the single bond to a triple bond. | |
Click on the existing bond of the third Ethane structure twice. | Click on the existing bond of the third Ethane structure twice. |
Point to the structure.
Point to the Hydrogen atoms. |
Observe that 1) Single bond is converted to a triple bond.
2)Number of hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 2. The new structure is Ethyne. |
Click on Add or modify a text tool >>Click below the structures. | Let's write the names of the structures.
Click on Add or modify a text tool Click below the structures. |
Enter the names. | Enter the names of the structures as Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne. |
Next, let's learn about Tetrahedral geometry. | |
Press CTRL+A to select all objects>>
Click on Select one or more objects tool and drag the structures. |
Let's move the structures to a side.
Press CTRL+A to select all objects. Click on Select one or more objects tool and drag the structures. |
Slide Number 5
Show slide on Tetrahedral Methane structure. |
Here is a slide for the Tetrahedral Methane structure.
All the bond lengths are equal to 1.09 angstrom. |
Tetrahedral structure(animation) | In Tetrahedral methane structure,
all the bond angles are equal to 109.5 degree. |
Now, let's draw Tetrahedral Ethane structure. | |
Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool>>Orient the bond in horizontal direction. | Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool.
Click on the Display area. Orient the bond in horizontal direction. |
Point to the bond | On each edge of the bond let's draw three bonds.
Orient the bonds to form a Tetrahedral geometry. |
Click on each edge>>orient the three bonds in different directions. | Click on each edge.
Then orient the three bonds in different directions. Likewise let's draw on the other edge. |
Let's attach hydrogen atoms at the ends. | |
Press capital H >>a Submenu opens select H | To attach Hydrogen atoms to the ends,
Press capital H. A submenu opens in which we will select H. Observe that Hydrogen atom appears in the tool box. |
Click on Add or modify an atom tool
Click on all the positions to add hydrogen atoms. |
Click on Add or modify an atom tool.
Click on all the positions to add hydrogen atoms. |
Now let's add Stereochemical bonds to Ethane structure. | |
Point to the Stereochemical bonds-
|
Stereochemical bonds available in the tool box are,
|
Let's use Add a wedge bond to convert Ethane to a "Stereochemical" structure. | |
Click on Add a wedge bond.
Click on all the bonds. |
Click on Add a wedge bond. Then click on all the bonds. Observe the changes. |
Click on Add a hash bond>>click on the Display area. | Click on Add a hash bond and
then click on the Display area. |
Now I will explain about Invert wedge hashes. | |
Go Edit menu, navigate to Preferences and click on it>> GChemPaint Preferences window opens. | Go Edit menu, navigate to Preferences and click on it.
GChemPaint Preferences window opens. |
Click on Invert wedge hashes checkbox. | Click on Invert wedge hashes checkbox. |
Point to the structure. | If set, the wedge hashes bonds will follow the usual convention.
Narrow end is at the start of the bond and broad end at the other end. This helps to visualize the bond correctly. Default convention in GChemPaint is inverse, because it is more consistent with the perspective rules. |
Click on Close button to close the window. | Let's click on Close button to close the window. |
Let's change the bonds to Add a hash bond in the Ethane structure. | |
Click on Add a hash bond.
Click on all the bonds. |
Click on Add a hash bond Click on all the bonds. |
Let's now save the file. | |
Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar. | Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar |
Save as dialog box opens. | Save as dialog box opens. |
Enter the file name as Formation of bond >>click on Save button. | Enter the file name as Formation of bond and then click on Save button. |
Let's summarise. | |
Slide Number 6
Summary |
In this tutorial we have learnt to,
|
Slide Number 7
Assignment |
As an assignment,
Your completed assignment should look like this. |
Slide Number 8
Acknowledgement |
Watch the video available at this URL.
http://spoken-tutorial.org /What_a_Spoken_Tutorial It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
Slide Number 11 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
Slide number 12 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro Animation is done by Udhaya Chandrika. This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining. |