Difference between revisions of "R/C2/Introduction-to-RStudio/English"
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| − | + | '''Title of script''': Introduction to R Studio | |
| − | + | '''Authors''': Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay) | |
| − | + | '''Keywords''': R, RStudio, workspace, console, packages, video tutorial | |
| − | + | {| border =1 | |
| − | {| | + | |'''Visual Cue''' |
| − | + | |'''Narration''' | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | || Show slide | |
| − | |- | + | |
| − | || Show slide | + | |
Opening slide | Opening slide | ||
| − | || | + | || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Introduction to R Studio.''' |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
Objectives | Objectives | ||
| − | || In this tutorial, | + | || In this tutorial, you will learn about these features of '''RStudio''': |
| − | * | + | * '''Source '''and '''Console '''windows |
| − | * | + | * '''Workspace; Plots '''and '''Files '''window |
| + | * How to install '''packages''' of '''R''' | ||
| − | + | |- | |
| − | |- | + | |
|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
Pre-requisites | Pre-requisites | ||
| − | + | || To understand this tutorial, you should know: | |
| − | + | * Elementary Maths | |
| − | || To understand this tutorial, you should know: * | + | * Basic commands of''' R''' |
| − | * | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on '''R''' on this website. | If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on '''R''' on this website. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
Systems requirements | Systems requirements | ||
| − | + | || This tutorial is recorded on | |
| − | + | * '''Ubuntu Linux OS 16.04''' | |
| − | || This tutorial is recorded on* | + | * '''R '''version''' 3.2.3 ''' |
| − | * | + | * '''RStudio''' version''' 1.1.456''' |
| − | * | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
Install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher. | Install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [RStudio] | || [RStudio] | ||
RStudio window | RStudio window | ||
|| Let us switch to '''RStudio'''. | || Let us switch to '''RStudio'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Source '''window | || Highlight the '''Source '''window | ||
|| The window in the top left corner is the '''Source''' window. | || The window in the top left corner is the '''Source''' window. | ||
| − | |||
It is used to edit a '''script''' and run it. | It is used to edit a '''script''' and run it. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Console '''window | || Highlight the '''Console '''window | ||
|| The window in the bottom left corner is the '''Console''' window. | || The window in the bottom left corner is the '''Console''' window. | ||
| − | |||
It is used to install '''packages''' or to run a particular '''command'''. | It is used to install '''packages''' or to run a particular '''command'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Workspace '''window | || Highlight the '''Workspace '''window | ||
| − | |||
Highlight '''Environment''' tab | Highlight '''Environment''' tab | ||
|| The upper right window is the '''Workspace''' window. | || The upper right window is the '''Workspace''' window. | ||
| − | + | It stores all the '''variables''' used during execution of '''commands''' under the '''Environment''' tab. | |
| − | It stores all the variables used during execution of commands under the '''Environment''' tab. | + | |- |
| − | |- | + | |
|| Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows. | || Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows. | ||
| − | |||
Point to the four-headed arrow. | Point to the four-headed arrow. | ||
|| Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows. | || Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows. | ||
| − | |||
A four-headed arrow symbol appears. | A four-headed arrow symbol appears. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Drag this to resize windows for better visibility. | || Drag this to resize windows for better visibility. | ||
|| You can drag this to resize your windows for better visibility. | || You can drag this to resize your windows for better visibility. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || Let us declare some variables. | + | || Let us declare some '''variables'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Type '''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)''' in '''Console''' | || Type '''testSample <- c(1,2,3,4)''' in '''Console''' | ||
|| In the '''Console''', type '''testSample (capital S) '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space '''c. ''' | || In the '''Console''', type '''testSample (capital S) '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space '''c. ''' | ||
| − | |||
Now, in '''parentheses''', type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4. | Now, in '''parentheses''', type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4. | ||
| − | |||
Press '''Enter''' to execute this line. | Press '''Enter''' to execute this line. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''testSample''' in Environment tab | || Highlight the '''testSample''' in Environment tab | ||
| − | || You can see the | + | || You can see the '''variable testSample''' in the '''Environment '''window. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Plots '''and '''Files '''window | || Highlight the '''Plots '''and '''Files '''window | ||
|| The lower right window is the '''Plots '''and''' Files''' window. | || The lower right window is the '''Plots '''and''' Files''' window. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Files''' tab | || Highlight the '''Files''' tab | ||
| − | + | || The '''Files''' tab is used to keep track of '''Working Directories'''. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | || ''' | + | |
We will learn more about '''Working Directory''' later in this series. | We will learn more about '''Working Directory''' later in this series. | ||
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | || Highlight the '''Plots''' tab | |
| − | The''' Plots''' tab shows all the '''graphical output'''. | + | || The''' Plots''' tab shows all the '''graphical output'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || Let us plot the | + | || Let us plot the '''variable testSample'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Type '''plot(testSample)''' in the Console window | || Type '''plot(testSample)''' in the Console window | ||
| − | |||
Highlight the output plot | Highlight the output plot | ||
|| In the '''Console''', type '''plot testSample capital S in parentheses. '''Press '''Enter'''. | || In the '''Console''', type '''plot testSample capital S in parentheses. '''Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| − | |||
You can now see the plot in the '''Plots '''window. | You can now see the plot in the '''Plots '''window. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the '''Environment '''tab | || Highlight the '''Environment '''tab | ||
|| Let us look at the '''Environment '''window in the upper right corner. | || Let us look at the '''Environment '''window in the upper right corner. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight '''testSample''' | || Highlight '''testSample''' | ||
| − | |||
Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment ''' | Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment ''' | ||
|| We will clear this '''variable''' in this window. | || We will clear this '''variable''' in this window. | ||
| − | |||
At the top of the '''Environment''' window, click on the broom icon. | At the top of the '''Environment''' window, click on the broom icon. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| In '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window >> check '''Include hidden objects''' >> click on '''Yes''' | || In '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window >> check '''Include hidden objects''' >> click on '''Yes''' | ||
|| A '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window appears. | || A '''Confirm Remove Objects''' window appears. | ||
| − | |||
Ensure that the box '''Include hidden objects''' is checked and click on '''Yes'''. | Ensure that the box '''Include hidden objects''' is checked and click on '''Yes'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight '''Environment '''tab | || Highlight '''Environment '''tab | ||
|| Now, there is no '''variable '''in the '''Environment'''. | || Now, there is no '''variable '''in the '''Environment'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Click in the '''Plots '''window and click on the broom icon. | || Click in the '''Plots '''window and click on the broom icon. | ||
|| Click in the '''Plots '''window and click on the broom icon. | || Click in the '''Plots '''window and click on the broom icon. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Point to Clear Plots text box. | || Point to Clear Plots text box. | ||
| − | || A Clear Plots text box appears. | + | || A '''Clear Plots''' text box appears. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Point to Clear Plots text box. | || Point to Clear Plots text box. | ||
| − | || The text reads, “Are you sure you want to clear all of the plots in the history?” | + | || The text reads, '''“Are you sure you want to clear all of the plots in the history?”''' |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Click Yes. | || Click Yes. | ||
| − | || Click Yes. | + | || Click '''Yes'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Type plot('''testSample''') in the '''Console '''window | || Type plot('''testSample''') in the '''Console '''window | ||
| − | || Now, let us try plotting this variable again. | + | || Now, let us try plotting this '''variable''' again. |
| − | + | ||
In the '''Console''', again type '''plot testSample '''in '''parentheses''' as before. | In the '''Console''', again type '''plot testSample '''in '''parentheses''' as before. | ||
Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the error in the '''Console '''window | || Highlight the error in the '''Console '''window | ||
| − | |||
Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment ''' | Highlight broom-shaped icon in '''Environment ''' | ||
|| No plot is generated. | || No plot is generated. | ||
| − | |||
Instead, we see: | Instead, we see: | ||
| − | |||
'''Error in plot(testSample) : object 'testSample' not found''' | '''Error in plot(testSample) : object 'testSample' not found''' | ||
| − | + | It means that the '''variable testSample '''has been removed from our '''Workspace. ''' | |
| − | It means that the | + | |
| − | + | ||
So, you should be careful with this broom icon in the '''Environment '''window. | So, you should be careful with this broom icon in the '''Environment '''window. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
'''History '''tab | '''History '''tab | ||
| − | |||
Highlight the commands | Highlight the commands | ||
| Line 198: | Line 167: | ||
Here, we can see the lines that have been executed so far. | Here, we can see the lines that have been executed so far. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || Let us declare two | + | || Let us declare two '''variables, firstVar''' and '''secondVar''', which will be used later. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [Console] | || [Console] | ||
| − | |||
Type '''firstVar <- 6''' | Type '''firstVar <- 6''' | ||
| − | + | || In the '''Console''', type '''first capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 6. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | || [Console] | ||
| − | + | Type '''secondVar <- 8''' | |
| − | Next, type '''second capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 8. | + | || Next, type '''second capital V a r '''space '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen '''space 8. |
Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [RStudio] | || [RStudio] | ||
| Line 225: | Line 192: | ||
We need to clean the '''Console''' before moving on. | We need to clean the '''Console''' before moving on. | ||
| − | Click in the '''Console''' window and press '''Ctrl+L | + | Click in the '''Console''' window and press '''Ctrl+L''' together. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Highlight the broom-shaped icon at the right corner of the '''Console '''window | || Highlight the broom-shaped icon at the right corner of the '''Console '''window | ||
| − | || Clicking on the | + | || Clicking on the broom icon in the upper right corner of the '''Console''' will also clear it. |
| − | To see this icon, place the cursor under the maximizer button of the '''Console '''window. | + | To see this icon, place the cursor under the '''maximizer''' button of the '''Console '''window. |
You will see a hand symbol and the text, '''Clear Console Ctrl+L'''. | You will see a hand symbol and the text, '''Clear Console Ctrl+L'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
Packages in R | Packages in R | ||
| − | || | + | || '''R packages''' are |
| − | * | + | * A collection of''' R functions, compiled code '''and sample data |
| + | * Stored under a '''directory''' called '''library '''in the '''R environment'''. | ||
| − | + | By default, '''R''' installs a set of '''packages''' | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | ||
| − | |- | + | |
|| | || | ||
|| Let us switch back to '''RStudio. ''' | || Let us switch back to '''RStudio. ''' | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Click on the Environment tab again. | || Click on the Environment tab again. | ||
| − | || Now click on the Environment tab again. | + | || Now click on the '''Environment''' tab again. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [RStudio] | || [RStudio] | ||
Type '''library()''' | Type '''library()''' | ||
| − | || To see the list of '''R packages''' installed in your system, | + | || To see the list of '''R packages''' installed in your system, in the '''Console''', type '''library parentheses'''. |
Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Tab '''R packages available '''opens in '''Source''' window | || Tab '''R packages available '''opens in '''Source''' window | ||
| − | || A tab named '''R packages available '''opens up in '''Source''' window. | + | || A tab named '''R packages available '''opens up in '''Source''' window. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || Let us install a new package named '''MASS'''. Please make sure that you are connected to the '''Internet'''. | + | || Let us install a new '''package''' named '''MASS'''. |
| − | |- | + | |
| + | Please make sure that you are connected to the '''Internet'''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
|| [Console] | || [Console] | ||
| − | Type '''install.packages( | + | Type '''install.packages("MASS")''' |
Highlight the red dot at the right corner of '''Console''' | Highlight the red dot at the right corner of '''Console''' | ||
| − | || In the '''Console '''window, type '''install dot packages'''. | + | || In the '''Console '''window, type '''install dot packages'''. |
| − | Now''', MASS '''inside double quotes in parentheses. | + | Now''', MASS '''inside double quotes in parentheses. |
Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
We will need to wait until '''R''' installs the '''package'''. | We will need to wait until '''R''' installs the '''package'''. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || There is another way to install a '''package'''. Let us install another package named '''ggplot2'''. | + | || There is another way to install a '''package'''. Let us install another '''package''' named '''ggplot2'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Click on the '''Tools''' button >> | || Click on the '''Tools''' button >> | ||
| Line 284: | Line 252: | ||
|| In the top menu bar of '''RStudio, '''click on the '''Tools''' button. | || In the top menu bar of '''RStudio, '''click on the '''Tools''' button. | ||
| − | From the | + | From the drop-down menu, select the '''Install Packages''' option. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| In '''Packages''', type '''ggplot2''' | || In '''Packages''', type '''ggplot2''' | ||
| − | || In the '''Packages''' field, type the name of the '''package | + | || In the '''Packages''' field, type the name of the '''package ggplot2''' |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Check the box '''Install dependencies''' >> click on the '''Install '''button | || Check the box '''Install dependencies''' >> click on the '''Install '''button | ||
|| Ensure that '''Install dependencies''' box is checked and click on the '''Install''' button. | || Ensure that '''Install dependencies''' box is checked and click on the '''Install''' button. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [RStudio] | || [RStudio] | ||
Type '''library(MASS) '''in the Console window | Type '''library(MASS) '''in the Console window | ||
| − | || To load a '''package''', we use '''library | + | || To load a '''package''', we use '''library function '''and provide the '''package''' name as an '''argument'''. |
We will load the''' MASS package''' now. | We will load the''' MASS package''' now. | ||
| − | In the '''Console '''window, type '''library MASS in parentheses '''and press '''Enter'''. | + | In the '''Console '''window, type '''library MASS''' in '''parentheses '''and press '''Enter'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
| − | || Now we will use '''fractions | + | || Now we will use '''fractions function''' available in the '''MASS package'''. |
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| [RStudio] | || [RStudio] | ||
| − | + | Type '''f r a c t i o'''. | |
| − | Type f r a c t i o. | + | |
Point to the fractions option. | Point to the fractions option. | ||
| − | Press Enter to select. | + | Press '''Enter''' to select. |
| + | || | ||
| + | In the '''Console '''window, type '''f r a c t'''. | ||
| + | '''RStudio''' shows the '''fractions''' option. | ||
| + | Press '''Enter''' to select it. | ||
| + | You can use this feature while typing '''commands'''. | ||
| + | Only remember that '''R''' is case-sensitive. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | || [RStudio] | ||
| − | + | Type '''fractions(firstVar/secondVar)''' | |
| − | + | ||
| − | '''fractions(firstVar/secondVar)''' | + | |
| − | + | ||
Highlight '''¾''' in the '''Console ''' | Highlight '''¾''' in the '''Console ''' | ||
| − | + | || After '''fractions''', type, in '''parentheses, firstVar''' division slash '''secondVar'''. | |
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Press '''Enter'''. | Press '''Enter'''. | ||
| − | + | You can see the reduced '''fraction ¾''' in the '''Console. ''' | |
| − | You can see the reduced | + | |- |
| − | |- | + | |
|| Type '''firstVar/secondVar''' in the '''Console''' | || Type '''firstVar/secondVar''' in the '''Console''' | ||
| Line 358: | Line 308: | ||
Highlight the output in decimal | Highlight the output in decimal | ||
|| In the '''Console''', we can also type '''firstVar division slash secondVar'''. | || In the '''Console''', we can also type '''firstVar division slash secondVar'''. | ||
| − | |||
It gives the result in decimal form. | It gives the result in decimal form. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| | || | ||
|| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize. | || This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
Summary | Summary | ||
| + | || We have learnt about, | ||
| + | * '''Source '''and '''Console '''windows | ||
| + | * '''Workspace; Plots '''and '''Files '''window | ||
| + | * How to install '''packages''' of '''R''' | ||
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|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
| Line 390: | Line 330: | ||
Please download and watch it. | Please download and watch it. | ||
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|| Show slide | || Show slide | ||
| Line 397: | Line 337: | ||
Please contact us. | Please contact us. | ||
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| − | || | + | || Show Slide |
Forum to answer questions | Forum to answer questions | ||
| − | + | || Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial?''' | |
| − | + | ||
| − | || | + | |
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. | Choose the minute and second where you have the question. | ||
| Line 413: | Line 351: | ||
Please visit this site. | Please visit this site. | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
| − | || | + | || Show Slide |
Forum to answer questions | Forum to answer questions | ||
| − | || | + | || Do you have any general / technical questions? |
| − | + | Please visit the forum given in the link. | |
| − | |- | + | |- |
| − | || | + | || Show Slide |
| − | + | Textbook Companion | |
| − | || | + | || The '''FOSSEE ''' team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books. |
| − | + | We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this. | |
| − | + | For more details, please visit these sites. | |
| − | |- | + | |- |
| − | || | + | || Show Slide |
Acknowledgement | Acknowledgement | ||
|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India | || The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India | ||
| − | |- | + | |- |
| − | || | + | || Show Slide |
Thank You | Thank You | ||
| − | || | + | || This script has been contributed by Shaik (FOSSEE Fellow 2018) and Sudhakar from FOSSEE project. |
| − | + | This is Vidhya Iyer from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching. | |
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:42, 4 October 2019
Title of script: Introduction to R Studio
Authors: Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay)
Keywords: R, RStudio, workspace, console, packages, video tutorial
| Visual Cue | Narration |
| Show slide
Opening slide |
Welcome to this tutorial on Introduction to R Studio. |
| Show slide
Objectives |
In this tutorial, you will learn about these features of RStudio:
|
| Show slide
Pre-requisites |
To understand this tutorial, you should know:
If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on R on this website. |
| Show slide
Systems requirements |
This tutorial is recorded on
Install R version 3.2.0 or higher. |
| [RStudio]
RStudio window |
Let us switch to RStudio. |
| Highlight the Source window | The window in the top left corner is the Source window.
It is used to edit a script and run it. |
| Highlight the Console window | The window in the bottom left corner is the Console window.
It is used to install packages or to run a particular command. |
| Highlight the Workspace window
Highlight Environment tab |
The upper right window is the Workspace window.
It stores all the variables used during execution of commands under the Environment tab. |
| Place cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.
Point to the four-headed arrow. |
Place your cursor on the inside edges of all the windows.
A four-headed arrow symbol appears. |
| Drag this to resize windows for better visibility. | You can drag this to resize your windows for better visibility. |
| Let us declare some variables. | |
| Type testSample <- c(1,2,3,4) in Console | In the Console, type testSample (capital S) space less than symbol followed by hyphen space c.
Now, in parentheses, type 1 comma 2 comma 3 comma 4. Press Enter to execute this line. |
| Highlight the testSample in Environment tab | You can see the variable testSample in the Environment window. |
| Highlight the Plots and Files window | The lower right window is the Plots and Files window. |
| Highlight the Files tab | The Files tab is used to keep track of Working Directories.
We will learn more about Working Directory later in this series. |
| Highlight the Plots tab | The Plots tab shows all the graphical output. |
| Let us plot the variable testSample. | |
| Type plot(testSample) in the Console window
Highlight the output plot |
In the Console, type plot testSample capital S in parentheses. Press Enter.
You can now see the plot in the Plots window. |
| Highlight the Environment tab | Let us look at the Environment window in the upper right corner. |
| Highlight testSample
Highlight broom-shaped icon in Environment |
We will clear this variable in this window.
At the top of the Environment window, click on the broom icon. |
| In Confirm Remove Objects window >> check Include hidden objects >> click on Yes | A Confirm Remove Objects window appears.
Ensure that the box Include hidden objects is checked and click on Yes. |
| Highlight Environment tab | Now, there is no variable in the Environment. |
| Click in the Plots window and click on the broom icon. | Click in the Plots window and click on the broom icon. |
| Point to Clear Plots text box. | A Clear Plots text box appears. |
| Point to Clear Plots text box. | The text reads, “Are you sure you want to clear all of the plots in the history?” |
| Click Yes. | Click Yes. |
| Type plot(testSample) in the Console window | Now, let us try plotting this variable again.
In the Console, again type plot testSample in parentheses as before. Press Enter. |
| Highlight the error in the Console window
Highlight broom-shaped icon in Environment |
No plot is generated.
Instead, we see: Error in plot(testSample) : object 'testSample' not found It means that the variable testSample has been removed from our Workspace. So, you should be careful with this broom icon in the Environment window. |
|
History tab Highlight the commands |
Next to Environment, the History tab stores all our actions.
Here, we can see the lines that have been executed so far. |
| Let us declare two variables, firstVar and secondVar, which will be used later. | |
| [Console]
Type firstVar <- 6 |
In the Console, type first capital V a r space less than symbol followed by hyphen space 6.
Press Enter. |
| [Console]
Type secondVar <- 8 |
Next, type second capital V a r space less than symbol followed by hyphen space 8.
Press Enter. |
| [RStudio]
Press Ctrl+L |
Our Console window is filled with the previous commands.
We need to clean the Console before moving on. Click in the Console window and press Ctrl+L together. |
| Highlight the broom-shaped icon at the right corner of the Console window | Clicking on the broom icon in the upper right corner of the Console will also clear it.
To see this icon, place the cursor under the maximizer button of the Console window. You will see a hand symbol and the text, Clear Console Ctrl+L. |
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Packages in R |
R packages are
By default, R installs a set of packages |
| Let us switch back to RStudio. | |
| Click on the Environment tab again. | Now click on the Environment tab again. |
| [RStudio]
Type library() |
To see the list of R packages installed in your system, in the Console, type library parentheses.
Press Enter. |
| Tab R packages available opens in Source window | A tab named R packages available opens up in Source window. |
| Let us install a new package named MASS.
Please make sure that you are connected to the Internet. | |
| [Console]
Type install.packages("MASS") Highlight the red dot at the right corner of Console |
In the Console window, type install dot packages.
Now, MASS inside double quotes in parentheses. Press Enter. We will need to wait until R installs the package. |
| There is another way to install a package. Let us install another package named ggplot2. | |
| Click on the Tools button >>
Select the Install Packages option |
In the top menu bar of RStudio, click on the Tools button.
From the drop-down menu, select the Install Packages option. |
| In Packages, type ggplot2 | In the Packages field, type the name of the package ggplot2 |
| Check the box Install dependencies >> click on the Install button | Ensure that Install dependencies box is checked and click on the Install button. |
| [RStudio]
Type library(MASS) in the Console window |
To load a package, we use library function and provide the package name as an argument.
We will load the MASS package now. In the Console window, type library MASS in parentheses and press Enter. |
| Now we will use fractions function available in the MASS package. | |
| [RStudio]
Type f r a c t i o. Point to the fractions option. Press Enter to select. |
In the Console window, type f r a c t. RStudio shows the fractions option. Press Enter to select it. You can use this feature while typing commands. Only remember that R is case-sensitive. |
| [RStudio]
Type fractions(firstVar/secondVar) Highlight ¾ in the Console |
After fractions, type, in parentheses, firstVar division slash secondVar.
Press Enter. You can see the reduced fraction ¾ in the Console. |
| Type firstVar/secondVar in the Console
|
In the Console, we can also type firstVar division slash secondVar.
It gives the result in decimal form. |
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize. | |
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Summary |
We have learnt about,
|
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About the Spoken Tutorial Project |
The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
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Spoken Tutorial Workshops |
We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.
Please contact us. |
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Forum to answer questions |
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly. Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them. Please visit this site. |
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Forum to answer questions |
Do you have any general / technical questions?
Please visit the forum given in the link. |
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Textbook Companion |
The FOSSEE team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books.
We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this. For more details, please visit these sites. |
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Acknowledgement |
The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India |
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Thank You |
This script has been contributed by Shaik (FOSSEE Fellow 2018) and Sudhakar from FOSSEE project.
This is Vidhya Iyer from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching. |
