Git/C2/Basic-commands-of-Git/English

Title of script: Basic commands of Git

Author: Priya K

Keywords: Video tutorial, Git repository, basic commands, staging area, SHA-1 hash

Visual cue	Narration
Slide 1:	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Basic commands of Git.
Slide 2:	In this tutorial, we will learn about Git repository and Some basic commands of Git.
Slide 3:	For this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Linux 14.04 Git 2.3.2. and gedit Text Editor You can use any editor of your choice.
Slide 4:	To follow this tutorial You must have knowledge of running Linux commands on the Terminal. If not, for relevant Linux tutorials, please visit our website. <<PAUSE>>
Slide 5:	Now we will see what is Git repository. Git repository is a folder where all the data of our project will be stored. It can be located on the local machine or on a remote machine The difference between normal folder and a Git repository is: Normal folder contains only files and directories. But the Git repository contains set of files and directories, along with their complete history.
Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal	Now let us learn to create a Git repository in our local machine. Press Ctrl+Alt+T keys to open the terminal.
Type mkdir mywebpage and press Enter	On my machine, I will create a directory for the Git repository, in my Home directory. You can create the directory wherever you want on your machine.
	By default, we are in our Home directory. Type, mkdir space mywebpage and press Enter. So now, we have created a directory mywebpage in our Home directory.
Type cd mywebpage >> press Enter.	To go into this directory, type, cd space mywebpage and press Enter.
Type git init >> press Enter	To make mywebpage directory as the Git repository, type git space init and press Enter.
Highlight the message “Initialized empty Git repository”	You can see the message “Initialized empty Git repository”. This indicates that Git is initialized successfully.
Highlight the path	And this is the path where Git repository is created in our system.
	After initialization, a hidden folder dot git will be created inside the mywebpage folder.
Type ls -a and press Enter	To see the hidden folder, type ls space hyphen a and press Enter.
Highlight the hidden files	It shows the dot git folder. Deleting this dot git folder will delete the whole repository. So you should be very careful with this dot git folder.
	Now we have to set our identity to Git.
Type git config --global user.email priya.spoken@gmail.com and press Enter	To set the email address, type git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot email space priya[dot]spoken@gmail.com and press Enter
Highlight priya.spoken@gmail.com	Here I have used priya[dot]spoken[at]gmail[dot]com You can use your own valid email address.
Type git config --global user.name spoken and press Enter	To set the username, type git space config space hyphen hyphen global space user dot name space Priya and press Enter.
Highlight Priya	I have used Priya as a username. Please use your name instead of Priya.
Highlight the name and email address	The name and the email address that we set are the identities of the person who is working on Git.
Type git config --global core.editor gedit and press Enter	Next I will configure the gedit text editor to give the commit message. Type git space config space hyphen hyphen global space core dot editor space gedit and press Enter. Now gedit is configured to Git.
Highlight --global flag Switch back to our slides	Here global flag is optional. We will switch back to our slides to know more about global flag.
Slide 6:	Multiple repositories can be created in a single machine. If you use hyphen hyphen global flag, the setting will be applied to all the repositories in the machine. So, whenever you create a new Git repository, this setting will be applied, by default. If you want the identity only for a particular repository, then do not use hyphen hyphen global flag.
Switch back to our terminal	Switch back to the terminal. Now let us check the configuration details of the identity that we set earlier.
Type git config --list and press Enter	Type git space config space hyphen hyphen list and press Enter.
Highlight name, email address and editor	Now, you can see the editor name, email address and username. <<PAUSE>>
Slide 7:	I will be using html files for demonstration. You can use any file type of your choice. For eg: text files or doc files.
Switch back to the terminal Clear the prompt Type gedit mypage.html & and press Enter	Switch back to the terminal. Let me clear the prompt. Now type gedit space mypage.html space ampersand. If you are using another file, then give that filename instead of mypage.html. We use the & (ampersand) to free up the prompt. Now press Enter.
Copy and paste the code into the file	I will copy and paste some code into this file, from my Writer document, which I had saved earlier. Likewise, add some content into your file.
Save the file	Now, I will save my file.
	So, I have an html file with some code in it. Note: wherever I use mypage.html, you will have to replace it with your filename. Next, we will ask Git to follow the file mypage.html
Switch back to the terminal >> Type git add mypage.html and press Enter	Switch back to the terminal and type git space add space mypage.html and press Enter.
Type git status >> press Enter	Now we will check the current status of Git. So type git space status and press Enter.
Highlight the message “new file: mypage.html”	You can see “new file: mypage.html”. This means that Git has started following the changes made to this file mypage.html. This is called “tracking”.
Come to mypage.html file	Let us switch back to our file mypage.html.
Add few lines	And add a few more lines of code to this file. Like before, I will copy-paste from my Writer file.
Save and close the file	Save and close the file.
Switch back to the terminal Type git status >> press Enter	Then switch back to the terminal. As before, to check the current status of Git, type git space status and press Enter.
Highlight the message “Changes not staged for commit” and “modified: mypage.html”	It shows “Changes not staged for commit” and “modified: mypage.html”. This means that the changes we made, have not been added to the staging area.
	<<PAUSE>>
Slide 8:	Let us switch back to our slides to know more about Staging area. Staging area is a file that stores information of the changes that need to be committed. The file contents should be added to the staging area before committing them. We will discuss more about commit in the upcoming tutorials. Older Git versions used the term index instead of staging area.
Switch back to the terminal Type git add mypage.html >> press Enter	Now, let us see how to add the new changes of the file, to the staging area. Switch back to the terminal. Let me clear the prompt. Type git space add space mypage dot html and press Enter.
Type git status >> press Enter	To check the Git status, type git space status and press Enter.
Highlight the message “Changes to be committed:”	Now you can see the message “Changes to be committed:” This means that the file has been added to the staging area and is ready to be committed. <<PAUSE>>
	Now we will freeze our code at this point.
Slide 9:	When we attain a particular stage in our work, we can save them in the repository. This is called commit. Each commit is saved with the information of username, email-id, date, time and commit message.
Switch back to the terminal and type git commit >> press Enter	Now let us see how to commit. Switch back to the terminal and type git space commit and press Enter.
	gedit text editor opens up automatically to get the commit message.
Type Initial commit	In the first line, I will type “Initial commit” as the commit message. You can type any informative message that you want. Here you can see some lines begin with hash. You can leave them as it is or you can delete them. Please write the commit message before or after the hash line.
Highlight Initial commit	In future, with this commit message, we can identify what we did till this stage.
Save and close the gedit	Let me save and close the editor.
Highlight Initial Commit , 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), and mypage.html	You will see some details, such as The commit message How many files we have changed How many insertions we have done and Name of the file.
	Now let us see the commit details using git log command.
Type git log >> press Enter	Type git space log and press Enter.
Highlight SHA-1 hash	We have only one commit in our repository. It shows a unique ID which is called commit hash or SHA-1 hash. Switch back to our slides to know more about SHA-1 hash.
Slide 10:	SHA-1 hash is a unique id of 40 alpha-numeric characters. Git stores all the informations in its database by the hash value. Git commits are identified by the SHA-1 hash You will understand the importance of the SHA-1 hash in future tutorials
Highlight the name, email address, date and message	Let us come back to our terminal. It shows the details of the commit such as author name, email address, date, time and the commit message, which we gave earlier. <<PAUSE>>
	With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.
Slide 11:	Let us summarize. In this tutorial we have learnt about Git repository and Some basic commands of Git like git init, status, commit and log.
Slide 12:	As an assignment Create a directory in your machine and make it as a repository. Create a text file and add some content into it. Add the file to the staging area of the Git repository. Commit the file to your repository and See the commit details using git log command.
Slide 13: Acknowledgement	The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project. Pls download and watch it.
Slide 14: Acknowledgement	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates to those who pass online tests. For more details, please write to us.
Slide 15: Acknowledgement	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this Mission is available at the following link.
	This is Priya from IIT Bombay. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Priyacst