Difference between revisions of "PhET/C3/Fluid-pressure-and-flow/English"

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(Created page with " {|border=1 |- || '''Visual Cue''' || '''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' Title slide || Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Fluid Pressure and Flow'''. |- || '''S...")
 
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|| '''Slide Number 2'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 2'''
  
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Learning objectives
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'''Learning objectives'''
 
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate  
 
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate  
  
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|| '''Slide Number 3'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 3'''
  
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System Requirements  
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'''System Requirements'''
 
|| Here, I am using
 
|| Here, I am using
  
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|| '''Slide Number 4'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 4'''
  
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Pre-requisites
+
'''Pre-requisites'''
 
|| To follow this tutorial,  
 
|| To follow this tutorial,  
  
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|-
 
|-
 
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 5'''
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'''
−
Learning Goals
+
Learning Goals'''
 
|| Using this '''simulation''',  
 
|| Using this '''simulation''',  
 
We will demonstrate  
 
We will demonstrate  
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||'''Slide Number 6'''
 
||'''Slide Number 6'''
  
−
Learning Goals
+
'''Learning Goals'''
 
||
 
||
 
*Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the surface.
 
*Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the surface.
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|| '''Slide Number 7'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 7'''
  
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Link for PhET '''simulation'''.
+
'''Link for PhET Simulation'''
  
 
http://phet.colorado.edu
 
http://phet.colorado.edu
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At the prompt type,  '''cd'''  '''space'''  '''Downloads ''' and press  '''Enter''' .
 
At the prompt type,  '''cd'''  '''space'''  '''Downloads ''' and press  '''Enter''' .
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Type, java - jar fluid-pressure-and-flow_en.jar and press Enter.
+
|| Type, java -jar fluid-pressure-and-flow_en.jar and press Enter.
  
 
Point to the '''simulation''' interface.
 
Point to the '''simulation''' interface.
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Gravity's value can be change from 1.0 ''' m/s<sup>2</sup>''' to 20 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>''' .
 
Gravity's value can be change from 1.0 ''' m/s<sup>2</sup>''' to 20 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>''' .
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Click on '''Reset All'''.
+
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.
 
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.  
 
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.  
 
|-
 
|-
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This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.
 
This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
||Cursor on the interface.
 
|| Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
 
|| Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
 
|-
 
|-
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|| We will make a tabular column for '''Fluid Density''', '''Depth''', and '''Pressure'''.
 
|| We will make a tabular column for '''Fluid Density''', '''Depth''', and '''Pressure'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Drag the pressure metre towards 1 '''m'''.
−
Drag the pressure metre towards 1 '''m'''.
+
 
|| To take the measurement drag the '''Pressure''' gauge to 1 '''meter'''.
 
|| To take the measurement drag the '''Pressure''' gauge to 1 '''meter'''.
  
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|-
 
|-
 
|| Drag the flux through the pipe.
 
|| Drag the flux through the pipe.
−
 
 
|| Drag the '''Flux meter''' through the pipe.
 
|| Drag the '''Flux meter''' through the pipe.
  
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Click and drag the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> handle of the water pipe from both the sides.
 
Click and drag the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> handle of the water pipe from both the sides.
 
|| Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.
 
|| Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.
 +
 
Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.
 
Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.
 
|-
 
|-
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|| Click on '''Water Tower''' tab to open it.
 
|| Click on '''Water Tower''' tab to open it.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
|| Cursor on the Water Tower screen.
 
|| In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the surface.
 
|| In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the surface.
 
|-
 
|-
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'''Match Leakage''' to stop the flow.
 
'''Match Leakage''' to stop the flow.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Point to the check boxes at the right side of the screen.Click on the check box of Measuring tape.
+
|| Point to the check boxes at the right side of the screen.
 +
 
 +
Click on the check box of Measuring tape.
 
|| On the right side of the screen select the '''Measuring Tape'''.
 
|| On the right side of the screen select the '''Measuring Tape'''.
 
|-
 
|-
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'''Numerical'''
 
'''Numerical'''
 
A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.  
 
A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.  
 +
 
Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.  
 
Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.  
 +
 
The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa.  
 
The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa.  
  
 
Density of water is 1000 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
 
Density of water is 1000 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
 
|| Let us solve the given numerical.  
 
|| Let us solve the given numerical.  
 +
 
A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 '''m'''.
 
A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 '''m'''.
 +
 
Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.  
 
Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.  
 +
 
The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 '''kPa'''. Density of water is 1000 '''kg/m<sup>3</sup>'''. Take g=9.81 '''m/sec<sup>2</sup>'''.
 
The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 '''kPa'''. Density of water is 1000 '''kg/m<sup>3</sup>'''. Take g=9.81 '''m/sec<sup>2</sup>'''.
 
|-
 
|-
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|| '''Slide Number 13'''
 
|| '''Slide Number 13'''
  
−
'''Calcuation of Pressure Exerted'''
+
'''Calculation of Pressure Exerted'''
  
 
P=P<sub>0</sub>+hρg  
 
P=P<sub>0</sub>+hρg  
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'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
  
−
A Tank of cubical shape is filled with honey to a height of 10.42 m. Find the pressure exerted by the honey at the bottom of the tank. The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of honey is 1420 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
+
A Tank of cubical shape is filled with honey to a height of 10.42 m.
 +
 
 +
Find the pressure exerted by the honey at the bottom of the tank.
 +
 
 +
The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of honey is 1420 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.
 
|| Solve the given numericals.
 
|| Solve the given numericals.
 
|-
 
|-
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Point to the trajectory.
 
Point to the trajectory.
 
|| Drag the '''Hose''' up and then down.
 
|| Drag the '''Hose''' up and then down.
 +
 
Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.
 
Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.
 +
 
Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.
 
Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.
 
|-
 
|-
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|| Let us summarize
 
|| Let us summarize
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
||'''Slide Number 16'''
−
'''Slide Number 16'''
+
 
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
 
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated,  
 
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated,  
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'''Summary'''  
 
'''Summary'''  
 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have Demonstrated,
 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have Demonstrated,
 +
 
How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.
 
How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.
  
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|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 18'''
 
||'''Slide Number 18'''
 +
 
'''Summary '''
 
'''Summary '''
 
||Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the surface.
 
||Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the surface.
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||  
 
||  
 
'''Slide Number 19'''
 
'''Slide Number 19'''
 +
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''.
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''.
−
||  
+
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
−
The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
+
 
 
Please download and watch it.
 
Please download and watch it.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
||'''Slide Number 20'''
−
'''Slide Number 20'''
+
 
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''.
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''.
−
||  
+
||The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team,
−
The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team,
+
  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
Line 557: Line 568:
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||  
+
||'''Slide Number 21'''
−
'''Slide Number 21'''
+
 
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 +
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
 
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
 +
 
Please visit this site
 
Please visit this site
−
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly.
+
 
 +
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 +
 
 +
Explain your question briefly.
 +
 
 
Someone from our team will answer them.
 
Someone from our team will answer them.
 
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
 
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.

Revision as of 11:39, 25 March 2019

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title slide

Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Fluid Pressure and Flow.
Slide Number 2

Learning objectives

In this tutorial we will demonstrate

Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.

Slide Number 3

System Requirements

Here, I am using

Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

Java version 1.8.0

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial,

Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics.

Slide Number 5

Learning Goals

Using this simulation,

We will demonstrate

  • Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere.
  • Change in pressure in various fluid densities.
  • Bernoulli's principle.
Slide Number 6

Learning Goals

  • Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the surface.
  • Observe the trajectory of a fluid
Slide Number 7

Link for PhET Simulation

http://phet.colorado.edu

Use the given link to download the simulation.
Point to the file in the Downloads folder. I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder.
At the prompt type, cd Downloads >> press Enter . To run this simulation, open the terminal.

At the prompt type, cd space Downloads and press Enter .

Type, java -jar fluid-pressure-and-flow_en.jar and press Enter.

Point to the simulation interface.

Type java space hyphen jar space fluid hyphen pressure hyphen and hyphen flow underscore en dot jar and press Enter .

Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation opens.

On the left top corner, point to each Tab.

Pressure

Flow

Water Tower

Interface has three tabs.
Point to each underground tank buttons on the left top.

Click on each button to show the different tank.

On the left of the screen, we have three buttons.

On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens.

Click on the button.

Point to the faucet and the container.

let us click on the first button.

Screen opens with a faucet and a tank.

Click, drag the faucet slider. Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water.
Click, drag and hold the slider at the bottom of the tank. Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid.

Drag the slider to drain the fluid.

Point to the pressure gauge.

Click and drag the pressure gauge into the container.

Drag and place the Pressure gauge in the tank to touch the fluid.
Point to Fluid Density and click on the plus sign on the box. To expand the Fluid Density box, click on the green Plus sign.
Point to the slider. Observe that the Fluid Density slider has three different fluids.
Click and drag the Fluid Density slider to gasoline. Drag the slider from gasoline to honey.

Observe the change in the Fluid Density as we drag.

Point to white colour box in Fluid density. In Fluid density box we can edit the values from 700 kg per meter cube to 1420 kg per meter cube.
Click on red minus button of the Fluid Density. Click on the red minus button to close the Fluid density box.
Point to Gravity. Click on the green plus button to expand the Gravity box.
Point to the slider.

Point to gravity value on earth.

Observe that here a slider is provided to change Gravity from low to high.

The slider is at Earth.

Click and drag the Gravity slider first towards low then back to high. As we drag the Gravity slider observe that pressure changes.

Gravity's value can be change from 1.0 m/s2 to 20 m/s2 .

Click on Reset All button. Click on Reset All button.
Click, drag the faucet to fill the container.

Point to the slider.

Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim.

Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive.

Click on the Grid check box. Select the Grid box to show the grid lines.
Click and drag the Pressure gauge to the water tank at 0 meters. Drag and place the Pressure gauge on the 0 meters line.
Move the cursor on pressure gauge. Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kiloPascal.
Click on Atmosphere off radio button. Click on Atmosphere Off radio button.

Value of pressure is 0.00 KiloPascal.

Move the cursor on Atmosphere radio box. Click the Atmosphere On radio button.

This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.

Cursor on the interface. Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.
Slide Number 8

Pressure at Different Depth

We will make a tabular column for Fluid Density, Depth, and Pressure.
Drag the pressure metre towards 1 m. To take the measurement drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter.

Note the value in the table.

Drag pressure gauge to 2 m.

Drag pressure gauge 3 m.

Similarly drag pressure gauge to 2 meters and 3 metres and note the values.
Slide Number 9

Pressure at Different Depth

I have noted the values in the table.
Click and drag the slider to gasoline. Drag the slider towards gasoline.
Move the cursor on pressure gauge. Observe the change in pressure as we change the density.
Click and drag the pressure gauge to 1 m for the gasoline. Drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter to measure the pressure in gasoline.
Slide Number 10

Assignment

Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.

Explain your observation.

As an Assignment,

Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.

Explain your observation.

Click on the Reset All. Click on Reset All button.
Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes.
Click on the third tank button to open it. Click on the third tank button.

An underground basin opens.

The basin is divided into two compartments.

Point to the weights. Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet.

One 500 kg and two 250 kg weights.

Under Units, click on Atmospheres radio button. Under Units, click on Atmospheres radio button.
Move the cursor on Pressure. Observe the value on the pressure gauge.

It has changed from 101.300 kiloPascal to 0.9998 atmosphere.

Click and drag the pressure gauge to the right of the water tank. Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water.

Observe the value on the pressure gauge.

Click on the Gridcheck box. Select the Grid check box.
Click and drag the 250 kg weight in the container. Place 250 kg weight in the left compartment of the basin.

Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment.

Click and drag 500 kg' and 250 kg weight to the tank. Continue to add 500 kg and 250 kg weights to the left compartment.


As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment. This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift.

Move the cursor on the Flow tab. We will now explore Flow tab.
Click on the Flow tab. Select the Flow tab to open the screen.
Move the cursor on water tube. In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes.
Point to the handles.

Click and drag the the upper and lower handle to change the height.

Each end pipe is provided with three handles.

Height of the pipes can be changed using the upper and lower handles.

Click and drag the middle handle of the end pipes to move up and down. We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down.
Point to Flow Rate on the left side of the screen. We can control the flow rate by dragging the Flow Rate slider.
Point and click the Flux meter check box. Now select Flux meter check box.
Point at the blue ring.

Point at the yellow box.

A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appear on the screen.

This box displays the value for Flow Rate, Area and Flux.

Using the Flux meter we can calculate the total flux entering a given area.

Drag the flux through the pipe. Drag the Flux meter through the pipe.

Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe.

Point to the blue ring.

Point to the flux that is passing.

As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it.

The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area.

Uncheck the Flux meter check-box. Uncheck the Flux meter check-box.
Check the Friction check-box. Select Friction check-box.
Point to the pipe. Observe that the flow of dots slows down.
Point to the Red Dots above the water pipe. Using the Red Dots button we can insert black dots into the fluid.
Click on Reset All button. Click on Reset All button.
Uncheck the Dots check-box.

Click the Red colour button.

Let us uncheck the Dots check-box and click the Red button.
Drag and place Speed meter and Pressure gauge in water pipe. Drag and place Speed meter in the water pipe.

Similarly drag the Pressure gauge and place inside the water pipe.

Drag the Pressure gauge and Speed meter in the water pipe from left to right. Drag the Pressure gauge and Speed meter all along the water pipe.

Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform.

This is because the flow of water is Streamlined.

Click and drag the handles of water pipe on both sides.

Point speed meter and pressure gauge. Click and drag the 3rd and 5th handle of the water pipe from both the sides.

Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.

Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.

Click and drag the Flow Rate to right completely. Let us increase the Flow Rate to maximum.
Click and drag the Speed meter to the extreme left of the water pipe. Drag the Speed meter towards extreme left.

And observe the speed to be 3.5 meter per second square.

Move the cursor on the blue colour vector. Recall that speed is a scalar quantity.

Blue vector represents direction of velocity.

Click and drag the pressure gauge to the same place. Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter.

Observe that the pressure is 115.896 kiloPascal.

Drag speed meter >> keep it in 1st wide region. Now drag another Speed meter from the tools and keep it in first wide region.
Move the cursor on the Speed meter. Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region.

The speed has decreased to 1.4 meter per second square and the velocity vector has also decreased.

Drag and place Pressure gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.

Point to the pressure value.

Drag and place Pressure gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.


Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 kiloPascal.

Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases.
Slide Number 11

Assignment

As an assignment

Observe the change in speed and pressure when, fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey.

Click on the Water Tower tab. Click on Water Tower tab to open it.
Cursor on the Water Tower screen. In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the surface.
Point to the faucet and the water tower. In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower.
Point to Manual and Match Leakage. On the faucet there are two radio buttons.

Manual to start the flow of water and

Match Leakage to stop the flow.

Point to the check boxes at the right side of the screen.

Click on the check box of Measuring tape.

On the right side of the screen select the Measuring Tape.
Adjust the tape using mouse. Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank.

Note the value of the height.

Click on the fill button. Click on the fill button to fill the tank completely.
Click and drag the pressure gauge above the tank. Place the Pressure gauge on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure.

Note the value of pressure at the surface.

Slide Number 12

Numerical A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa.

Density of water is 1000 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.

Let us solve the given numerical.

A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. Take g=9.81 m/sec2.

Click and drag the pressure gauge to the bottom of the fluid. Click and drag the Pressure gauge to the bottom of the surface.
Point to the pressure gauge Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the surface is 198.1 kiloPascal.
Slide Number 13

Calculation of Pressure Exerted

P=P0+hρg

P0 is pressure at the surface.

'h' is the height of the tank

'ρ' is the density of the liquid

P=102300+1000*10.42*9.81 =204520 Pascal/1000 =204.5 kPa

Calculate pressure at the bottom of the surface using the formula.

P=P0+hρg

Substitue the values from the numerical into the formula.

Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton.

The required pressure at the bottom of the surface is 204.5 kPa.

Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure.
Point to the Pressure gauge. Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value.
Slide Number 14

Assignment

A Tank of cubical shape is filled with honey to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by the honey at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of honey is 1420 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.

Solve the given numericals.
Slide Number 15

Assignment

A Tank of cubical shape is filled with gasoline to a height of 10.42 m.

Find the pressure exerted by the gasoline at the bottom of the tank.

The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. Density of gasoline is 700 kg/m^3. Take g=9.81m/sec^2.

Click on Reset All button. Click on Reset All button.
Click on the Hose check box. Now we will see the flow of water by changing the position of the Hose.
Click on the Fill button. Click 'on Fill button to fill the Tank.
Click and drag the Hose and align it with the orange slider. First Align the Hose with the orange slider.
Click and drag the orange slider. Open the orange slider.
Drag the Hose Up and then down.

Point to the trajectory.

Drag the Hose up and then down.

Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.

Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.

Let us summarize
Slide Number 16

Summary

In this tutorial, we have demonstrated,

Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation.

Slide Number 17

Summary

Using this simulation we have Demonstrated,

How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.

Pressure in different fluid densities.

Bernoulli’s Principle.

Slide Number 18

Summary

Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the surface.

Observed the trajectory of the fluid.

Slide Number 19

About Spoken Tutorial project.

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 20

Spoken Tutorial workshops.

The Spoken Tutorial Project team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 21

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly.

Someone from our team will answer them.

Please post your timed queries on this forum.
Slide Number 22

Acknowledgements.

This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 23

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Karwanjehimanshi95, Madhurig, Snehalathak

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