View source for PhET/C2/Build-an-Atom/English-timed

{|border=1
||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

|-
|00:01
| Welcome to this tutorial on ''''Build an Atom' simulation'''. 

|-
|00:06
|In this tutorial, we will 
demonstrate '''Build an Atom''', Interactive '''PhET simulation'''. 

|-
|00:13
| To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science. 

|-
|00:20
| Here I am using-

'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04

'''Java''' version 1.7.0

'''Firefox Web Browser''' Version 53.02.2.

|-
|00:36
|  Using this simulation, students will be able to:
1. Build an atom using protons, neutrons and electrons.

|-
|00:46
| 2. Identify an element and its position on the periodic table. 

|-
|00:52
| 3.Determine whether an atom is neutral or an ion.
4. Predict the charge. 

|-
|01:00
|5. Determine the mass of an atom or ion. 

6. Determine the stability of atom or ion created. 

|-
|01:10
|7. Represent the atomic symbols.
8. Create isotopes of an element.

|-
|01:17
| Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter.

|-
|01:21
|Each atom consists of a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

|-
|01:27
|Nucleus is surrounded by much lighter, negatively-charged electrons.

|-
|01:33
|Nucleus may also contain neutrons. Neutron has same mass as proton but it has no charge.

|-
|01:42
| Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines the chemical element.

|-
|01:48
| Chemical properties of an element arise due to number & arrangement of electrons.

|-
|01:55
|  Let us get started.

|-
|01:57
|  Use the given link to download the simulation. 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]

|-
|02:01
| I have already downloaded '''Build an Atom''' simulation to my '''Downloads''' folder.

|-
|02:07
| To open the simulation, right click on '''build-an-atom_en.html''' file.

|-
|02:13
| Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option. File opens in the browser. 

|-
|02:21
| This is the interface of '''Build-an-Atom''' simulation.

|-
|02:26
| The interface has 3 screens- 

'''Atom''', '''Symbol''' and  '''Game'''.

|-
|02:33
|Let us begin our simulation with '''Atom''' screen.

|-
|02:37
| Click on '''Atom''' screen. 

|-
|02:40
|Using this screen, students can- build atoms, determine the identity, net-charge and mass of an atom.

|-
|02:51
|'''Atom''' screen shows a '''Bohr's''' model of an atom.

|-
|02:56
|It shows position of nucleus and 2 orbits.

|-
|03:01
|At the bottom of the screen, there are 3 containers with  '''Protons''',  '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons'''.

|-
|03:09
| On the right-side, there are 3 panels- '''Element''', '''Net charge''' and '''Mass Number'''.

|-
|03:18
|To open the panel, click on the green plus sign located on top-right corner on each panel.

|-
|03:26
|This allows you to view the changes as you change the number of particles.

|-
|03:33
|At the bottom of the screen, you will see '''Show''' box. In the box, click on '''Stable/Unstable''' check box.

|-
|03:42
|The top left corner of the screen shows a box. 

|-
|03:47
|It shows the number of '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons''', we have used to create the atom.
|-
|03:56
| Let us start by building '''Hydrogen''' atom. From the '''Proton''' container, click on the '''Proton'''.

|-
|04:04
|Drag and drop on the '''X''' mark, which represents the nucleus of an atom.

|-
|04:10
|Simultaneously observe the changes in each of the panels.

|-
|04:16
| Hydrogen atom is the simplest of all elements. It has one electron in the first orbit and one proton in the nucleus. 

|-
|04:27
| Drag an '''Electron''' and place in the first orbit. By default, the orbits are shown as circular dashed lines.

|-
|04:36
|Under '''Model''' heading, click on '''Cloud''' radio button. This will show the orbit as electron cloud.

|-
|04:44
|Click on '''Orbits''' radio button to show the default orbits.

|-
|04:49
| Observe all the '''panels''' on the '''screen'''.

|-
|04:53
|'''Element''' box shows '''Hydrogen''' as '''Element'''.

|-
|04:57
|'''Net charge''' is zero and is labeled as neutral atom. '''Mass number''' is one.

|-
|05:06
|It also shows that the atom is '''Stable'''.

|-
|05:10
| Now add one more '''Proton''' to the nucleus. The atom is shown as '''Unstable Helium Ion'''.

|-
|05:18
|Add one more '''Electron''' in the 1st orbit. Now it is a '''Neutral''' atom but the atom is still labeled as '''Unstable'''.

|-
|05:28
|Add a '''Neutron''' to the nucleus. The atom is now '''Stable'''. 

|-
|05:34
|The '''Mass Number''' shows 3, but we know that atomic mass of helium is 4.  So, add another '''Neutron''' to the nucleus. 

|-
|05:44
|This completes the atomic structure of '''Helium''' atom.

|-
|05:49
|Helium atom has 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons and 2 Electrons. 

|-
|05:55
| We can add '''Neutrons''' to the nucleus, to create isotopes of the same element.

|-
|06:01
|Atoms of the same element that differ in neutrons are called isotopes. 

|-
|06:07
|Isotopes of same element have same chemical properties.

|-
|06:12
| Remove one '''Proton''', one '''Electron''' and 2 '''Neutrons''' from the '''Helium''' atom. Now we have hydrogen atom, also called '''Protium'''.

|-
|06:25
| Let us create '''isotopes''' of '''Hydrogen'''.

|-
|06:29
| '''Hydrogen''' has three isotopes. '''Protium''', '''Deuterium''' and '''Tritium'''.

|-
|06:36
|Nucleus of '''Protium''' contains only one '''Proton'''.

|-
|06:39
|'''Deuterium''' has one '''Proton''' and one '''Neutron'''. '''Tritium''' has one '''Proton''' and 2 '''Neutrons'''.

|-
|06:48
| Add one '''Neutron''' to the nucleus. '''Deuterium''' atom is created. 

|-
|06:55
|It is '''Stable'''. Add another '''Neutron''' to the nucleus to create '''tritium'''. '''Tritium''' is unstable, as shown here.

|-
|07:06
| As an assignment:
create a neutral carbon atom. Show isotopes of carbon. 

|-
|07:14
|Click on '''reset''' button at the bottom-right corner. This will reset the screen to default settings. 

|-
|07:24
| Next, click on '''Symbol''' screen at the bottom of the interface. Using this screen, students can interpret atomic symbols. 

|-
|07:34
| Notice that a '''Symbol''' panel is added on the screen.

|-
|07:39
|Atom of every element is represented by a '''symbol'''. It gives information about atomic number, mass number and charge. 

|-
|07:52
|The subscript number is called the atomic number. The superscript number is called the '''mass number'''.
Charge on the atom is shown on the top-right corner. 

|-
|08:06
| The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number.

|-
|08:11
|The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number.

|-
|08:18
|  Add '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons''' to the atom.

|-
|08:24
|Observe the '''Symbol''' panel.

|-
|08:26
|Note the change in name of '''Element''', atomic number, '''Mass Number''' and charge.

|-
|08:34
| Now we will move on to the '''Game''' screen.

|-
|08:36
|Click on '''Game''' screen at the bottom of the interface. Four different games are available.

|-
|08:45
|These games will test the knowledge gained using this simulation.

|-
|08:50
| A timer and a sound button are provided at the bottom-left corner of the screen.
Click on the timer button to enable the timer before the game starts.

|-
|09:02
|We can also control the sound by clicking on the sound symbol.

|-
|09:08
| Click on each game screen and explore.

|-
|09:17
| In this tutorial, we have learnt:
how to use '''Build an Atom''', interactive PhET simulation.

|-
|09:24
| Using this simulation, we have learnt to -

1. Build models of Hydrogen and Helium atoms.

2. Add or remove electrons to create ions.

3. Add or remove neutrons to create isotopes.

|-
|09:38
| As an assignment:
create a neutral oxygen atom.

|-
|09:43
|Add two electrons to the neutral atom.

Observe the change in parameters on various panels.

Try to remove electrons from the inner shells, observe the results.

|-
|09:56
| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. Please download and watch it.

|-
|10:04
| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.

|-
|10:18
| Please post your timed queries on this forum.

|-
|10:22
| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.

|-
|10:30
| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
|10:41
| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao, from IIT Bombay. Thank you for joining. 
|-
|}