GChemPaint/C2/Formation-of-Bonds/English

Title of the tutorial: Formation-of-Bonds

Author: Madhuri Ganapathi

Key words: Video tutorial, Add bonds to the existing bond, Orient bonds, Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes GChemPaint tools- Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one, Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond.

Visual Cue	Narration
Slide Number 1 Title Slide	Hello everyone. Welcome the tutorial on Formation of bonds in GChemPaint.
Slide Number 2 Learning Objectives	In this tutorial, we will learn to, Add bonds to the existing bond Orient the bonds Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes
Slide Number 3 System Requirement	Here I am using Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04 GChemPaint version 0.12.10
Slide Number 4 Pre-requisites	To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with, GChemPaint chemical structure editor. If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
Switch to GChemPaint application.	I have opened a new GChemPaint application with Ethane structure.
	Let's learn to convert Saturated Hydrocarbons to Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Point to the Ethane structure.	Let's copy Ethane structure and paste it twice on the Display area.
Click on Select one or more objects tool click on Ethane to select it.	Click on Select one or more objects tool click on Ethane structure to select it.
Press CTRL +C to copy the structure Press CTRL + V to paste the structures.	Press CTRL +C to copy the structure and Press CTRL + V to paste the structures. Observe that two structures overlap each other.
Place the cursor on the structure >>drag it with the mouse.	Let's move the second overlapping structure aside. Place the cursor on the structure and drag it with the mouse.
Point to the bonds.	Observe the single bond between the carbon atoms in the structures.
	Let's first convert single bond to a double bond.
Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one tool.	Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of an existing one tool.
Click on the existing bond of the second Ethane structure.	Click on the existing bond of the second Ethane structure.
Point to the structure. Point to the hydrogen atoms.	Observe that 1) Single bond is converted to a double bond. 2)Number of Hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 4. The new structure is Ethene.
	Next let's convert the single bond to a triple bond.
Click on the existing bond of the third Ethane structure twice.	Click on the existing bond of the third Ethane structure twice.
Point to the structure. Point to the Hydrogen atoms.	Observe that 1) Single bond is converted to a triple bond. 2)Number of hydrogen atoms reduced from 6 to 2. The new structure is Ethyne.
Click on Add or modify a text tool >>Click below the structures.	Let's write the names of the structures. Click on Add or modify a text tool Click below the structures.
Enter the names.	Enter the names of the structures as Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne.
	Next, let's learn about Tetrahedral geometry.
Press CTRL+A to select all objects>> Click on Select one or more objects tool and drag the structures.	Let's move the structures to a side. Press CTRL+A to select all objects. Click on Select one or more objects tool and drag the structures.
Slide Number 5 Show slide on Tetrahedral Methane structure.	Here is a slide for the Tetrahedral Methane structure. All the bond lengths are equal to 1.09 angstrom.
Tetrahedral structure(animation)	In Tetrahedral methane structure, all the bond angles are equal to 109.5 degree.
	Now, let's draw Tetrahedral Ethane structure.
Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool>>Orient the bond in horizontal direction.	Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool. Click on the Display area. Orient the bond in horizontal direction.
Point to the bond	On each edge of the bond let's draw three bonds. Orient the bonds to form a Tetrahedral geometry.
Click on each edge>>orient the three bonds in different directions.	Click on each edge. Then orient the three bonds in different directions. Likewise let's draw on the other edge.
	Let's attach hydrogen atoms at the ends.
Press capital H >>a Submenu opens select H	To attach Hydrogen atoms to the ends, Press capital H. A submenu opens in which we will select H. Observe that Hydrogen atom appears in the tool box.
Click on Add or modify an atom tool Click on all the positions to add hydrogen atoms.	Click on Add or modify an atom tool. Click on all the positions to add hydrogen atoms.
	Now let's add Stereochemical bonds to Ethane structure.
Point to the Stereochemical bonds- Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond.	Stereochemical bonds available in the tool box are, Add a wedge bond, Add a hash bond, Add a squiggle bond and Add a fore bond.
	Let's use Add a wedge bond to convert Ethane to a "Stereochemical" structure.
Click on Add a wedge bond. Click on all the bonds.	Click on Add a wedge bond. Then click on all the bonds. Observe the changes.
Click on Add a hash bond>>click on the Display area.	Click on Add a hash bond and then click on the Display area.
	Now I will explain about Invert wedge hashes.
Go Edit menu, navigate to Preferences and click on it>> GChemPaint Preferences window opens.	Go Edit menu, navigate to Preferences and click on it. GChemPaint Preferences window opens.
Click on Invert wedge hashes checkbox.	Click on Invert wedge hashes checkbox.
Point to the structure.	If set, the wedge hashes bonds will follow the usual convention. Narrow end is at the start of the bond and broad end at the other end. This helps to visualize the bond correctly. Default convention in GChemPaint is inverse, because it is more consistent with the perspective rules.
Click on Close button to close the window.	Let's click on Close button to close the window.
	Let's change the bonds to Add a hash bond in the Ethane structure.
Click on Add a hash bond. Click on all the bonds.	Click on Add a hash bond Click on all the bonds.
	Let's now save the file.
Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar.	Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar
Save as dialog box opens.	Save as dialog box opens.
Enter the file name as Formation of bond >>click on Save button.	Enter the file name as Formation of bond and then click on Save button.
	Let's summarise.
Slide Number 6 Summary	In this tutorial we have learnt to, Add bonds to the existing bond Orient the bonds Add Stereochemical bonds and Inverse wedge hashes
Slide Number 7 Assignment	As an assignment, Convert Propane to Propyne Draw Propane and butane structures Show the stereochemical bonds. Your completed assignment should look like this.
Slide Number 8 Acknowledgement	Watch the video available at this URL. http://spoken-tutorial.org /What_a_Spoken_Tutorial It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
Slide Number 11	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
Slide number 12	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro Animation is done by Udhaya Chandrika. This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig