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Revision as of 07:37, 15 December 2015
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Arithmetic & Relational Operators in Ruby. |
| 00:06 | ಈ ಟ್ಯುಟೋರಿಯಲ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವು: |
| 00:08 | * ಅಂಕಗಣಿತದ ಆಪರೇಟರ್ ಗಳು |
| 00:10 | * ಆಪರೇಟರ್ ಗಳ ಆದ್ಯತೆ |
| 00:12 | * ರಿಲೇಶನಲ್ ಆಪರೇಟರ್ ಗಳು ಇವುಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕಲಿಯುವೆವು. |
| 00:14 | Here we are using:
|
| 00:23 | To follow this tutorial, you must know how to use Terminal and Text editor in Linux. |
| 00:28 | ನೀವು 'irb' ಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸಹ ಪರಿಚಿತರಿರಬೇಕು. |
| 00:31 | If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
| 00:34 | Now, let us learn about arithmetic operators. |
| 00:38 | Ruby has following arithmetic operators. |
| 00:42 | * '+' Addition, e.g. a+b. |
| 00:45 | * '-' Subtraction, e.g. a-b. |
| 00:48 | * '/' Division, e.g. a/b. |
| 00:51 | * '*' Multiplication, e.g. a*b. |
| 00:55 | * '%' Modulus, e.g. a%b. |
| 00:59 | * '**' Exponent, e.g. a**b. |
| 01:04 | Let us try these arithmetic operators using irb. |
| 01:08 | Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously. |
| 01:14 | A terminal window appears on your screen. |
| 01:17 | Type irb and press Enter to launch the interactive Ruby. |
| 01:21 | Type: 10 plus 20 and press Enter. |
| 01:25 | The addition operation is performed and the result 30 is displayed. |
| 01:31 | Similarly the subtraction and multiplication operations can be performed. |
| 01:35 | Let us try the division operator. |
| 01:38 | Type: 10 slash 4 |
| 01:40 | and press Enter. |
| 01:42 | Here you can see the result is truncated to the nearest whole number which is 2. |
| 01:47 | To get a more accurate answer, we need to express one number as float. |
| 01:52 | Type: 10.0 slash 4 |
| 01:56 | and press Enter. |
| 01:58 | Now we get the result as 2.5. |
| 02:01 | Let's now try the modulus operator. |
| 02:05 | The modulus operator returns the remainder as output. |
| 02:09 | Type: 12 percentage sign 5 and press Enter. |
| 02:15 | Here, 12 is divided by 5 and the remainder 2 is returned back. |
| 02:21 | Now, let's try the exponent operator. |
| 02.24 | Type: 2 followed by the asterisk symbol twice and then 5 and press Enter. |
| 02:32 | This means that 2 is raised to the power of 5. |
| 02:36 | So, we get the output as 32. |
| 02:39 | Next, let us learn about operator precedence. |
| 02:44 | When several operations occur in a mathematical expression, |
| 02:47 | each part is evaluated |
| 02:50 | and resolved in a predetermined order called operator precedence. |
| 02:56 | This means that the operator which has highest priority is executed first. |
| 03:01 | This is then followed by the next operator in the priority order and so on. |
| 03:07 | This slide lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest. |
| 03:13 | For example 3 + 4 * 5 returns 23 and not 35. |
| 03:23 | The multiplication operator (*) has higher precedence than the addition operator (+) |
| 03:29 | and thus will be evaluated first. |
| 03:32 | Hence, four fives are twenty and then three is added to 20 to give the output as 23. |
| 03:42 | Let's see some more examples based on operator precedence. |
| 03:47 | Let's go back to the terminal. |
| 03:50 | Press Crtl, L keys simultaneously to clear the irb console. |
| 03:56 | Now, type: 7 minus 2 multiply by 3 |
| 04:03 | and press Enter . |
| 04:05 | We get the answer as 1. |
| 04:08 | Here, the asterisk symbol has higher priority than the minus sign. |
| 04:13 | So, the multiplication operation is performed first and then subtraction is performed. |
| 04:20 | Let's see another example. |
| 04:22 | Type: within brackets 10 plus 2 slash 4 |
| 04:29 | and press Enter. |
| 04:30 | We get the answer as 3. |
| 04:33 | In this case, () bracket has the higher priority than division (slash). |
| 04:39 | So, the operation inside the bracket, that is addition, is performed first. |
| 04:44 | Then division is performed. |
| 04:47 | Now, let us learn about Relational Operators. |
| 04:51 | Let's switch back to slides. |
| 04:54 | Relational operators are also known as comparison operators. |
| 04:59 | Expressions using relational operators return boolean values. |
| 05:04 | Relational operators in Ruby are- |
| 05:07 | * == Equals to, e.g. a==b |
| 05:14 | * dot eql question mark e.g. a.eql?b |
| 05:21 | * != Not equals to e.g. a exclamation equals b |
| 05:28 | * Less than e.g. a < b |
| 05:32 | * Greater than e.g. a > b |
| 05:37 | * <= Lesser than or equal to e.g. a less than arrow equals b |
| 05:44 | * >= Greater than or equal to e.g. a greater than arrow equals b |
| 05:49 | * <=> Combined comparison e.g. a less than arrow equal greater than arrow b. |
| 05:56 | Now let us try some of these operators. |
| 06:00 | Go to the terminal. |
| 06:02 | Press ctrl, L keys simultaneously to clear the irb console. |
| 06:09 | Let's try equals to operator. |
| 06:11 | So, type: 10 equals equals 10 |
| 06:16 | and press Enter. |
| 06:17 | We get the output as true. |
| 06:20 | The .eql? opeartor is same as equals to operator. |
| 06:24 | Let's try it out. |
| 06:25 | Now, type 10 .eql?10 and press Enter. |
| 06:33 | We get the output as true. |
| 06:35 | Now, let's try not equal to operator. |
| 06:39 | Type: 10 not equal 10 |
| 06:44 | and press Enter. |
| 06:46 | We get the output as false. |
| 06:48 | This is because the two numbers are equal. |
| 06:51 | Clear the irb console by pressing Ctrl, L simultaneously. |
| 06:56 | Let us now try less than operator. |
| 07:00 | Type: 10 less than 5 and press Enter. |
| 07:05 | Here, if first operand is less than second then it will return true. |
| 07:10 | Otherwise, it will return false. |
| 07:14 | We get the output as false because 10 is not less than 5. |
| 07:19 | We will now try greater than operator. |
| 07:22 | Type: 5 greater than 2. |
| 07:26 | Here, if first operand is greater than second then it will return true; |
| 07:31 | otherwise it will return false . |
| 07:34 | Press Enter. |
| 07:36 | In this case, we get the output as true because 5 is indeed greater than 2. |
| 07:42 | Clear the irb console by pressing Ctrl, L simultaneously. |
| 07:47 | We will now try the less than equal to operator. |
| 07:51 | Type: 12 less than equal 12 |
| 07:56 | and press Enter. |
| 07:59 | Here, if first operand is less than or equal to second then it returns true; |
| 08:04 | otherwise it returns false. |
| 08:07 | We get the output as true because 12 is equal to 12. |
| 08:11 | You can try out the greater than or equal to operator likewise. |
| 08:15 | Now, let's try the combined comparison operator. |
| 08:19 | The combined comparison operator: |
| 08:21 | * Returns 0 if first operand equals second |
| 08:24 | * Returns 1 if first operand is greater than the second and |
| 08:29 | * Returns -1 if first operand is less than the second operand. |
| 08:34 | Let's see how it works, with an example. |
| 08:36 | Type: 3 less than equals greater than 3 |
| 08:41 | and press Enter. |
| 08:43 | We get the output as 0 |
| 08:45 | because both the operands are equal i.e. both are three. |
| 08:50 | Now, let's change one of the operands to 4. |
| 08:53 | Type: 4 less than equals greater than 3 |
| 08:58 | and press Enter. |
| 08:59 | We get the output as 1 |
| 09:01 | since 4 is greater than 3. |
| 09:04 | Now, let's change this example again. |
| 09:07 | Type: 4 less than equals greater than 7 |
| 09:11 | and press Enter . |
| 09:13 | We get the output as -1 |
| 09:14 | since 4 is less than 7. |
| 09:17 | As an assignment, |
| 09:19 | solve the following examples using irb and check the output: |
| 09:24 | * 10 + bracket 2 asterisk 5 bracket 8 slash 2 |
| 09:32 | * 4 astreisk 5 slash 2 plus 7 |
| 09:37 | * Also, try arithmetic operators using methods. |
| 09:42 | This brings us to the end of this Spoken Tutorial. |
| 09:45 | Let's summarize.. |
| 09:47 | In this tutorial, we have learnt about: |
| 09:49 | * Arithmetic Operators- plus, minus, asterisk, slash standing for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. |
| 09:59 | * Operator Precedence |
| 10:01 | * Relational Operators |
| 10:04 | using many examples. |
| 10:06 | Watch the video available at the following link. |
| 10:10 | It summarize the Spoken Tutorial project. |
| 10:14 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
| 10:18 | The Spoken Tutorial project team: |
| 10:20 | * Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
| 10:23 | * Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. |
| 10:26 | For more details, please write to:
contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| 10:32 | Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project. |
| 10:36 | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
| 10:43 | More information on this mission is available at:
spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro. |
| 10:51 | This script has been contributed by the spoken tutorial team, IIT Bombay. |
| 10:57 | And this is Anjana Nair, signing off. Thank you. |
