Linux/C2/The-Linux-Environment/Khasi

Time	Narration
00:00	Pdiang sngewbha sha ka spoken tutorial halor ka The Linux Environment bad ki rukom ban pynpher ïaka.
00:07	Ka Linux system kaba treikam, bad ka Ubuntu ka kham bha namar yn donkam ban pyrshang ïaki nuksa bala pyni ha kane ka tutorial.
00:13	Ngi ngeit ba phi la tip kumno ban plie sdang ïaka Linux operating system bad phi don katto katne ka jingtip ba malu mala shaphang ki commands, file systems bad shell.
00:22	Lada phi sngewkwah tip shuh shuh, kadon ha kawei pat ka spoken tutorial, haka website jong ngi.
00:32	Sngewbha kynmaw ba la pyndonkam daka Ubuntu 10.10 ban record ïa kane ka tutorial.
00:36	kynmaw ruh ba ka Linux ka long case sensitive. Baroh ki commands bala pyndonkam ha kane ka tutorial ki long haki lower case tad ynda ong da kumwei pat.
00:46	Ka Linux environment ka pyniaid kumno ka operating system ka leh bad phi, kumno ka leh ïaki command, kumno ka pynkylla ïaki jingleh jong phi bad ter ter.
00:55	ïaka Linux lah ban pynwandur bha dakaba pynkylla ïaki setting jong ka shell.
00:58	To ngin ïa sngewthuh kumno lah ban leh ïa kine baroh. Ka rukom treikam jong ka shell bunsien la pyniaid daka shell variables.
01:04	Ki don ar tylli ki jaid shell variable ba kham kongsan: ka Environment Variables bad Local Variables.
01:12	Environment variables, la ai kyrteng kumta namar ki long ba lah ban ioh haka environment jong u user baroh kawei.
01:19	Lah ruh ban ioh ïa kine haki sub-shells bala spawn daka shell kum kito kiba run naka bynta ki shell scripts.
01:24	Ki Local Variables, kumba ka kyrteng ka batai, ka don khambun ki jingkhanglad bad ka duna ruh haka jingdon jong ka.
01:31	ïa kine ymlah ban ioh haki sub-shells bala spawn daka shell.
01:36	Katba ha kane ka tutorial, ngin ïakren khambun shaphang ka environment variables. Nyngkong to ngin peit shwa kumno lah ban iohi ïaka value jong kine ki shell variables.
01:48	Ban iohi lut ïa baroh ki variable kiba don haka shell kaba mynta, ngi run ïaka command set.
01:53	Type ha u terminal: set space pipeline character more bad ñion Enter.
02:00	Ngi lah ban iohi ïa baroh ki shell variables kiba mynta.
02:04	Kumka nuksa: Peit khyndiat ïaka HOME environment variable, bad ruh peit thuh ïaka value bala buh ïaka.
02:15	ñion Enter ban ïaid lyngba ka list bad ban mih noh ñion q.
02:21	Hangn, ka output naka set la pipeline sha more khnang ba ka jingpyni jong ka variable list kan kham long ka multipage output kaba beit.
02:38	Ban peit tang ïaka environment variables, run ïaka command env.
02:45	Type ha u terminal:env space 'vertical-bar' more bad ñion Enter.
02:52	Kumka nuksa, peit thuh ïaka SHELL variable kaba ka value jong ka kadei slash bin slash bash.
03:00	Phi lah ban ñion biang ïa u q ban mih noh naka list.
03:07	Mynta to ngin ïa kren ïaki environment variable kiba kham kongsan haka Linux.
03:11	Ngin pyndonkam ïaka bash shell naka bynta baroh ki jingpyni nuksa hangne.
03:15	ïaki shell bapher la pynwandur haki rukom kaba kham pher.
03:19	Ban peit kaei kaba ka variable ka buh, ngi dei ban buh shwa u saiñ dollar shwa kata ka kyrteng jong kata ka variable bad pyndonkam lang bad ka the echo command.
03:30	Ka environment variable kaba nyngkong kaba ngin peit kadei ka SHELL variable.
03:35	Ka buh ïaka kyrtengjong ka shell kaba mynta.
03:37	Ban peit kaei ka value jong ka SHELL variable, type ha u terminal: echo space dollar S-H-E-L-L haki dak heh bad ñion Enter.
03:55	Hangne, slash bin slash bash Kadei ka shell ha kaba ngi dang treikam mynta.
04:02	Ka variable kaba bud kadei HOME.
04:05	Haba ngi login sha ka Linux, manka por ka buh ïa ngi haka directory kaba la jer kyrteng katkum ka user name jong ngi.
04:11	Kane ka directory la khot ka 'home directory' bad kane ka long kaei kaba don haka 'HOME' variable.
04:17	Ban peit iaka value, type ha u terminal: echo space dollar H-O-M-E haki dak heh bad ñion Enter.
04:29	Ka environment variable ba bud kadei PATH.
04:32	Ka PATH variable ka kynthup ïaka absolute paths jong ki directory baka shell kadei ban wad ïa kano kano ka command ban pyntreikam.
04:40	To ngin peit ïaka value jong ka path variable.
04:43	type biang ha u terminal: echo space dollar P-A-T-H haki dak heh bad ñion Enter.
04:51	Haka computer jong nga, ka pyni slash user slash local slash sbin slash user slash local slash bin slash user slash sbin slash user slash bin ter ter.
05:04	Kane ka lah ban ïapher na kawei ka system sha kawei pat.
05:07	Kadei ka list jong ki directory bala pynïakhlad da u:(colon) delimiter, ba ka shell kan wad ha kane khnang ba kan shem ïaka command ban pyntreikam.
05:18	Ngi lah ruh ban thep ïaka directory jong ngi sha kane ka list khnang ba ynwad ïaka directory jong ngi daka shell.
05:25	Ban thep ïaka directory jong ngi type ha u terminal:
05:29	P-A-T-H haki dak heh 'equal-to' dollar P-A-T-H haki dakheh biang colon slash home slash ka kyrteng jong ka home directory jong nga bad ñion Enter.
05:54	Mynta lada ngi echo ïaka value jong ka PATH,
06:04	Ka directory jong ngi bala thep lang ruh kan long shibynta jong ka PATH variable.
06:10	Peit ba ka directory kala don lang hangne.
06:16	Sa kawei variable kaba sngewtynnad ka long LOGNAME.
06:20	Ka buh ïaka username jong u user uba dang long active mynta.
06:24	Ban peit ïaka value, type: echo space dollar LOGNAME bad ñion Enter.
06:35	Haba ngi plie ïa u terminal ngi lah ban iohi ïa u dollar sign uba long u hakaba ngi lah ban thep ïa baroh ki command jong ngi.
06:42	Une udei u primary prompt string ba la pyni kdew da ka environment variable 'PS1'.
06:47	U don ruh u secondary prompt string.
06:50	Lada ka command jong ngi ka jrong bad ka tam palat ïa shi laiñ, te naka laiñ kaba ar sha khmat ngi lah ban ïohi u greater than sign “>” kum u prompt.
07:00	Une udei u secondary prompt string bala pyni kdew da ka environment variable 'PS2'.
07:05	Ban peit ïaka value jong u secondary command prompt, type ha u terminal: echo space dollar PS2 bad ñion Enter.
07:20	Ngi lah ban pynkylla ïa u primary prompt string jong ngi sha, lehse, “at the rate” <@> ha u prompt.
07:28	Ban leh ïa kane, type PS1 'equal-to' mynta hapoh ki quote 'at the rate' “@"bad ñion Enter.
07:41	Mynta haka jaka jong u dollar sign ngi lah ban ïohi u at the rate sign kum u prompt.
07:50	Ngi lah ban leh kaei kaei kaba kham sngewtynnad shuh. Kum, ngi lah ban pyni ïaka username jong ngi ha u prompt.
07:56	Shu type: PS1 haki dak heh 'equal-to' hapoh ki quote dollar LOGNAME bad ñion Enter.
08:12	Mynta ka username jong nga kadei u prompt.
08:16	Ban leit phai pat, type: PS1 'equal-to' dollar hapoh ki quote bad ñion Enter.
08:28	Ngi lah buh value ïa shibun naki environment variables.
08:32	Hynrei, kynmaw kawei ba kine ki jingpynkylla ki long tang naka bynta ka session kaba mynta.
08:37	Kumba ngi dang shudep thep shuh ïaka directory jong ngi sha ka PATH variable.
08:40	Lada ngi khang ïa u terminal bad plie biang ïa u lane plie beit da u terminal ba thymmai bad peit ïaka path variable dakaba echo ïaki value jong ka,
09:00	Ngin sa lyngngoh ban iohi ba ki jingpynkylla jong ngi kim don shuh.
09:05	Ka rukom ban pynlong permanent ïa kine ki jingpynkylla ynsa ïa peit pat haki tutorial kiba kham advance.
09:13	Bunsien ngi kwah ban pyntreikam biang ïaki command kiba ngi la pyntreikam mynshwa. Kumno ngin leh? Hato ngi donkam ban type biang ïa ka command baroh kawei?
09:22	Em, kidon bun bha ki jingpynlah na bynta kata.
09:26	Nyngkong, bunsien lada phi ñion ïa u 'up key' haka keyboard jong phi, te kan sa pyni ïaka command kaba phi dang shudep type myntan.
09:33	ïai ñion shi ñion bad kan sa ïaid lyngba ki command baroh kiba hashwa.
09:37	Ban leit phai ñion ïa u down key.
09:42	Hynrei haba phi dei ban ïaid lyngba shibun ki command, kane kan pynlong thait ïaphi. Ka rukom kaba kham bha ka long ban pyndonkam ïa ka history command.
09:52	Type Ha u prompt history.
09:58	bad ñion Enter, peit ka list jong ki command bala pyntreikam hashwa ka paw.
10:04	Bad lada haka jaka ban peit ïaka list ba heh, phi kwah tang ïaki shiphew tylli nakaba khadduh,
10:08	type history space 10' bad ñion Enter.
10:20	Peit thuh, ha kane ka list, u don u dak jingkheiñ bala buh naka bynta kawei pa kawei ka command bala pyntreikam hashwa.
10:27	Ban leh biang ïa kawei naki command,
10:32	Shu type u dak jingkyndit bala pynbud da u dak jingkheiñ jong ka command, kumka nuksa 442 haka khep jong nga, kan pyntreikam ïaka echo space dollar PATH
10:51	Lada phi donkam ban pyntreikam biang ïaka command ba khadduh, shu type ïa u dak jingkyndit arsien bad ñion Enter.
11:03	Kaba bud kaba ngin peit la khot ka 'tilde' substitution. U dak tilde(~) u dei u shorthand naka bynta ka home directory.
11:12	Te, lehse phi don ka directory daka kyrteng testtree haka home directory jong phi. Phi lah ban leit shata dakaba type: cd space ~(tilde) slash testtree.
11:25	Phi lah ruh ban leit naka directory kaba phi treikam mynta sha ka directory kaba phi treikam mynne dakaba ai ïaka command cd '~(tilde)' minus lane tang cd minus
11:35	Kumba mynta, ngi don haka testtree directory, ka directory kaba ngi leit khadduh mynne ka dei ka home directory.
11:41	Te lada ngi run cd space minus bad ñion Enter, kan leit sha ka home directory.
11:47	Run biang ïaka bad kan rah pat ïa ngi shaka testtree directory.
11:55	Ka command ba khadduh bad kaba kham kongsan kaba ngin peit kadei ka alias command.
11:59	Ka lah ban jia ba phi don ka command kaba heh kaba donkam ban run shi ruh.
12:04	Ha kane ka khep, ngi lah ban ai ka kyrteng sin lyngkot alias bad pyndonkam ka kyrteng alias haka jaka jong ka ban pynmih ïaka.
12:11	Shu mutdur ba phi don ka directory kaba hiar pateng kaba jrong ba kaba phi ju leit man ka por naka bynta ki jingrwai, phi lah ban shna ïaka kyrteng sin naka bynta kane kumne.
12:20	Type: alias space cdMusic 'equal-to' hapoh ki double quotes cd space slash home slash arc slash files slash entertainment slash music bad ñion Enter.
12:47	Mynta manka por ba phi donkam ban leit sha kane ka directory shu thoh cdMusic bad ñion Enter.
12:55	Peit, ngi don mynta haka music directory.
12:58	Mynta, phi lah ban type cd space minus ha u prompt ban leit phai biang sha ka directory kaba phi treikam mynne.
13:08	Ban ymset shuh ïa ka alias, shu thoh unalias space cdMusic bad ñoin Enter.
13:20	Mynta lada phi phah biang cdMusic na u terminal, phin sa iohi ïaka error kaba ong ba ym shymla shem satia ïa kato ka command.
13:30	Shubuh ngi don haka directory ba ngi treikam mynta artylli ki file, kata test1 bad test2.
13:38	Bad lada ngi phah rm test1, ïa u test1 lah shu delete jar jar ïa u.
13:45	Ngi tip ba ka jingjied hyphen i jong ka command rm ka pynlong ïaka removal process interactive.
13:52	Te ngi lah ban set ïaka alias kum, alias rm ka ïa ryngkat ïa, mynta hapoh ki quotes rm space hyphen i
14:03	Mynta ynda ngi run ïa u rm , yn run pynban ïa u rm hyphen i.
14:13	Te ngi la iohi ba katba dang delete jar jar ïa ka test1, ka system ka kylli shwa ban delete ïa ka test2.
14:20	Te, ha kane ka tutorial, phi la pule shaphang ka environment variables, history bad aliasing.
14:25	Kane ka wallam ïa ngi sha kaba kut jong kane ka tutorial.
14:28	Ka Spoken Tutorials ka dei shi bynta jong ka Talk to a Teacher project, bala kyrshan daka National Mission on Education through ICT
14:36	Khambun ka jingtip halor kane, kadon haka website jong ngi.
14:42	ïa kane ka script la pynkylla sha ka Ktien Khasi da I Hezekiah Lyngdoh na Shillong. Khublei ba phi la ïasnohlang.

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