Python-3.4.3/C2/Embellishing-a-plot/English-timed

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Time
Narration
00:01 Hello Friends. Welcome to the tutorial on "Embellishing a Plot".
00:06 At the end of this tutorial, we will learn to- Modify the attributes of the plot color, line style, linewidth.
00:16 Add a title to the plot with embedded LaTeX.
00:20 Label x and y axes. Add annotations to the plot.
00:26 Set and get the limits of axes.
00:30 To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Linux 14.04 operating system
00:37 Python 3.4.3 , IPython 5.1.0
00:43 To practice this tutorial, you should know how to run basic Python commands on the ipython console and use the Plots interactively.
00:54 If not, see the pre-requisite Python tutorials on this website.
00:59 Let us start ipython3.

Open the terminal.

01:05 Type ipython3 and press Enter.
01:11 Let us initialise the pylab package
01:15 Type percentage pylab and press Enter.
01:21 We shall first make a simple plot and start modifying it.
01:26 Type x = linspace inside the brackets minus 2 comma 4 comma 20 and press Enter.
01:40 Then type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) and press Enter.
01:49 We can now see the sine curve in the plot window.
01:53 The default colour and thickness of the line is as decided by pylab.
01:59 Let us now change the parameters of this curve.
02:03 We can pass additional arguments to the plot command to do this.
02:09 We shall first clear the plot window by typing clf() in the ipython console.
02:16 You can now see a blank plot window.
02:20 Now plot the same sine curve with an additional color argument.
02:26 So we will type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas r and press Enter.

Here, the argument 'r' is for red color.

02:44 On the plot window, the same sine curve is now seen in red color.
02:50 Do not close the plot window just minimize it.
02:54 We can alter the thickness of the line by using the 'linewidth' argument.
03:00 This time we will draw the cosine curve on the plot window.
03:05 So, type plot inside brackets x comma cos(x) comma linewidth is equals to 2 and press Enter.
03:18 A cosine curve with line thickness 2 is produced in the plot window.
03:24 Let us now try to plot a sine curve in blue color with linewidth as 3.
03:31 Here onwards, press the Enter the key to execute every command that we type on the Ipython console.
03:39 Let us clear the plot window by typing clf().
03:44 You will again see a blank plot window.
03:48 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas b comma linewidth is equal to 3
04:03 A combination of color and linewidth would do the job for us.
04:08 To get the plot in dotted style instead of a solid style, put a dot in linestyle.
04:16 First, type clf() to clear the plot window.
04:20 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma sin(x) comma inside inverted commas dot.
04:32 We get the sine curve in dotted style.
04:36 Let's see the information of plot.
04:40 Type plot question mark and press Enter
04:47 Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video .
04:52 Plot the curve of x verses cos(x) in red dash line and linewidth 3.
05:00 Let us switch to the console for the solution.
05:04 Type clf() to clear the plot window.
05:08 Now type plot inisde brackets x comma cos(x) comma inside inverted commas r hyphen hyphen comma linewidth equals to 3
05:25 We use a combination of linewidth argument and linestyle.
05:30 Now we know how to produce a bare minimum plot with color, style and thickness.
05:38 Let us look at modifying the plot further.
05:42 Let us start with a plot for the function minus x square plus 4x minus 5.
05:51 Now type plot inside the brackets x comma minus x multiplied by x plus 4 multiplied by x minus 5 comma inside inverted commas r comma linewidth is equal to 2
06:16 We will see the curve of this equation in the plot window.
06:21 But the figure does not have any description describing the plot.
06:26 To add a title to the plot, use the title command.
06:31 So type title inside the brackets inside inverted commas Parabolic function minus x square plus 4x minus 5
06:48 The title command as you can see, takes a string as an argument.
06:54 We can see the title on the plot window. But it is not formatted and does not look clean.
07:03 It would look even more shabby if there were fractions and complex functions.
07:09 Let us write the title in LaTeX format for a neater look.
07:14 For LaTeX format, we put a dollar sign before and after the string.
07:20 Type title inside the brackets r inside inverted commas Parabolic function dollar minus x square plus 4x minus 5 dollar
07:38 Here ' r ' means that the string is to be treated as a raw string.
07:45 It will ignore all escape codes.
07:49 As we can see that the polynomial in the title is now formatted.
07:55 Although we have title, the plot is not complete without labelling the x and y axes.
08:03 So we will label x and y axes in LaTeX style.
08:09 Type xlabel inside the brackets r inside inverted commas dollar x dollar and ylabel inside brackets r inside inverted commas dollar y dollar
08:30 The plot is now almost complete.
08:34 Now we will name the points considering point(2 comma minus 1) as local maxima.
08:42 To name a point, we use the function annotate.
08:46 Type annotate inside the brackets inside inverted commas local maxima comma xy equals to inside brackets 2 comma minus 1
09:03 We can see the local maxima at point 2 comma minus 1
09:09 The first argument in annotate command is the name of the point.
09:15 The second argument represents the coordinates of the point.
09:20 It is a tuple containing two numbers. The first is x coordinate and second is y coordinate.
09:29 Next, type xlim brackets

xlim function returns the current x axis limits.

09:39 Then type ylim brackets ylim function returns the current y-axis limits.
09:49 Set the limits of x-axis from minus 4 to 5 by typing xlim inside the brackets minus 4 comma 5
10:02 Similarly, set the limits of y-axis in a similar manner.
10:07 Type ylim inside the brackets minus 15 comma 2.
10:19 Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video.
10:24 Make an annotation called "root" at the point (minus 4 comma 0).
10:31 What happens to the first annotation?
10:35 Switch to the Ipython console for the solution.
10:39 Type annotate inside the brackets inside inverted commas root comma xy is equal to minus 4 comma 0
10:53 Every annotate command makes a new annotation on the figure.
10:59 This brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have learnt to,

Modify the attributes of a plot like color, line width, line style by passing additional arguments.

11:16 Add title to a plot using 'title command.
11:20 Incorporate LaTeX style formatting by adding a $ sign before and after the string.
11:28 Label x and y axes using xlabel() and ylabel() commands.
11:34 Add annotations to a plot using annotate() command.
11:39 Get and set the limits of axes using xlim() and ylim() commands.
11:46 Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve.
11:51 Draw a plot of cosine graph between minus 2pi to 2pi with line thickness 4.
12:00 Read the documentation and find out, is there a way to modify the alignment of text in the command ylabel.
12:09 And the answers are, In order to plot a cosine graph between the points minus 2pi and 2pi with line thickness 4, we use the linspace and plot command as,

x equals to linspace inside the brackets minus 2pi comma 2pi.

12:31 plot (x comma cos(x) comma linewidth equals to 4)
12:38 The answer to the second question is: No. We do not have an option to modify the alignment of text in the command ylabel.
12:48 Do you have questions on THIS Spoken Tutorial?
12:51 Choose the minute and second where you have the question.
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13:03 Do you have any general / technical questions on Python?
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13:27 The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
13:34 This is Usha from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14