PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/Fluid-Pressure-and-Flow/English-timed
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Fluid Pressure and Flow. |
| 00:06 | In this tutorial we will demonstrate Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation. |
| 00:12 | Here, I am using: Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04 |
| 00:19 | Java version 1.8.0 |
| 00:23 | To follow this tutorial, Learner should be familiar with the topics in high school physics. |
| 00:30 | Using this simulation, We will demonstrate Change in pressure in the presence and absence of atmosphere. |
| 00:39 | Change in pressure in various fluid densities. |
| 00:43 | Bernoulli's principle. |
| 00:46 | Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank. |
| 00:50 | Observe the trajectory of a fluid |
| 00:54 | Use the given link to download the simulation. |
| 00:58 | I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder. |
| 01:03 | To run this simulation, open the terminal. |
| 01:07 | At the prompt type, cd space Downloads and press Enter. |
| 01:15 | Type java space hyphen jar space fluid hyphen pressure hyphen and hyphen flow underscore en dot jar and press Enter. |
| 01:29 | Fluid Pressure and Flow simulation opens. |
| 01:33 | Interface has three tabs. |
| 01:36 | On the left of the screen, we have three buttons. |
| 01:40 | On clicking each of the buttons a different underground tank opens. |
| 01:45 | let us click on the first button. |
| 01:48 | Screen opens with a faucet and a tank. |
| 01:53 | Click and drag the faucet slider to fill the tank with water. |
| 01:58 | Observe that an outlet is provided at the bottom of the tank to drain the fluid. |
| 02:04 | Drag the slider to drain the fluid. |
| 02:08 | Drag and place the Pressure gauge in the tank to touch the fluid. |
| 02:14 | To expand the Fluid Density box, click on the green Plus sign. |
| 02:20 | Observe that the Fluid Density slider has three different fluids. |
| 02:26 | Drag the slider from gasoline to honey. |
| 02:30 | Observe the change in the Fluid Density as we drag. |
| 02:36 | In Fluid density box we can edit the values from 700 kg per meter cube to 1420 kg per meter cube. |
| 02:45 | Click on the red minus button to close the Fluid density box. |
| 02:50 | Click on the green plus button to expand the Gravity box. |
| 02:55 | Observe that here a slider is provided to change Gravity from low to high. |
| 03:02 | The slider is at Earth. |
| 03:05 | As we drag the Gravity slider observe that pressure changes. |
| 03:11 | Gravity's value can be changed from 1.0 m/s2 to 20 m/s2. |
| 03:18 | Click on Reset All button. |
| 03:21 | Drag the faucet slider to fill the tank upto the brim. |
| 03:26 | Note that once the tank is filled to the brim, faucet slider becomes inactive. |
| 03:32 | Select the Grid box to show the grid lines. |
| 03:36 | Drag and place the Pressure gauge on the 0 meter line. |
| 03:41 | Here, observe that atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kiloPascal. |
| 03:49 | Click on Atmosphere Off radio button. |
| 03:53 | Value of pressure is 0.00 KiloPascal. |
| 03:58 | Click the Atmosphere On radio button. |
| 04:02 | This indicates that, pressure is measured in the presence of an atmosphere. |
| 04:08 | Next we will measure pressure in different fluids. |
| 04:13 | We will make a tabular column for Fluid Density, Depth, and Pressure. |
| 04:19 | To take the measurement drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter. |
| 04:24 | Note the value in the table. |
| 04:27 | Similarly drag pressure gauge to 2 meters and 3 metres and note the values. |
| 04:36 | I have noted the values in the table. |
| 04:40 | Drag the slider towards gasoline. |
| 04:44 | Observe the change in pressure as we change the density. |
| 04:49 | Drag the Pressure gauge to 1 meter to measure the pressure in gasoline. |
| 04:56 | As an Assignment, Note the change in the values of pressure for the given values of depth. |
| 05:03 | Explain your observation. |
| 05:07 | Click on Reset All button. |
| 05:10 | Now let's demonstrate the change in pressure as the tank's shape changes. |
| 05:16 | Click on the third tank button. |
| 05:19 | An underground basin opens. |
| 05:22 | The basin is divided into two compartments. |
| 05:26 | Observe that there are three weights on the left of the basin instead of a faucet. |
| 05:31 | One 500 kg and two 250 kg weights. |
| 05:37 | Under Units, click on Atmospheres radio button. |
| 05:42 | Observe the value on the pressure gauge. |
| 05:45 | It has changed from 101.300 kiloPascal to 0.9998 atmospheres. |
| 05:55 | Place the pressure gauge in the right compartment of the basin touching water. |
| 06:00 | Observe the value on the pressure gauge. |
| 06:04 | Select the Grid check box. |
| 06:07 | Place 250 kg weight in the left compartment of the basin. |
| 06:13 | Observe the change in the water level in the right compartment. |
| 06:18 | Continue to add 500 kg and 250 kg weights to the left compartment. |
| 06:25 | As we add the weights, notice the increase in water level in the right compartment. |
| 06:31 | This demonstrates the principle of hydraulic lift. |
| 06:36 | We will now explore Flow tab. |
| 06:39 | Select the Flow tab to open the screen. |
| 06:43 | In this screen we have a water tube and end pipes. |
| 06:49 | Each end pipe is provided with three handles. |
| 06:54 | Height of the pipe can be changed using the upper and lower handles. |
| 07:02 | We can click and drag the middle handle of the end pipe to move it up and down. |
| 07:09 | We can control the flow rate by dragging the Flow Rate slider. |
| 07:14 | Now select Flux meter check box. |
| 07:17 | A blue coloured ring along with a yellow box appears on the screen. |
| 07:23 | This box displays the value for Flow Rate, Area and Flux. |
| 07:30 | Using the Flux meter we can calculate the total flux entering a given area. |
| 07:37 | Drag the Flux meter through the pipe. |
| 07:40 | Observe that blue ring changes its size to adjust the size of the water pipe. |
| 07:46 | As we drag the ring, observe the value of flux that is passing through it. |
| 07:52 | The amount of flux passing through the ring depends on its area. |
| 07:59 | Uncheck the Flux meter check-box. |
| 08:03 | Select Friction check-box. |
| 08:06 | Observe that the flow of dots slows down. |
| 08:10 | Using the Red Dots button we can insert black dots into the fluid. |
| 08:16 | Click on Reset All button. |
| 08:19 | Let us uncheck the Dots check-box and click the Red button. |
| 08:26 | Drag and place Speed meter in the water pipe. |
| 08:30 | Similarly drag the Pressure gauge and place inside the water pipe. |
| 08:35 | Drag the Pressure gauge and Speed meter all along the water pipe. |
| 08:42 | Observe that values of speed and pressure remain uniform. |
| 08:48 | This is because the flow of water is Streamlined. |
| 08:52 | Click and drag the handles on both the sides of the water pipe to change its shape. |
| 09:00 | Observe the change in the speed and pressure in the turbulent flow. |
| 09:05 | Let us increase the Flow Rate to maximum. |
| 09:09 | Drag the Speed meter towards extreme left. |
| 09:14 | And observe the speed to be 3.5 meter per second. |
| 09:19 | Recall that speed is a scalar quantity. |
| 09:23 | Blue vector represents direction of velocity. |
| 09:27 | Drag the pressure gauge and place it on the speed meter. |
| 09:32 | Observe that the pressure is 115.896 kiloPascal. |
| 09:38 | Drag another Speed meter from the tools and keep it in first wider region. |
| 09:44 | Notice the change in speed and velocity in the wider region. |
| 09:49 | The speed has decreased to 1.4 meter per second and the velocity vector has also decreased. |
| 09:58 | Drag and place Pressure gauge from the tool box in the first wider region. |
| 10:04 | Observe that pressure has increased to 121.528 kiloPascal. |
| 10:11 | Here we can say that as pressure increases, speed decreases. |
| 10:18 | As an assignment,Observe the change in speed and pressure when, fluid density is changed to gasoline and honey. |
| 10:29 | Click on Water Tower tab to open it. |
| 10:33 | In this screen we will calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank. |
| 10:38 | In this screen we can see a faucet and a water tower. |
| 10:43 | On the faucet there are two radio buttons. |
| 10:47 | Manual to start the flow of water and Match Leakage to stop the flow. |
| 10:53 | On the right side of the screen select the Measuring Tape check-box. |
| 10:59 | Adjust the measuring tape to measure the height of the Tank. |
| 11:04 | Note the value of the height. |
| 11:07 | Click on the Fill button to fill the tank completely. |
| 11:12 | Place the Pressure gauge on the inlet of the tank to measure the pressure. |
| 11:17 | Note the value of pressure at the surface. |
| 11:22 | Let us solve the given numerical. |
| 11:25 | A tank of cubical shape is filled with water to a height of 10.42 m. |
| 11:32 | Find the pressure exerted at the bottom of the tank. |
| 11:36 | The atmospheric pressure is 102.3 kPa. |
| 11:40 | Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. Take g= 9.81 m/sec2. |
| 11:51 | Click and drag the Pressure gauge to the bottom of the tank. |
| 11:56 | Observe that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is 198.1 kiloPascal. |
| 12:05 | Calculate pressure at the bottom of the tank using the formula:P=P0+hρg. |
| 12:14 | Substitute the values from the numerical into the formula. |
| 12:19 | Notice that the value of pressure is converted to newton. |
| 12:24 | The required pressure at the bottom of the tank is 204.5 kPa. |
| 12:32 | Now we will compare the calculated value with the observed pressure. |
| 12:37 | Notice that pressure in the simulation is comparable to the calculated value. |
| 12:44 | Solve the given numericals. |
| 12:47 | Click on Reset All button. |
| 12:51 | We will see the flow of water by changing the position of the Hose. |
| 12:57 | Click on Fill button to fill the tank. |
| 13:00 | First Align the Hose with the orange slider. |
| 13:04 | Open the orange slider. |
| 13:07 | Drag the Hose up and then down. |
| 13:11 | Observe the trajectory of flow of the fluid. |
| 13:15 | Here as the depth decreases trajectory of the fluid changes. |
| 13:22 | Let us summarize |
| 13:24 | In this tutorial, we have demonstrated, Fluid Pressure and Flow PhET simulation. |
| 13:31 | Using this simulation we have Demonstrated, How pressure changes in presence and absence of atmosphere. |
| 13:39 | Pressure in different fluid densities. |
| 13:43 | Bernoulli’s Principle. |
| 13:46 | Calculated the pressure at the bottom of the tank. |
| 13:50 | Observed the trajectory of the fluid. |
| 13:54 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
| 13:59 | Please download and watch it. |
| 14:02 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team, conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. |
| 14:11 | For more details, please write to us. |
| 14:15 | Please post your timed queries on this forum. |
| 14:19 | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. |
| 14:27 | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
| 14:34 | More information on this mission is available at this link. |
| 14:39 | This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT Bombay |
| 14:42 | Thank you for joining. |
