Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Type-1-and-Type-2-nutrients/English-timed
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
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| 00:00 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on type 1 and type 2 nutrients. |
| 00:06 | This tutorial is about the difference between type 1 and type 2 nutrients. |
| 00:12 | Let us begin. |
| 00:14 | Food gives us energy and nutrients. |
| 00:17 | Nutrients are necessary for the growth and maintenance of our body. |
| 00:22 | Some of these nutrients cannot be produced by our body. |
| 00:27 | Such nutrients are called essential nutrients. |
| 00:31 | There are 40 essential nutrients that we must obtain from food. |
| 00:36 | We cannot get adequate amounts of these nutrients from nutrient-poor foods. |
| 00:42 | Such foods, even in large amounts, can satisfy only the feeling of hunger. |
| 00:48 | However, we can be deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients. |
| 00:54 | This is known as hidden hunger. |
| 00:58 | Essential nutrients are divided into 2 types: |
| 01:02 | Type 1 nutrients or functional nutrients |
| 01:05 | and Type 2 nutrients or growth nutrients. |
| 01:09 | Iron,
calcium, |
| 01:11 | iodine
and copper are type 1 nutrients. |
| 01:15 | Manganese, |
| 01:17 | fluorine
and selenium also belong to the same group. |
| 01:21 | Vitamin B,
C, |
| 01:23 | A,
D, |
| 01:25 | E
and K are type 1 nutrients as well. |
| 01:29 | Sulphur,
chlorine and |
| 01:32 | protein or essential amino acids are type 2 nutrients. |
| 01:37 | Sodium,
potassium, |
| 01:39 | magnesium,
phosphorus |
| 01:41 | and zinc also belong to the same group. |
| 01:45 | Essential fatty acids like omega 3 are type 2 nutrients as well. |
| 01:51 | Let’s understand the difference between type 1 and type 2 nutrients. |
| 01:56 | Type 1 nutrients are required for specific functions in the tissues. |
| 02:02 | Therefore, they are concentrated in a particular tissue or group of tissues. |
| 02:08 | Let’s take calcium and vitamin A as examples. |
| 02:13 | Calcium is required for strong bones. |
| 02:17 | Vitamin A is required for healthy eyes. |
| 02:21 | By contrast, type 2 nutrients are required for the overall growth of the body. |
| 02:28 | They form part of the structure and function of each and every cell in the body. |
| 02:34 | Therefore, they are present in all body tissues |
| 02:38 | Let’s discuss the response of our body to type 1 and 2 nutrient deficiencies. |
| 02:45 | During a type 1 nutrient deficiency, the body continues to grow normally. |
| 02:50 | Body takes this nutrient from the specific tissues in which it is stored. |
| 02:57 | Let’s take calcium as an example. |
| 03:00 | In calcium deficiency, the body uses the calcium stored in the bones. |
| 03:07 | As a result, the concentration of that nutrient in the tissues decreases. |
| 03:13 | Then, the organs dependant on that nutrient are affected. |
| 03:18 | Therefore, the person becomes ill. |
| 03:21 | The sick person then shows a specific sign of deficiency. |
| 03:26 | Let’s understand this with the help of 4 examples: |
| 03:31 | 1. Bone-thinning and increased risk of fractures are signs of calcium deficiency. |
| 03:37 | 2. Anaemia is a sign of iron deficiency. |
| 03:41 | 3. Night blindness is a sign of vitamin A deficiency. |
| 03:45 | 4. And Hypothyroidism is a sign of iodine deficiency. |
| 03:50 | On the other hand, there is only 1 sign of type 2 nutrient deficiencies. |
| 03:57 | That sign is called growth failure. |
| 04:00 | Growth failure means the body reduces the rate of 2 major processes: |
| 04:06 | 1. Formation of new cells and |
| 04:09 | 2. Replacement of old cells. |
| 04:11 | The body stops growing and making new tissues. |
| 04:16 | This leads to low body weight, |
| 04:18 | short height
and decreased muscle mass. |
| 04:23 | All the cells of the body, including the immune system, are affected. |
| 04:29 | This increases the risk of infections. |
| 04:32 | Eventually, it can cause death. |
| 04:35 | Type 2 nutrients are not stored in the body. |
| 04:39 | In a deficiency, the body may start to break down its tissues or muscles. |
| 04:45 | This releases the type 2 nutrient in which the body is deficient. |
| 04:50 | This nutrient will then be used for other tissues of the body. |
| 04:56 | When tissue breakdown becomes severe, the functions of the cells are affected. |
| 05:02 | Also, there is a reduction in the appetite. |
| 05:05 | The tissue breakdown provides the nutrient in which the body is deficient. |
| 05:11 | However, it also releases all the other type 2 nutrients from the tissues. |
| 05:17 | These nutrients are then excreted from the body. |
| 05:21 | So, all type 2 nutrients must be provided in a type 2 nutrient deficiency. |
| 05:28 | Correcting a type 1 nutrient deficiency does not require all type 1 nutrients. |
| 05:34 | It can be treated by giving only the nutrient in which the body is deficient. |
| 05:40 | Next, let’s discuss the availability of type 1 and 2 nutrients from breastmilk. |
| 05:47 | Breastmilk contains stable stores of type 2 nutrients. |
| 05:52 | They do not change even if the mother is undernourished. |
| 05:57 | The baby of an undernourished mother can grow well with adequate breastfeeding. |
| 06:03 | By contrast, the quantity of type 1 nutrients in breastmilk is not stable. |
| 06:09 | It varies as per mother’s self-nourishment. |
| 06:13 | Let’s take vitamin D as an example. |
| 06:17 | Breastmilk of a mother deficient in vitamin D has less amount of vitamin D. |
| 06:23 | Next, let’s discuss the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 nutrient deficiencies. |
| 06:30 | A type 1 nutrient deficiency is commonly diagnosed in 2 ways. |
| 06:36 | First, the unique symptoms of the deficiency are recognised. |
| 06:41 | Then, the level of the nutrient in the body is measured by a blood test. |
| 06:46 | Let’s take iron and iodine as examples. |
| 06:50 | In iron deficiency, symptoms such as pale skin and fatigue are recognised. |
| 06:56 | The level of haemoglobin in the body is measured by a blood test. |
| 07:01 | Iodine deficiency is also diagnosed by its unique symptoms and tests. |
| 07:07 | Symptoms such as swelling of the neck, |
| 07:10 | weight gain and |
| 07:12 | hair loss are recognised. |
| 07:14 | The level of iodine and thyroid hormones in the body is measured by blood tests. |
| 07:21 | Type 1 nutrient deficiencies are well recognised and treated. |
| 07:26 | There are various ways to correct a type 1 nutrient deficiency. |
| 07:31 | One can take the recommended amount of these nutrients in the diet. |
| 07:36 | Supplements are also recommended for these nutrients. |
| 07:41 | Iron,
vitamin C and |
| 07:43 | folic acid supplements are commonly prescribed. |
| 07:47 | Food is fortified with type 1 nutrients in areas where deficiency is common. |
| 07:53 | A well-known example is salt that is fortified with iodine. |
| 07:59 | A qualified nutrition expert can provide guidance on these methods. |
| 08:04 | Diagnosis and treatment of a type 2 nutrient deficiency is difficult. |
| 08:10 | There is only 1 way to diagnose any type 2 nutrient deficiency. |
| 08:15 | It is to measure and track |
| 08:17 | the weight,
Height |
| 08:19 | and mid upper arm circumference. |
| 08:22 | However, this will only help in detecting growth failure. |
| 08:27 | Growth failure is caused by every type 2 nutrient deficiency. |
| 08:33 | It is difficult to determine which specific nutrient the body is deficient in. |
| 08:40 | So, correcting a type 2 nutrient deficiency requires all type 2 nutrients. |
| 08:47 | Food rich in all type 2 nutrients must be given in such a deficiency. |
| 08:53 | Increasing only the quantity of previously given food will not work. |
| 08:59 | Previously given food failed to provide type 2 nutrients to the body. |
| 09:04 | The quality of food must be changed for normal growth of the body. |
| 09:10 | Please consult a qualified nutrition expert for further guidance. |
| 09:15 | Food sources of type 1 and type 2 nutrients are discussed in other tutorials. |
| 09:22 | Please visit our website for more details. |
| 09:26 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
Thank you for joining |
