View source for PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/Fluid-Pressure-and-Flow/English-timed

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|| '''Time'''
|| '''Narration'''

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|| 00:01
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Fluid Pressure and Flow'''.

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|| 00:06
|| In this tutorial we will demonstrate '''Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation'''.

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|| 00:12
|| Here, I am using: Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

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|| 00:19
|| Java version 1.8.0

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|| 00:23
|| To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics.

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|| 00:30
|| Using this '''simulation''', We will demonstrate Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere.

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|| 00:39
|| Change in pressure in various fluid densities.

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|| 00:43
|| Bernoulli's principle.

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|| 00:46
|| Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
 
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|| 00:50
|| Observe the trajectory of a fluid

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|| 00:54
|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''.

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|| 00:58
||  I have already downloaded the simulation to my  '''Downloads''' folder.

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||  01:03
|| To run this simulation, open the terminal.

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|| 01:07
|| At the prompt type,  '''cd space Downloads''' and press  '''Enter'''.

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|| 01:15
||  Type  '''java space hyphen jar space fluid  hyphen  pressure  hyphen  and  hyphen  flow  underscore  en  dot  jar'''  and press ''' Enter'''.

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|| 01:29
|| '''Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation'''  opens.

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|| 01:33
|| Interface has three tabs.

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|| 01:36
|| On the left of the screen, we have three buttons.

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|| 01:40
|| On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens.

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|| 01:45
|| let us click on the first button.

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|| 01:48
|| Screen opens with a faucet and a tank.

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|| 01:53
|| Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water.

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|| 01:58
|| Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid.

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|| 02:04
|| Drag the slider to drain the fluid.

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|| 02:08
|| Drag and place the ''' Pressure gauge''' in the tank to touch the fluid.

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|| 02:14
|| To expand the '''Fluid Density''' box, click on the green '''Plus''' sign. 

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|| 02:20
|| Observe that the '''Fluid Density''' slider has three different fluids.

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|| 02:26
|| Drag the slider from '''gasoline''' to '''honey'''.

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|| 02:30
|| Observe the change in the '''Fluid Density''' as we drag.

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|| 02:36
|| In '''Fluid density''' box we can edit the values from 700 '''kg per meter cube''' to 1420 '''kg per meter cube'''.

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|| 02:45
|| Click on the red minus button to close the '''Fluid density''' box.

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|| 02:50
|| Click on the green plus button to expand the '''Gravity ''' box.

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|| 02:55
|| Observe that here a slider is provided to change '''Gravity''' from low to high.

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|| 03:02
|| The slider is at Earth. 

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|| 03:05
|| As we drag the '''Gravity''' slider observe that pressure changes.

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|| 03:11
|| Gravity's value can be changed from 1.0 ''' m/s<sup>2</sup>''' to 20 '''m/s<sup>2</sup>'''.

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|| 03:18
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button. 

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|| 03:21
|| Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim. 

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|| 03:26
|| Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive.

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|| 03:32
|| Select the '''Grid''' box to show the grid lines.

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|| 03:36
|| Drag and place the '''Pressure gauge''' on the 0 '''meter''' line. 

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|| 03:41
|| Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 '''kiloPascal'''.

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|| 03:49
|| Click on '''Atmosphere Off''' radio button.

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|| 03:53
|| Value of pressure is 0.00 '''KiloPascal'''.

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|| 03:58
|| Click the '''Atmosphere On''' radio button.

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|| 04:02
|| This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere.

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|| 04:08
|| Next we will measure pressure in different fluids.

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|| 04:13
|| We will make a tabular column for '''Fluid Density''', '''Depth''', and '''Pressure'''.

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|| 04:19
|| To take the measurement drag the '''Pressure''' gauge to 1 '''meter'''.

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|| 04:24
|| Note the value in the table. 

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|| 04:27
|| Similarly drag '''pressure gauge''' to 2 ''' meters''' and 3 '''metres''' and note the values.

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|| 04:36
|| I have noted the values in the table.

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|| 04:40
|| Drag the slider towards '''gasoline'''.

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|| 04:44
|| Observe the change in pressure as we change the density.

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|| 04:49
|| Drag the '''Pressure gauge''' to 1 '''meter''' to measure the pressure in gasoline.

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|| 04:56
|| As an Assignment, Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth.

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|| 05:03
|| Explain your observation.

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|| 05:07
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.

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|| 05:10
|| Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes.

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|| 05:16
|| Click on the third tank button.

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|| 05:19
|| An underground basin opens.

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|| 05:22
|| The basin is divided into two compartments.

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|| 05:26
|| Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet.

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|| 05:31
|| One 500 '''kg''' and two 250 '''kg''' weights.

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|| 05:37
|| Under '''Units''', click on '''Atmospheres''' radio button.

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|| 05:42
|| Observe the value on the pressure gauge.

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|| 05:45
|| It has changed from 101.300 '''kiloPascal''' to 0.9998 '''atmospheres'''.

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|| 05:55
|| Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water.

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|| 06:00
|| Observe the value on the pressure gauge.

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|| 06:04
|| Select the '''Grid''' check box.

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|| 06:07
|| Place 250 '''kg''' weight in the left compartment of the basin.

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|| 06:13
|| Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment. 

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|| 06:18
|| Continue to add 500 '''kg''' and 250 '''kg''' weights to the left compartment.

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|| 06:25
|| As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment. 

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|| 06:31
|| This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift.

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|| 06:36
|| We will now explore '''Flow''' tab.

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|| 06:39
|| Select the '''Flow''' tab to open the screen.

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|| 06:43
|| In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes.

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|| 06:49
|| Each end pipe is provided with three handles.

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|| 06:54
|| Height of the pipe can be changed using the upper and lower handles.

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|| 07:02
|| We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down.

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|| 07:09
|| We can control the flow rate by dragging the '''Flow Rate''' slider.

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|| 07:14
|| Now select '''Flux meter''' check box.

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|| 07:17
|| A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appears on the screen.

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|| 07:23
|| This box displays the value for '''Flow Rate''', '''Area''' and '''Flux'''.

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|| 07:30
|| Using the '''Flux meter''' we can calculate the total flux entering a given area.

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|| 07:37
|| Drag the '''Flux meter''' through the pipe.

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|| 07:40
|| Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe.

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|| 07:46
|| As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it.

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|| 07:52
|| The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area.

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|| 07:59
|| Uncheck the '''Flux meter ''' check-box.

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|| 08:03
|| Select '''Friction''' check-box.

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|| 08:06
|| Observe that the flow of dots slows down.

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|| 08:10
|| Using the '''Red Dots''' button we can insert black dots into the fluid.

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|| 08:16
||Click on '''Reset All''' button.

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|| 08:19
|| Let us uncheck the '''Dots''' check-box and click the '''Red''' button.

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|| 08:26
|| Drag and place '''Speed''' meter in the water pipe.

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|| 08:30
|| Similarly drag the '''Pressure''' gauge and place inside the water pipe. 

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|| 08:35
|| Drag the '''Pressure gauge''' and '''Speed''' meter all along the water pipe.

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|| 08:42
|| Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform.

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|| 08:48
|| This is because the flow of water is Streamlined.

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|| 08:52
|| Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape.

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|| 09:00
|| Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow.

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|| 09:05
|| Let us increase the '''Flow Rate''' to maximum.

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|| 09:09
|| Drag the '''Speed''' meter towards extreme left.

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|| 09:14
|| And observe the speed to be 3.5 '''meter per second'''.

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|| 09:19
|| Recall that speed is a '''scalar''' quantity.

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|| 09:23
|| Blue vector represents direction of velocity.

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|| 09:27
|| Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter.

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|| 09:32
|| Observe that the pressure is 115.896 '''kiloPascal'''. 

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|| 09:38
|| Drag another '''Speed''' meter from the tools and keep it in first wider region.

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|| 09:44
|| Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region.

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|| 09:49
|| The speed has decreased to 1.4 '''meter per second''' and the velocity vector has also decreased.

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|| 09:58
|| Drag and place '''Pressure''' gauge from the tool box in the first wider region.

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|| 10:04
|| Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 '''kiloPascal'''.

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|| 10:11
|| Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases.

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|| 10:18
|| As an assignment,Observe the change in speed and pressure when, fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey.

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|| 10:29
|| Click on '''Water Tower''' tab to open it.

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|| 10:33
|| In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank.

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|| 10:38
|| In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower.

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|| 10:43
||On the faucet there are two radio buttons.

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|| 10:47
|| '''Manual''' to start the flow of water and '''Match Leakage''' to stop the flow.

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|| 10:53
|| On the right side of the screen select the '''Measuring Tape''' check-box.

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|| 10:59
|| Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank.

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|| 11:04
|| Note the value of the height.

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|| 11:07
||Click on the '''Fill''' button to fill the tank completely.

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|| 11:12
|| Place the '''Pressure gauge''' on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure.

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|| 11:17
|| Note the value of pressure at the surface.
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|| 11:22
|| Let us solve the given numerical. 

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|| 11:25
|| A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 '''m'''.

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|| 11:32
|| Find the pressure exerted at the bottom of the tank. 

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|| 11:36
|| The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 '''kPa'''. 

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|| 11:40
|| Density of water is 1000 '''kg/m<sup>3</sup>'''. Take g= 9.81 '''m/sec<sup>2</sup>'''.

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|| 11:51
|| Click and drag the '''Pressure gauge''' to the bottom of the tank.

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|| 11:56
|| Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is 198.1 '''kiloPascal'''.

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|| 12:05
|| Calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank using the formula:'''P=P<sub>0</sub>+hρg'''.

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|| 12:14
|| Substitute the values from the numerical into the formula.

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|| 12:19
|| Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton.

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|| 12:24
|| The required pressure at the bottom of the tank is 204.5 '''kPa'''.

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|| 12:32
|| Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure.

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|| 12:37
|| Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value.

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|| 12:44
|| Solve the given numericals.

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|| 12:47
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button.

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|| 12:51
|| We will see the flow of water by changing the position of the '''Hose'''.

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|| 12:57
|| Click on '''Fill''' button to fill the tank.

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|| 13:00
|| First Align the '''Hose''' with the orange slider.

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|| 13:04
|| Open the orange slider.

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|| 13:07
|| Drag the '''Hose''' up and then down.

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|| 13:11
|| Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid.

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|| 13:15
|| Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes.

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|| 13:22
|| Let us summarize

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|| 13:24
|| In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, '''Fluid Pressure and Flow '''PhET '''simulation'''.

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|| 13:31
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have Demonstrated, How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere.

|-
|| 13:39
|| Pressure in different fluid densities.

|-
|| 13:43
|| Bernoulli’s Principle.

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|| 13:46
||Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the tank.

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|| 13:50
|| Observed the trajectory of the fluid.

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|| 13:54
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

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|| 13:59
|| Please download and watch it.

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|| 14:02
||The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team, conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests.

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|| 14:11
|| For more details, please write to us.

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|| 14:15
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.

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|| 14:19
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

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|| 14:27
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

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|| 14:34
|| More information on this mission is available at this link.

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|| 14:39
|| This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay 

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|| 14:42
|| Thank you for joining.
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