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Visual Cue Narration
00.01 Hello everybody.
00.02 Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle.
00.08 In this tutorial, we will learn about
00.11 Grammar of Turtle script and 'if'-'else' condition
00.16 To record this tutorial I am using, Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04. KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.
00.29 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle
00.35 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. http://spoken-tutorial.org
00.40 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
00.43 Click on Dash home.
00.45 In the Search bar, type KTurtle.
00.49 Click on the KTurtle icon.
00.52 We can also open KTurtle using Terminal.
00.56 Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the Terminal.
01.01 Type KTurtle and press enter to open the KTurtle Application.
01.08 Let's first look at TurtleScript
01.11 TurtleScript is a programming language
01.15 It has different types of words and symbols used for various purposes
01.21 It instructs Turtle what to do
01.25 Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes-
01.30 Comments
01.31 Commands
01.32 Numbers
01.33 Strings
01.34 Variables and
01.36 Boolean values
01.38 Now we will see where to store numbers
01.42 Numbers can be stored in
01.44 Mathematical operators
01.46 Comparison operators and
01.49 Variables
01.50 I will zoom the program text for clear view.
01.54 First let's look at variables.
01.57 Variables are words that start with ‘$’ sign, for example $a.
02.04 In the editor they are highlighted in purple color.
02.09 Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.
02.14 Variables can contain numbers $a=100.
02.20 strings $a=hello or
02.25 boolean values that is true or false $a=true
02.32 Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.
02.41 For example, consider the code.
02.44 Let us type,$a = 2004
02.50 $b = 25
02.55 print $a + $b
03.01 Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004.
03.06 Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25
03.10 print command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.
03.15 print command, takes numbers and strings as input.
03.19 print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas.
03.29 Let's Run the code in slow speed.
03.34 Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas
03.40 Let us next see the Mathematical Operators.
03.44 Mathematical operators include,
  • + (Addition)
  • - (Subtraction)
  • * (Multiplcation) and
  • / (Division)
03.53 I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
04.01 I already have a program in a text editor.
04.05 I will Explain the code now
04.08 “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position
04.12 canvassize 200,200 fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
04.22 value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add,
04.26 Value 20-5 is assigned to variable $subtract,
04.31 value 15 * 2 is be assigned to the variable $multiply.
04.36 30/30 is assigned to the variable $divide.
04.40 go 10,10 commands to Turtle to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
04.52 print command displays the varible on the canvas
04.56 I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
05.03 Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor.
05.08 Resume the tutorial after typing the program
05.13 Let us click on Run button to run the program
05.17 Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.
05.22 Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.
05.34 Let us consider a simple example for using comparison operator .


05.41 I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
05.49 I will zoom the progrm text to have clear view
05.53 Let's type
05.55 $answer = 10 > 3
06.03 print $answer
06.09 Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’greater than’ operator.
06.14 The result of this comparison, the boolean value true is stored in the
06.19 variable $answer and the value true is displayed on the canvas.
06.27 Let's run the code now
06.29 Turtle displays Boolean value true on the canvas.
06.34 Now lets see how Strings work in this application –
06.39 Strings can be put in variables like numbers
06.43 Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators
06.49 Strings are highlighted in red color
06.53 KTurtle identifies a line in double quotes as a string
07.00 I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
07.08 Now I will explain about Boolean values.
07.11 There are only two boolean values: true and false.
07.16 For example Let's type the code
07.20 $answer = 7<5
07.28 print $answer
07.34 Boolean value false is assigned to variable $answer because 7 is greater than 5
07.43 Let's Run the code now
07.47 Turtle diplays Boolean value false on the canvas.
07.51 Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.
07.56 ‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’
08.03 ‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’ .
08.09 I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
08.17 I already have a code in a text file.
08.21 This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
08.30 I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
08.36 Pause the tutorial and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08.42 Resume the tutorial after typing the program
08.46 Let's Run the code now
08.49 the Turtle has compared the values 4 and 5.
08.53 and has displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .
09.00 With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
09.05 Let's summarize.
09.07 In this tutorial, we have learnt about
09.11 Grammar of Turtle script and
09.14 ‘if-else’ condition
09.17 Now to the assignment part.
09.19 Solve an equation using
09.22 if - else condition
09.24 Mathematical and comparision operators
09.27 Display the results using “print” and “go” commands.
09.33 To solve the assignment
09.35 Choose any four random numbers
09.38 Multiply two sets of random numbers
09.42 Compare the results using the comparison operators
09.46 Display both the results
09.49 Display greater result at the center of the canvas
09.54 You can choose any equation which you like.
09.59 Watch the video available at this URL http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial
10.03 It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
10.06 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
10.12 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
10.14 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
10.18 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
10.22 For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
10.30 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
10.35 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
1043 More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]
10.48 The Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru.
10.52 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining.