Difference between revisions of "PhET/C3/Gravity-and-Solar-system/English"

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(Created page with " {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- | | '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide''' | | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gravity and Solar System'''. |- | | ''...")
 
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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||'''Narration'''
 
||'''Narration'''
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 1'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 1'''  
  
 
'''Title Slide'''  
 
'''Title Slide'''  
−
| | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gravity and Solar System'''.  
+
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Gravity and Solar System'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 2'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 2'''  
  
 
'''Learning Objectives'''  
 
'''Learning Objectives'''  
−
| | In this tutorial we will,  
+
|| In this tutorial we will,  
  
 
Demonstrate '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.
 
Demonstrate '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 3'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 3'''  
  
 
'''System Requirement'''  
 
'''System Requirement'''  
−
| | Here I am using-  
+
|| Here I am using-  
  
−
Ubuntu Linux OS Version 14.04  
+
Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04  
  
−
Java version 1.7.0  
+
Java version 1.7.0 and
  
−
Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2  
+
Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 4'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 4'''  
  
 
'''Pre-requisites'''  
 
'''Pre-requisites'''  
−
| | To follow this tutorial,  
+
|| To follow this tutorial,  
  
 
Learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.  
 
Learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 5'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 5'''  
  
 
'''Learning Goals'''  
 
'''Learning Goals'''  
  
−
| | Using these simulations we will -  
+
|| Using these simulations we will -  
  
 
Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.  
 
Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.  
Line 47: Line 47:
 
Explain how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.  
 
Explain how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 6'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 6'''  
 +
 
 
'''Learning Goals'''  
 
'''Learning Goals'''  
−
| | Identify the variables that affect the strength of gravity.  
+
|| Identify the variables that affect the strength of gravity.  
  
 
And determine the gravitational force.  
 
And determine the gravitational force.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 7'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 7'''  
  
 
'''Solar System'''  
 
'''Solar System'''  
−
| | In our solar system, all the celestial objects revolve around the Sun.  
+
|| In our solar system, all the celestial objects revolve around the Sun.  
  
 
These objects are planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteors and meteorites.  
 
These objects are planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteors and meteorites.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 8'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 8'''  
  
 
'''Gravitational Force'''  
 
'''Gravitational Force'''  
−
| | There exists a force of attraction between the Sun and the celestial objects.  
+
|| There exists a force of attraction between the Sun and the celestial objects.  
  
 
This force of attraction is '''gravitational force'''.  
 
This force of attraction is '''gravitational force'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| |  
+
||  
−
| | Let us begin the demonstration.  
+
|| Let us begin the demonstration.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 9'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 9'''  
  
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''  
 
'''Link for PhET simulation'''  
  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
−
| | Use the given link to download the simulation.  
+
|| Use the given link to download the simulation.  
  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
+
|| Point to '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
−
| | I have already downloaded '''Gravity and Orbits simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
+
|| I have already downloaded '''Gravity and Orbits simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
+
|| Right-click on '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
  
 
Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.  
 
Click on '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' Option.  
  
 
Point to '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
 
Point to '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
−
| | To open the '''simulation''',  
+
|| To open the '''simulation''',  
  
 
right click on '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
 
right click on '''gravity-and-orbits_en.html''' file.  
Line 95: Line 96:
 
'''Simulation''' opens in the browser.  
 
'''Simulation''' opens in the browser.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
+
|| Point to '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
−
| | This is the interface of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
+
|| This is the interface of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Model''' and '''To Scale''' screen.  
+
|| Point to '''Model''' and '''To Scale''' screens.  
−
| | The interface has two screens.  
+
|| The interface has two screens.  
  
 
'''Model'''  
 
'''Model'''  
Line 105: Line 106:
 
'''To Scale'''.  
 
'''To Scale'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Model''' screen.  
+
|| Point to '''Model''' screen.  
−
| | Let us begin our demonstration with '''Model''' screen.  
+
|| Let us begin our demonstration with '''Model''' screen.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Model''' screen.  
+
|| Click on '''Model''' screen.  
  
 
Point to the box.  
 
Point to the box.  
  
 
Point to the four systems.  
 
Point to the four systems.  
−
| | Click on '''Model''' screen to open it.  
+
|| Click on '''Model''' screen to open it.  
  
 
On the right side of the screen you can see a box.  
 
On the right side of the screen you can see a box.  
Line 119: Line 120:
 
It has four solar system like models.  
 
It has four solar system like models.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the arrow button.  
+
|| Point to the arrow button.  
−
| | Next to models there is a gray coloured, '''Reset''' button.  
+
|| Next to models there is a gray coloured, '''Reset''' button.  
  
 
This button sets the solar system to its default state.  
 
This button sets the solar system to its default state.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the '''on''' and '''off''' radiobuttons.  
+
|| Point to the '''on''' and '''off''' radio-buttons.  
−
| | We can select '''Gravity''', using '''on''' and '''off''' radio buttons.  
+
|| We can select '''Gravity''', using '''on''' and '''off''' radio buttons.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the checkboxes.  
+
|| Point to the check-boxes.  
  
−
| | Below '''Gravity''', we have checkboxes for-  
+
|| Below '''Gravity''', we have check-boxes for-  
  
 
'''Gravity Force'''  
 
'''Gravity Force'''  
Line 139: Line 140:
 
'''Grid''' .
 
'''Grid''' .
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on all the checkboxes.  
+
|| Click on all the check-boxes.  
−
| | Click on all the checkboxes.  
+
|| Click on all the check-boxes.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to box.  
+
|| Point to box.  
  
 
Point to '''Star''' and '''Planet''' sliders.  
 
Point to '''Star''' and '''Planet''' sliders.  
  
−
| | Below this box we have another box.  
+
|| Below this box we have another box.  
  
 
It consists of sliders to change the mass of '''Star''' and '''Planet'''.  
 
It consists of sliders to change the mass of '''Star''' and '''Planet'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons.  
+
|| Point to '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons.  
  
 
Point to '''Normal''' radio button.  
 
Point to '''Normal''' radio button.  
−
| | Bottom of the screen we have,  
+
|| Bottom of the screen we have,  
  
 
'''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons to change the animation speed.  
 
'''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons to change the animation speed.  
Line 159: Line 160:
 
By default '''Normal''' speed is selected.  
 
By default '''Normal''' speed is selected.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step''' buttons.  
+
|| Point to '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step''' buttons.  
−
| | Also there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons'''.  
+
|| Also there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Clear''' button.  
+
|| Point to '''Clear''' button.  
−
| | '''Clear''' button to reset the '''Earth Days''' count.  
+
|| '''Clear''' button to reset the '''Earth Days''' count.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Reset''' button.  
+
|| Point to '''Reset''' button.  
  
−
| | '''Reset''' button to reset the simulation.  
+
|| '''Reset''' button to reset the '''simulation'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to Sun and Earth.  
+
|| Point to Sun and Earth.  
  
 
Click on '''Play''' button.  
 
Click on '''Play''' button.  
Line 175: Line 176:
 
Point to the orbit.  
 
Point to the orbit.  
  
−
| | By default Sun and Earth system is selected.  
+
|| By default '''Sun and Earth''' system is selected.  
  
 
Now click on '''Play''' button.  
 
Now click on '''Play''' button.  
Line 183: Line 184:
 
Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.  
 
Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.  
  
−
This circular motion is due to centripetal force.  
+
This circular motion is due to '''centripetal force'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 10'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 10'''  
  
 
'''Centripetal Force'''  
 
'''Centripetal Force'''  
  
−
| | Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.  
+
|| '''Centripetal force''' causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.  
  
 
This force acts towards the center.  
 
This force acts towards the center.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the orbit.  
+
|| Point to the orbit.  
  
 
Point to change in direction of earth in orbit.  
 
Point to change in direction of earth in orbit.  
−
| | This circular path is its orbit.  
+
|| This circular path is its orbit.  
  
 
Earth changes its direction of revolution at every point on the orbit.  
 
Earth changes its direction of revolution at every point on the orbit.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to Earth's velocity perpendicular to Gravity force.  
+
|| Point to Earth's velocity perpendicular to Gravity force.  
−
| | Notice that,  
+
|| Notice that,  
  
 
Direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's Gravitational pull.  
 
Direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's Gravitational pull.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on interface.  
+
|| Cursor on interface.  
−
| | Now Let us count '''Earth Days'''.  
+
|| Now Let us count '''Earth Days'''.
 +
|- e
 +
|| Click on '''Reset arrow''' button.
 +
|| Click on '''Reset arrow''' to bring the sun and earth to its default position.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Reset arrow''' button.  
+
|| Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
−
| | Click on '''Reset arrow''' to bring the sun and earth to its default position.  
+
|| Observe the changes in the '''Earth Days''' as earth orbits the sun.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
+
|| Click on '''Slow Motion''' radio-button.  
−
| | Observe the changes in the '''Earth Days''' as earth orbits the sun.  
+
|| Now we will change the animation to slow to count the days precisely.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Slow Motion''' radio-button.
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button.  
−
| | Now we will change the animation to slow to count the days precisely.
+
−
|-
+
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' button.  
+
  
 
Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
 
Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' to pause the '''simulation'''.  
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' to pause the '''simulation'''.  
  
 
Earth takes '''365 days''' to complete one revolution.  
 
Earth takes '''365 days''' to complete one revolution.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on interface.  
+
|| Cursor on interface.  
−
| | Next we will see what happens to earth in the absence of gravity.  
+
|| Next we will see what happens to earth in the absence of gravity.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''off''' radiobutton of Gavity.  
+
|| Click on '''off''' radio-button of Gavity.  
  
−
Click on '''Normal''' radiobutton.  
+
Click on '''Normal''' radio-button.  
−
| | Click on '''off''' radio button.  
+
|| Click on '''off''' radio button.  
  
 
Now we will change the animation to normal.  
 
Now we will change the animation to normal.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button.  
  
 
Point to straight line.  
 
Point to straight line.  
−
| | Then click on '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Then click on '''Play''' button.  
  
 
Observe that,  
 
Observe that,  
Line 246: Line 247:
 
This motion is tangential to the circular path.  
 
This motion is tangential to the circular path.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Return Objects''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Return Objects''' button.  
  
 
Point to the earth.  
 
Point to the earth.  
−
| | Click on '''Return Objects''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Return Objects''' button.  
  
−
Earth will return to its default position  
+
Earth will return to its default position.
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on the interface.  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.  
−
| | Now we will see the effect of change in mass on an orbit.  
+
|| Now we will see the effect of change in mass on an orbit.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Star Mass''' slider.  
+
|| Point to '''Star Mass''' slider.  
  
 
Drag '''Star Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
 
Drag '''Star Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
Line 262: Line 263:
 
Point to Sun.  
 
Point to Sun.  
  
−
| | By default the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''.  
+
|| By default the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''.  
  
 
Let's drag the '''Star Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
 
Let's drag the '''Star Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
Line 268: Line 269:
 
As you drag, observe the increase in size of the star.  
 
As you drag, observe the increase in size of the star.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click '''on''' Gravity radiobutton >> '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Click '''on''' Gravity radio-button >> '''Play''' button.  
  
 
Point to the orbit.  
 
Point to the orbit.  
Line 274: Line 275:
 
Point to elliptical path.  
 
Point to elliptical path.  
  
−
| | Next, click Gravity's '''on''' radio button and then '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Next, click Gravity's '''on''' radio button and then '''Play''' button.  
  
 
Observe the path of the orbit.  
 
Observe the path of the orbit.  
Line 282: Line 283:
 
Size of the orbit also becomes small.  
 
Size of the orbit also becomes small.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the sun.  
+
|| Point to the sun.  
  
 
Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
 
Point to '''Earth Days'''.  
−
| | Here sun is not at the center of the orbit.  
+
|| Here sun is not at the center of the orbit.  
  
 
Note that, '''Earth Days''' decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.  
 
Note that, '''Earth Days''' decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Drag '''Planet Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
+
|| Drag '''Planet Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
  
 
Point to the '''Gravity force'''.  
 
Point to the '''Gravity force'''.  
 
   
 
   
−
| | Drag the '''Planet Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
+
|| Drag the '''Planet Mass''' slider towards 1.5.  
  
 
Notice that force of gravity between them increases.  
 
Notice that force of gravity between them increases.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button.  
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' button to pause the simulation.  
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button to pause the simulation.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on planet>>drag the planet away from sun.  
+
|| Click on planet >> drag the planet away from sun.  
  
 
Click on '''Play''' button.  
 
Click on '''Play''' button.  
−
| | Click on the planet and drag it away from the sun.  
+
|| Click on the planet and drag it away from the sun.  
  
 
Click on the '''Play''' button.  
 
Click on the '''Play''' button.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''Gravity force''' arrow.  
+
|| Point to '''Gravity force''' arrow.  
−
| | Observe that,  
+
|| Observe that,  
  
 
Gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.  
 
Gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button.  
  
 
Click on '''Reset''' button.  
 
Click on '''Reset''' button.  
−
| | Click on '''Pause''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Pause''' button.  
  
 
Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the system.  
 
Click on '''Reset''' button to reset the system.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on Sun, Earth and Moon system.  
+
|| Click on Sun, Earth and Moon system.  
−
| | Now select Sun, Earth and Moon system.  
+
|| Now select Sun, Earth and Moon system.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Drag the slider to '''+''' sign.  
+
|| Drag the slider to '''+''' sign.  
−
| | Drag the slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
+
|| Drag the slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button.  
−
| | Then click on '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Then click on '''Play''' button.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to pink coloured orbit.  
+
|| Point to pink coloured orbit.  
  
 
Point to earths circular orbit.  
 
Point to earths circular orbit.  
−
| | Notice that,  
+
|| Notice that,  
  
 
moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.  
 
moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the moon in orbit.  
+
|| Point to the moon in orbit.  
−
| | Here moon is a satellite of the earth.  
+
|| Here moon is a satellite of the earth.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 11'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 11'''  
 
   
 
   
 
'''Assignment'''  
 
'''Assignment'''  
−
| | As an assignment,  
+
|| As an assignment,  
  
 
Using '''Model''' screen,  
 
Using '''Model''' screen,  
Line 347: Line 348:
 
Explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.  
 
Explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on '''To Scale''' screen.  
+
|| Cursor on '''To Scale''' screen.  
−
| | Now we will move on to '''To Scale''' screen.  
+
|| Now we will move on to '''To Scale''' screen.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''To Scale''' screen.  
+
|| Click on '''To Scale''' screen.  
−
| | Click on '''To Scale''' screen at the bottom of the interface.  
+
|| Click on '''To Scale''' screen at the bottom of the interface.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to '''To Scale''' screen.  
+
|| Point to '''To Scale''' screen.  
  
−
Point to '''Mass''' and '''Measuring Tape''' checkboxes.  
+
Point to '''Mass''' and '''Measuring Tape''' check-boxes.  
  
−
| | '''To Scale''' screen has same tools as that of '''Model''' screen.  
+
|| '''To Scale''' screen has same tools as that of '''Model''' screen.  
  
−
This screen has two additional checkboxes-  
+
This screen has two additional check-boxes-  
  
−
'''Mass'''  
+
'''Mass''' and
  
 
'''Measuring Tape'''  
 
'''Measuring Tape'''  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Mass''', '''Path''' and '''Grid''' checkboxes.  
+
|| Click on '''Mass''', '''Path''' and '''Grid''' check-boxes.  
−
| | Click on '''Mass''', '''Path''' and '''Grid''' checkboxes.  
+
|| Click on '''Mass''', '''Path''' and '''Grid''' check-boxes.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the sun and earth system.  
+
|| Point to the sun and earth system.  
−
| | By default sun and earth system is selected.  
+
|| By default sun and earth system is selected.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the Star and Planet masses.  
+
|| Point to the Star and Planet masses.  
−
| | Here, star's mass is '''333 thousand Earth masses''' and planet's mass is '''1 Earth mass'''.  
+
|| Here, star's mass is '''333 thousand Earth masses''' and planet's mass is '''1 Earth mass'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Play''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button.  
  
 
Click on '''Pause''' button.  
 
Click on '''Pause''' button.  
−
| | Click on '''Play''' button to show the path of revolution.  
+
|| Click on '''Play''' button to show the path of revolution.  
  
 
Then click on '''pause''' button.  
 
Then click on '''pause''' button.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| |  
+
||  
−
| | Lets measure the distance between star and Earth.  
+
|| Lets measure the distance between star and Earth.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Measuring Tape''' checkbox.  
+
|| Click on '''Measuring Tape''' check-box.  
−
| | Check against '''Measuring Tape''' checkbox.  
+
|| Check against '''Measuring Tape''' check-box.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Uncheck '''Mass''' checkbox.  
+
|| Uncheck '''Mass''' check-box.  
−
| | Uncheck '''Mass''' checkbox.  
+
|| Uncheck '''Mass''' check-box.  
  
 
This will enable us to measure the distance precisely.  
 
This will enable us to measure the distance precisely.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Drag zoom in slider.  
+
|| Drag zoom in slider.  
−
| | Drag the zoom in slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
+
|| Drag the zoom in slider towards '''+''' sign to zoom in the view.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Drag''' Measuring Tape''' on star and then to planet.  
+
|| Drag''' Measuring Tape''' on star and then to planet.  
  
 
Point to the distance.  
 
Point to the distance.  
  
 
Point to '''91503 thousand miles'''.  
 
Point to '''91503 thousand miles'''.  
−
| | Place the '''Measuring Tape''' on star and drag the other end to the planet.  
+
|| Place the '''Measuring Tape''' on star and drag the other end to the planet.  
  
 
Note the Distance between star and planet.  
 
Note the Distance between star and planet.  
Line 408: Line 409:
 
This value may vary a little in your case because sun is also in motion.  
 
This value may vary a little in your case because sun is also in motion.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on the interface.  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.  
−
| | Let us calculate gravitational force between Earth and sun.  
+
|| Let us calculate gravitational force between Earth and sun.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 12'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 12'''  
  
 
'''Universal Law of Gravitation'''  
 
'''Universal Law of Gravitation'''  
  
−
| | Universal law of gravitation-  
+
|| Universal law of gravitation-  
  
 
Force of attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses.  
 
Force of attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses.  
Line 421: Line 422:
 
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.  
 
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 13'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 13'''  
  
 
'''Universal Law of Gravitation'''  
 
'''Universal Law of Gravitation'''  
−
| | This force is along the line joining the centers of two objects.  
+
|| This force is along the line joining the centers of two objects.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 14'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 14'''  
  
 
'''Calculation of Gravitational Force'''  
 
'''Calculation of Gravitational Force'''  
Line 443: Line 444:
  
 
F=3.6 x 10<sup>22</sup>N  
 
F=3.6 x 10<sup>22</sup>N  
−
| | '''Gravitational force''' is calculated by using following formula  
+
|| '''Gravitational force''' is calculated by using following formula  
  
 
where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant  
 
where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant  
  
−
'''M''' is mass of sun  
+
capital '''M''' is mass of sun  
  
−
'''m''' is mass of earth  
+
small '''m''' is mass of earth  
  
 
and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet  
 
and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet  
  
−
We substitute the values of '''G''', '''M''', '''m''' and '''d''' in this formula.  
+
We substitute the values of '''G''', capital '''M''', small '''m''' and '''d''' in this formula.  
  
 
This will give us the value of the Gravitational force between sun and Earth.  
 
This will give us the value of the Gravitational force between sun and Earth.  
  
−
The value is '''3.6 x10<sup>22 </sup>N'''.  
+
The value is '''3.6 x10<sup>22 </sup> N'''(newton).  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 15'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 15'''  
  
 
'''Assignment'''  
 
'''Assignment'''  
  
−
| | As an assignment,  
+
|| As an assignment,  
  
 
Using '''To Scale''' screen,  
 
Using '''To Scale''' screen,  
Line 469: Line 470:
 
Determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.  
 
Determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| |  
+
||  
−
| | Now we will move on to '''My Solar System PhET simulation'''.  
+
|| Now we will move on to '''My Solar System PhET simulation'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the file in '''Downloads''' folder.  
+
|| Point to the file in '''Downloads''' folder.  
−
| | I have already downloaded '''My Solar System simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
+
|| I have already downloaded '''My Solar System simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | To open java file.  
+
|| To open Java file.  
  
 
Press '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T''' keys.  
 
Press '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T''' keys.  
  
 
Type '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.  
 
Type '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.  
−
| | To run the '''simulation''', open the terminal.  
+
|| To run the '''simulation''', open the terminal.  
  
−
At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.  
+
At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press Enter.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Type '''java space hyphen jar my-solar-system_en.jar''' Press enter.  
+
|| Type '''java space hyphen jar my-solar-system_en.jar''' press Enter.  
  
 
Point to the Interface.  
 
Point to the Interface.  
−
| | Then type, '''java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar''' and Press enter.  
+
|| Then type, '''java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar''' and press Enter.  
  
 
My Solar System '''simulation''' opens.  
 
My Solar System '''simulation''' opens.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Cursor on the interface.  
+
|| Cursor on the interface.  
−
| | This is the interface of '''My Solar System simulation'''.  
+
|| This is the interface of '''My Solar System simulation'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to drop down box.  
+
|| Point to drop down box.  
  
 
Click on drop down arrow and scroll down.  
 
Click on drop down arrow and scroll down.  
−
| | Screen has a system dropdown box on the right side.  
+
|| Screen has a system drop-down box on the right side.  
  
 
Here we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.  
 
Here we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to box.  
+
|| Point to box.  
  
 
Point to '''Start''', '''Stop''' and '''Reset''' buttons.  
 
Point to '''Start''', '''Stop''' and '''Reset''' buttons.  
−
| | Below the dropdown box there is another box.  
+
|| Below the drop-down box there is another box.  
  
 
It consists of '''Start''', '''Stop''' and '''Reset''' buttons.  
 
It consists of '''Start''', '''Stop''' and '''Reset''' buttons.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point out to  
+
|| Point out to  
  
 
'''System Centered'''  
 
'''System Centered'''  
Line 516: Line 517:
 
'''Show Grid''' and  
 
'''Show Grid''' and  
  
−
'''Tape Measure''' checkboxes.
+
'''Tape Measure''' check-boxes.
−
| | We have checkboxes for '''System Centered''', '''Show Traces''', '''Show Grid''' and '''Tape Measure'''.  
+
|| We have check-boxes for '''System Centered''', '''Show Traces''', '''Show Grid''' and '''Tape Measure'''.  
  
−
Use these checkboxes as an when required.  
+
Use these check-boxes as an when required.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to slider.  
+
|| Point to slider.  
−
 
+
|| There is a slider to control the speed of animation.  
−
| | There is a slider to control the speed of animation.  
+
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to the '''Initial Settings'''.  
+
|| Point to the '''Initial Settings'''.  
  
 
Point to the '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity''' values.  
 
Point to the '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity''' values.  
  
−
Point to radiobuttons.  
+
Point to radio-buttons.  
  
−
| | Screen is provided with '''Initial Settings''' at the bottom.  
+
|| Screen is provided with '''Initial Settings''' at the bottom.  
  
 
Here we can input the '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity''' values in their respective boxes.  
 
Here we can input the '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity''' values in their respective boxes.  
  
−
We can also use radiobuttons to select a '''number of bodies'''.  
+
We can also use radio-buttons to select a '''number of bodies'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on drop down arrow.  
+
|| Click on drop down arrow.  
−
| | Now click on drop down arrow.  
+
|| Now click on drop down arrow.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Scroll to '''Sun''', '''planet''', '''comet'''>> click on it.  
+
|| Scroll to '''Sun''', '''planet''', '''comet'''>> click on it.  
−
| | Scroll to '''Sun''', '''planet''', '''comet''' and click on it.  
+
|| Scroll to '''Sun''', '''planet''', '''comet''' and click on it.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to planet, sun and comet.  
+
|| Point to planet, sun and comet.  
−
| | We see 3 colored objects planet, sun and comet.  
+
|| We see 3 colored objects planet, sun and comet.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to red coloured arrow.  
+
|| Point to red coloured arrow.  
  
 
Point to '''V'''.  
 
Point to '''V'''.  
−
| | Red coloured arrow indicates the velocity.  
+
|| Red coloured arrow indicates the velocity.  
  
 
It is a vector quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle.  
 
It is a vector quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Start''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Start''' button.  
  
 
Point to orbit of comet.  
 
Point to orbit of comet.  
  
−
| | Click on '''Start''' button and observe the orbits.  
+
|| Click on '''Start''' button and observe the orbits.  
  
 
Comet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit.  
 
Comet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''Stop''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Stop''' button.  
−
| | Click on '''Stop''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''Stop''' button.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Place cursor on '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet'''.  
+
|| Place cursor on '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet'''.  
−
| | Hover the mouse over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''.  
+
|| Hover the mouse over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on '''start''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''start''' button.  
−
| | Click on '''start''' button.  
+
|| Click on '''start''' button.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Point to comet.  
+
|| Point to comet.  
−
| | After a few revolutions the comet collides with the Sun and disappears.  
+
|| After a few revolutions the comet collides with the Sun and disappears.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | Click on drop down box>>>click on '''Start''' button.  
+
|| Click on drop down box>>>click on '''Start''' button.  
  
 
Point to orbits.  
 
Point to orbits.  
Line 580: Line 580:
  
 
Hover the mouse on the bodies.  
 
Hover the mouse on the bodies.  
−
| | Select '''Four star ballet''' and click on '''Start''' button.  
+
|| Select '''Four star ballet''' and click on '''Start''' button.  
  
 
Observe the orbits.  
 
Observe the orbits.  
Line 588: Line 588:
 
Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''.  
 
Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 16'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 16'''  
  
 
'''Assignment'''  
 
'''Assignment'''  
−
| | As an assignment,  
+
|| As an assignment,  
  
 
Select various systems and observe the orbits.  
 
Select various systems and observe the orbits.  
  
−
Change the Initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits.
+
Change the Initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and
  
 
Explain the observation.  
 
Explain the observation.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| |  
+
||  
−
| | Let us Summarise.  
+
|| Let us Summarise.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 17'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 17'''  
  
 
'''Summary'''  
 
'''Summary'''  
−
| | In this tutorial we have demonstrated,  
+
|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated,  
  
 
How to use '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.  
 
How to use '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 18'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 18'''  
  
 
'''Summary'''  
 
'''Summary'''  
−
| | Using this '''simulations''' we have,  
+
|| Using this '''simulations''' we have,  
  
 
Described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite.  
 
Described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite.  
Line 620: Line 620:
 
Explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.  
 
Explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 19'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 19'''  
  
 
'''Summary'''  
 
'''Summary'''  
−
| | Identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity.  
+
|| Identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity.  
  
 
Determined the gravitational force.  
 
Determined the gravitational force.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 20'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 20'''  
  
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''  
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''  
−
| | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
+
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  
  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 21'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 21'''  
  
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''  
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''  
−
| | The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:  
+
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:  
  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
 
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and  
Line 645: Line 645:
 
For more details, please write to us.  
 
For more details, please write to us.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 22'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 22'''  
  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''  
Line 652: Line 652:
  
 
Please visit this site  
 
Please visit this site  
 +
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question.  
 +
 
Explain your question briefly  
 
Explain your question briefly  
−
Someone from our team will answer them.
 
  
−
| | Please post your timed queries in this forum.  
+
Someone from our team will answer them.
 +
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 23'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 23'''  
  
 
'''Acknowledgements'''  
 
'''Acknowledgements'''  
  
−
| | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.  
+
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.  
−
|-  
+
|-  
−
| | '''Slide Number 24'''  
+
|| '''Slide Number 24'''  
  
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
−
| | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.  
+
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.  
  
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.  
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| |  
+
||  
−
| | This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.  
+
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.  
  
 
Thank you for joining.  
 
Thank you for joining.  
−
 
+
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 17:01, 30 May 2018

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this tutorial on Gravity and Solar System.
Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will,

Demonstrate Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations.

Slide Number 3

System Requirement

Here I am using-

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0 and

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial,

Learner should be familiar with topics in high school science.

Slide Number 5

Learning Goals

Using these simulations we will -

Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite.

Study the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force.

Explain how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.

Slide Number 6

Learning Goals

Identify the variables that affect the strength of gravity.

And determine the gravitational force.

Slide Number 7

Solar System

In our solar system, all the celestial objects revolve around the Sun.

These objects are planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteors and meteorites.

Slide Number 8

Gravitational Force

There exists a force of attraction between the Sun and the celestial objects.

This force of attraction is gravitational force.

Let us begin the demonstration.
Slide Number 9

Link for PhET simulation

http://phet.colorado.edu

Use the given link to download the simulation.

http://phet.colorado.edu

Point to gravity-and-orbits_en.html file. I have already downloaded Gravity and Orbits simulation to my Downloads folder.
Right-click on gravity-and-orbits_en.html file.

Click on Open With Firefox Web Browser Option.

Point to Gravity and Orbits simulation.

To open the simulation,

right click on gravity-and-orbits_en.html file.

Select Open With Firefox Web Browser Option.

Simulation opens in the browser.

Point to Gravity and Orbits simulation. This is the interface of Gravity and Orbits simulation.
Point to Model and To Scale screens. The interface has two screens.

Model

To Scale.

Point to Model screen. Let us begin our demonstration with Model screen.
Click on Model screen.

Point to the box.

Point to the four systems.

Click on Model screen to open it.

On the right side of the screen you can see a box.

It has four solar system like models.

Point to the arrow button. Next to models there is a gray coloured, Reset button.

This button sets the solar system to its default state.

Point to the on and off radio-buttons. We can select Gravity, using on and off radio buttons.
Point to the check-boxes. Below Gravity, we have check-boxes for-

Gravity Force

Velocity

Path and

Grid .

Click on all the check-boxes. Click on all the check-boxes.
Point to box.

Point to Star and Planet sliders.

Below this box we have another box.

It consists of sliders to change the mass of Star and Planet.

Point to Fast Forward, Normal and Slow motion radio buttons.

Point to Normal radio button.

Bottom of the screen we have,

Fast Forward, Normal and Slow motion radio buttons to change the animation speed.

By default Normal speed is selected.

Point to Rewind, Play/Pause and Step buttons. Also there are Rewind, Play/Pause and Step buttons.
Point to Clear button. Clear button to reset the Earth Days count.
Point to Reset button. Reset button to reset the simulation.
Point to Sun and Earth.

Click on Play button.

Point to the orbit.

By default Sun and Earth system is selected.

Now click on Play button.

Notice that,

Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path.

This circular motion is due to centripetal force.

Slide Number 10

Centripetal Force

Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path.

This force acts towards the center.

Point to the orbit.

Point to change in direction of earth in orbit.

This circular path is its orbit.

Earth changes its direction of revolution at every point on the orbit.

Point to Earth's velocity perpendicular to Gravity force. Notice that,

Direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's Gravitational pull.

Cursor on interface. Now Let us count Earth Days.
Click on Reset arrow button. Click on Reset arrow to bring the sun and earth to its default position.
Point to Earth Days. Observe the changes in the Earth Days as earth orbits the sun.
Click on Slow Motion radio-button. Now we will change the animation to slow to count the days precisely.
Click on Pause button.

Point to Earth Days.

Click on Pause to pause the simulation.

Earth takes 365 days to complete one revolution.

Cursor on interface. Next we will see what happens to earth in the absence of gravity.
Click on off radio-button of Gavity.

Click on Normal radio-button.

Click on off radio button.

Now we will change the animation to normal.

Click on Play button.

Point to straight line.

Then click on Play button.

Observe that,

In the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line.

This motion is tangential to the circular path.

Click on Return Objects button.

Point to the earth.

Click on Return Objects button.

Earth will return to its default position.

Cursor on the interface. Now we will see the effect of change in mass on an orbit.
Point to Star Mass slider.

Drag Star Mass slider towards 1.5.

Point to Sun.

By default the Star Mass slider is at Our Sun.

Let's drag the Star Mass slider towards 1.5.

As you drag, observe the increase in size of the star.

Click on Gravity radio-button >> Play button.

Point to the orbit.

Point to elliptical path.

Next, click Gravity's on radio button and then Play button.

Observe the path of the orbit.

Earth now moves in an elliptical path.

Size of the orbit also becomes small.

Point to the sun.

Point to Earth Days.

Here sun is not at the center of the orbit.

Note that, Earth Days decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun.

Drag Planet Mass slider towards 1.5.

Point to the Gravity force.

Drag the Planet Mass slider towards 1.5.

Notice that force of gravity between them increases.

Click on Pause button. Click on Pause button to pause the simulation.
Click on planet >> drag the planet away from sun.

Click on Play button.

Click on the planet and drag it away from the sun.

Click on the Play button.

Point to Gravity force arrow. Observe that,

Gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun.

Click on Pause button.

Click on Reset button.

Click on Pause button.

Click on Reset button to reset the system.

Click on Sun, Earth and Moon system. Now select Sun, Earth and Moon system.
Drag the slider to + sign. Drag the slider towards + sign to zoom in the view.
Click on Play button. Then click on Play button.
Point to pink coloured orbit.

Point to earths circular orbit.

Notice that,

moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun.

Point to the moon in orbit. Here moon is a satellite of the earth.
Slide Number 11

Assignment

As an assignment,

Using Model screen,

Explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems.

Cursor on To Scale screen. Now we will move on to To Scale screen.
Click on To Scale screen. Click on To Scale screen at the bottom of the interface.
Point to To Scale screen.

Point to Mass and Measuring Tape check-boxes.

To Scale screen has same tools as that of Model screen.

This screen has two additional check-boxes-

Mass and

Measuring Tape

Click on Mass, Path and Grid check-boxes. Click on Mass, Path and Grid check-boxes.
Point to the sun and earth system. By default sun and earth system is selected.
Point to the Star and Planet masses. Here, star's mass is 333 thousand Earth masses and planet's mass is 1 Earth mass.
Click on Play button.

Click on Pause button.

Click on Play button to show the path of revolution.

Then click on pause button.

Lets measure the distance between star and Earth.
Click on Measuring Tape check-box. Check against Measuring Tape check-box.
Uncheck Mass check-box. Uncheck Mass check-box.

This will enable us to measure the distance precisely.

Drag zoom in slider. Drag the zoom in slider towards + sign to zoom in the view.
Drag Measuring Tape on star and then to planet.

Point to the distance.

Point to 91503 thousand miles.

Place the Measuring Tape on star and drag the other end to the planet.

Note the Distance between star and planet.

It is 91503 thousand miles.

This value may vary a little in your case because sun is also in motion.

Cursor on the interface. Let us calculate gravitational force between Earth and sun.
Slide Number 12

Universal Law of Gravitation

Universal law of gravitation-

Force of attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses.

It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Slide Number 13

Universal Law of Gravitation

This force is along the line joining the centers of two objects.
Slide Number 14

Calculation of Gravitational Force

F=(G x M x m)/d^2

G= 6.67 x 10-11Nm2/kg2

M=1.989 x 1030 kg m=5.972 x 1024 kg

d = 91353 x 103 miles 1 mile = 1.609 x 103 m

F= [(6.67 x 10-11)(1.99 x 1030)(5.97 x 1024)]/[(91503 x 103 x 1.609 x 103)2]

F=(79.27 x 1043)/(2.165 x 1022 )

F=3.6 x 1022N

Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula

where G is universal gravitation constant

capital M is mass of sun

small m is mass of earth

and d is distance between earth and planet

We substitute the values of G, capital M, small m and d in this formula.

This will give us the value of the Gravitational force between sun and Earth.

The value is 3.6 x1022 N(newton).

Slide Number 15

Assignment

As an assignment,

Using To Scale screen,

Determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite.

Now we will move on to My Solar System PhET simulation.
Point to the file in Downloads folder. I have already downloaded My Solar System simulation to my Downloads folder.
To open Java file.

Press Ctrl, Alt and T keys.

Type cd Downloads and press enter.

To run the simulation, open the terminal.

At the prompt type cd Downloads and press Enter.

Type java space hyphen jar my-solar-system_en.jar press Enter.

Point to the Interface.

Then type, java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar and press Enter.

My Solar System simulation opens.

Cursor on the interface. This is the interface of My Solar System simulation.
Point to drop down box.

Click on drop down arrow and scroll down.

Screen has a system drop-down box on the right side.

Here we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice.

Point to box.

Point to Start, Stop and Reset buttons.

Below the drop-down box there is another box.

It consists of Start, Stop and Reset buttons.

Point out to

System Centered

Show Traces

Show Grid and

Tape Measure check-boxes.

We have check-boxes for System Centered, Show Traces, Show Grid and Tape Measure.

Use these check-boxes as an when required.

Point to slider. There is a slider to control the speed of animation.
Point to the Initial Settings.

Point to the mass, position and velocity values.

Point to radio-buttons.

Screen is provided with Initial Settings at the bottom.

Here we can input the mass, position and velocity values in their respective boxes.

We can also use radio-buttons to select a number of bodies.

Click on drop down arrow. Now click on drop down arrow.
Scroll to Sun, planet, comet>> click on it. Scroll to Sun, planet, comet and click on it.
Point to planet, sun and comet. We see 3 colored objects planet, sun and comet.
Point to red coloured arrow.

Point to V.

Red coloured arrow indicates the velocity.

It is a vector quantity indicated by V in circle.

Click on Start button.

Point to orbit of comet.

Click on Start button and observe the orbits.

Comet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit.

Click on Stop button. Click on Stop button.
Place cursor on Sun, Planet and comet. Hover the mouse over Sun, Planet and comet to get their mass, current position and velocity.
Click on start button. Click on start button.
Point to comet. After a few revolutions the comet collides with the Sun and disappears.
Click on drop down box>>>click on Start button.

Point to orbits.

Click on Stop button.

Hover the mouse on the bodies.

Select Four star ballet and click on Start button.

Observe the orbits.

Then click on Stop button.

Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their mass, position and velocity.

Slide Number 16

Assignment

As an assignment,

Select various systems and observe the orbits.

Change the Initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and

Explain the observation.

Let us Summarise.
Slide Number 17

Summary

In this tutorial we have demonstrated,

How to use Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations.

Slide Number 18

Summary

Using this simulations we have,

Described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite.

Studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force.

Explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system.

Slide Number 19

Summary

Identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity.

Determined the gravitational force.

Slide Number 20

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 21

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 22

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.

Please post your timed queries on this forum.
Slide Number 23

Acknowledgements

This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 24

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Meenalghoderao

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