Difference between revisions of "PhET/C2/Energy-forms-and-changes/English"

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Line 12: Line 12:
  
 
'''Learning objectives'''  
 
'''Learning objectives'''  
−
|| In this tutorial We will,  
+
|| In this tutorial we will,  
  
 
Demonstrate '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''.  
 
Demonstrate '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''.  
Line 61: Line 61:
 
|| Energy is the capacity to do work on objects.  
 
|| Energy is the capacity to do work on objects.  
  
−
It is a scalar quantity.  
+
It is a '''scalar''' quantity.  
  
−
In SI system, it is measured in joules.  
+
In '''SI system''', it is measured in '''joules'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| '''Slide Number 8'''  
 
|| '''Slide Number 8'''  
Line 70: Line 70:
 
|| Energy exists in nature in several forms such as-  
 
|| Energy exists in nature in several forms such as-  
  
−
'''Mechanical energy '''(potential energy+ kinetic energy)
+
'''Mechanical energy (potential energy + kinetic energy)'''
  
 
'''Electrical energy'''  
 
'''Electrical energy'''  
Line 88: Line 88:
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
 
[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Point to '''Energy Forms and Changes phet simulation'''.  
+
|| Point to '''Energy Forms and Changes PhET simulation'''.  
 
|| I have already downloaded '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
 
|| I have already downloaded '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 95: Line 95:
 
Press '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T''' keys.  
 
Press '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T''' keys.  
  
−
Type '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.  
+
Type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.  
−
|| To run the '''simulation''', open the terminal.  
+
|| To run the '''simulation''', open the '''terminal'''.  
  
−
At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press enter.  
+
At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Type '''java – jar energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press enter.  
+
|| Type '''java – jar energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''.  
  
 
Point to interface.  
 
Point to interface.  
 
|| Then type,  
 
|| Then type,  
  
−
'''java space hyphen jar space energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press enter.  
+
'''java space hyphen jar space energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''.  
  
 
'''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' opens.  
 
'''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' opens.  
Line 112: Line 112:
 
|| The '''simulation''' screen has 2 tabs at the top-  
 
|| The '''simulation''' screen has 2 tabs at the top-  
  
−
'''Intro'''  
+
'''Intro''' and
  
 
'''Energy Systems'''.  
 
'''Energy Systems'''.  
Line 146: Line 146:
 
In this set up, the energy transfer is in the form of thermal energy.  
 
In this set up, the energy transfer is in the form of thermal energy.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Point to heat regulators.  
+
|| Point to '''heat regulators'''.  
  
 
Point to stands.  
 
Point to stands.  
−
|| There are two heat regulators to heat or cool the system.  
+
|| There are two '''heat regulators''' to heat or cool the system.  
  
−
Heat regulators are provided with stands.  
+
'''Heat regulators''' are provided with stands.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to '''Normal''' and '''Fast Forward''' radio-buttons.  
 
|| Point to '''Normal''' and '''Fast Forward''' radio-buttons.  
Line 177: Line 177:
 
Drag and attach the thermometer to the container.  
 
Drag and attach the thermometer to the container.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards.  
+
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards.  
  
 
Point to vapours.  
 
Point to vapours.  
 +
 +
'''heat regulator'''
  
 
Point to energy chunks.  
 
Point to energy chunks.  
−
|| Now drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards to heat the Water.  
+
|| Now drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards to heat the Water.  
  
 
As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed.  
 
As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed.  
Line 188: Line 190:
 
Also observe that energy chunks escape into the atmosphere.  
 
Also observe that energy chunks escape into the atmosphere.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator downwards.  
+
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' downwards.  
  
 
Point to water in container.  
 
Point to water in container.  
  
−
Drag and place the container on the workbench.  
+
Drag and place the container on the '''workbench'''.  
−
|| Next drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator downwards to cool the Water.  
+
|| Next drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' downwards to cool the Water.  
  
 
As the temperature decreases water freezes and becomes ice.  
 
As the temperature decreases water freezes and becomes ice.  
  
−
Drag and place the container on the workbench.  
+
Drag and place the container on the '''workbench'''.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Drag the '''Iron''' block and place it on stand.  
 
|| Drag the '''Iron''' block and place it on stand.  
Line 216: Line 218:
 
Observe the temperature on the thermometer.  
 
Observe the temperature on the thermometer.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards.  
+
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards.  
−
|| Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards to heat the '''Iron''' block.  
+
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards to heat the '''Iron''' block.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to energy chunks.  
 
|| Point to energy chunks.  
Line 237: Line 239:
 
This results in decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' block.  
 
This results in decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' block.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Drag the slider up on the heat regulator.  
+
|| Drag the slider up on the '''heat regulator'''.  
 
|| Again heat the '''Iron''' block to maximum temperature.  
 
|| Again heat the '''Iron''' block to maximum temperature.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Place the heated '''Iron '''block in the Water container.  
+
|| Place the heated '''Iron ''' block in the Water container.  
 
|| Drag and place the heated '''Iron''' block in the '''Water''' container.  
 
|| Drag and place the heated '''Iron''' block in the '''Water''' container.  
  
Line 257: Line 259:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to thermometers of '''Iron''' block and '''Water''' container.  
 
|| Point to thermometers of '''Iron''' block and '''Water''' container.  
−
|| This heat transfer process continues till objects reach thermal equilibrium.  
+
|| This heat transfer process continues till objects reach '''thermal equilibrium'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 264: Line 266:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Place the '''Iron''' block on the Heat regulator.  
+
|| Place the '''Iron''' block on the '''heat regulator'''.  
  
 
Drag and hold the slider down.  
 
Drag and hold the slider down.  
  
 
Point to thermometer of '''Iron''' block.  
 
Point to thermometer of '''Iron''' block.  
−
|| Now again place the '''Iron''' block on the Heat regulator.  
+
|| Now again place the '''Iron''' block on the '''heat regulator'''.  
  
 
Drag and hold the slider down to cool the '''Iron''' block.  
 
Drag and hold the slider down to cool the '''Iron''' block.  
Line 286: Line 288:
 
Drag >>place the thermometer on the '''Brick''' block.  
 
Drag >>place the thermometer on the '''Brick''' block.  
  
−
Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards.  
+
Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards.  
 
|| Now place both the blocks on to the stands.  
 
|| Now place both the blocks on to the stands.  
  
Line 297: Line 299:
 
Point to thermometers.  
 
Point to thermometers.  
  
−
|| Wait till thermal equilibrium is established.  
+
|| Wait till '''thermal equilibrium''' is established.  
  
 
Observe the decrease in temperatures.  
 
Observe the decrease in temperatures.  
Line 337: Line 339:
 
|| Point to set of energy sources.  
 
|| Point to set of energy sources.  
  
−
Point to turbine and solar system .
+
Point to turbine and solar system.
  
 
Point to set of receivers.  
 
Point to set of receivers.  
Line 352: Line 354:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Point to Faucet, turbine, '''Water''' container and thermometer.  
+
|| Point to '''Faucet''', turbine, '''Water''' container and thermometer.  
 
|| By default screen has a set up of-  
 
|| By default screen has a set up of-  
  
−
Faucet as energy source,  
+
'''Faucet''' as energy source,  
  
 
Turbine as Electrical energy generation system and  
 
Turbine as Electrical energy generation system and  
Line 375: Line 377:
  
 
Point to '''Mechanical''' Energy chunks.  
 
Point to '''Mechanical''' Energy chunks.  
−
|| Now drag the blue slider to turn on the faucet.  
+
|| Now drag the blue slider to turn on the '''faucet'''.  
  
 
Notice that water flowing from faucet has '''Mechanical''' energy.  
 
Notice that water flowing from faucet has '''Mechanical''' energy.  
Line 401: Line 403:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Click on Sun button.  
+
|| Click on '''Sun''' button.  
  
 
Click on solar panel button.  
 
Click on solar panel button.  
Line 408: Line 410:
 
Replace the turbine with solar panel.  
 
Replace the turbine with solar panel.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Click on incandescent bulb button.  
+
|| Click on '''incandescent''' bulb button.  
  
−
|| Now instead of '''Water''' container, select incandescent bulb.  
+
|| Now instead of '''Water''' container, select '''incandescent''' bulb.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to clouds slider at '''None'''.  
 
|| Point to clouds slider at '''None'''.  
 +
 
Point to '''Light''' energy.  
 
Point to '''Light''' energy.  
  
Line 428: Line 431:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to '''Light''' energy and '''Thermal''' energy chunks.  
 
|| Point to '''Light''' energy and '''Thermal''' energy chunks.  
−
|| The incandescent bulb converts '''Electrical''' energy into, a lot of '''Thermal''' energy and very little '''Light''' energy.  
+
|| The incandescent bulb converts '''Electrical''' energy into,
 +
 
 +
a lot of '''Thermal''' energy and very little '''Light''' energy.  
  
 
This is because the filament gets heated up.  
 
This is because the filament gets heated up.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Click on fluorescent bulb.  
+
|| Click on '''fluorescent''' bulb.  
  
−
Point to fluorescent light bulb.  
+
Point to '''fluorescent''' light bulb.  
 
   
 
   
−
|| Next replace the incandescent bulb with the fluorescent bulb.  
+
|| Next replace the '''incandescent''' bulb with the '''fluorescent''' bulb.  
  
−
Observe the energy output of fluorescent bulb.  
+
Observe the energy output of '''fluorescent''' bulb.  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Point to fluorescent light bulb.  
+
||Point to '''fluorescent''' light bulb.  
 
||Notice that,  
 
||Notice that,  
  
 
The fluorescent bulb releases more '''Light''' energy and less '''Thermal''' energy.  
 
The fluorescent bulb releases more '''Light''' energy and less '''Thermal''' energy.  
  
−
Therefore fluorescent bulb is more efficient.  
+
Therefore '''fluorescent''' bulb is more efficient.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
||  
 
||  
Line 471: Line 476:
 
|| As an assignment,  
 
|| As an assignment,  
 
   
 
   
−
Select cycle-generator system.  
+
Select '''cycle-generator system'''.  
  
 
Explain why the cyclist must be fed in order to continue to pedal.  
 
Explain why the cyclist must be fed in order to continue to pedal.  
Line 567: Line 572:
 
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay.  
 
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay.  
 
Thank you for joining.  
 
Thank you for joining.  
 +
|-
  
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 16:25, 8 June 2018

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title slide

Welcome to this tutorial on Energy Forms and Changes simulation.
Slide Number 2

Learning objectives

In this tutorial we will,

Demonstrate Energy Forms and Changes, PhET simulation.

Slide Number 3

System Requirements

Here I am using-

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial,

Learner should be familiar with topics in high school physics.

Slide Number 5

Learning Goals

Using this simulation we will learn,

To conserve energy in real-life systems.

To compare thermal conductivity of different objects.

About different forms of energy.

Slide Number 6

Learning Goals

Using this simulation we will,

Predict how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled.

Design energy systems.

Study how energy changes from one form to another.

Slide Number 7

About Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work on objects.

It is a scalar quantity.

In SI system, it is measured in joules.

Slide Number 8

Forms of Energy

Energy exists in nature in several forms such as-

Mechanical energy (potential energy + kinetic energy)

Electrical energy

Thermal energy

Light energy and

Chemical energy.

Slide Number 9

Link for PhET simulation

Use the given link to download the simulation.

http://phet.colorado.edu

Point to Energy Forms and Changes PhET simulation. I have already downloaded Energy Forms and Changes simulation to my Downloads folder.
To open java file,

Press Ctrl, Alt and T keys.

Type cd Downloads and press Enter.

To run the simulation, open the terminal.

At the prompt type cd Downloads and press Enter.

Type java – jar energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar and press Enter.

Point to interface.

Then type,

java space hyphen jar space energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar and press Enter.

Energy Forms and Changes simulation opens.

Point to Intro and Energy Systems tab. The simulation screen has 2 tabs at the top-

Intro and

Energy Systems.

Cursor on Intro screen. By default Intro screen opens.
Cursor on Intro screen. Intro screen helps to predict,

how thermal energy flows when objects are heated or cooled.

Point to three thermometers. Left side of the screen has a set of three thermometers.
Point to Energy Symbols check-box.

Click on Energy Symbols check-box.

Right side of the screen has Energy Symbols check-box.

Click on Energy Symbols check-box.

Point to energy chunks in Iron block, Brick block and Water container.

Point to energy chunks.

Cursor on interface.

Energy chunks will appear in Iron block, Brick block and Water container.

Number of chunks is proportional to amount of energy in each of the objects.

In this set up, the energy transfer is in the form of thermal energy.

Point to heat regulators.

Point to stands.

There are two heat regulators to heat or cool the system.

Heat regulators are provided with stands.

Point to Normal and Fast Forward radio-buttons.

Point to Play / Pause button.

Point to Step button.

Point to Reset All button.

At the bottom of the screen we have,

Normal and Fast Forward radio-buttons to control the speed of animation.

Play / Pause button

Step button and

Reset All button.

Drag the Water container onto the stand.

Drag and attach the thermometer to the container.

Drag the Water container onto the stand.

Drag and attach the thermometer to the container.

Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards.

Point to vapours.

heat regulator

Point to energy chunks.

Now drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards to heat the Water.

As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed.

Also observe that energy chunks escape into the atmosphere.

Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator downwards.

Point to water in container.

Drag and place the container on the workbench.

Next drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator downwards to cool the Water.

As the temperature decreases water freezes and becomes ice.

Drag and place the container on the workbench.

Drag the Iron block and place it on stand.

Drag >>place the thermometer on the Iron block.

Now drag the Iron block and place it on the first stand.

Drag and place the thermometer on the Iron block.

Drag Brick block and Water container to a side. Move the Brick block and Water container to a side.
Point to energy chunks in Iron block.

Point to thermometer.

Before you start heating, note the number of energy chunks in the Iron block.

Observe the temperature on the thermometer.

Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards. Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards to heat the Iron block.
Point to energy chunks.

Cursor on the interface.

Point to energy chunks in Iron block.

Observe that energy from heat is transferred to Iron block in the form of chunks.

Here internal energy of Iron block increases.

This is due to the flow of heat from the heat source to Iron block.

Point to energy chunks of Iron block going into atmosphere.

Point to temperature of Iron block.

Observe that some chunks from Iron block escape into the atmosphere.

This results in decrease in the temperature of Iron block.

Drag the slider up on the heat regulator. Again heat the Iron block to maximum temperature.
Place the heated Iron block in the Water container. Drag and place the heated Iron block in the Water container.
Point to energy chunks.

Point to thermometer of Iron block.

Point to thermometer of Water container.

Energy chunks travel from hot Iron block into Water.

This results in, decrease in the temperature of Iron Block.

Water becomes hot and its temperature increases.

Point to thermometers of Iron block and Water container. This heat transfer process continues till objects reach thermal equilibrium.
Click on Fast Forward radio-button. Let us choose Fast Forward option to make the process faster.
Place the Iron block on the heat regulator.

Drag and hold the slider down.

Point to thermometer of Iron block.

Now again place the Iron block on the heat regulator.

Drag and hold the slider down to cool the Iron block.

Cool the Iron block until thermometer reaches its minimum temperature.

Place the Iron block in Water container.

Point to thermometer of Iron block and Water container.

Again place the cooled Iron block in Water container.

Note the temperature changes and energy chunks transformation.

Place the Iron and Brick blocks on stand.

Drag >>place the thermometer on the Brick block.

Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards.

Now place both the blocks on to the stands.

Drag and place the thermometer on the Brick block.

Heat the blocks one by one until you will see maximum rise in temperatures.

Cursor on the interface.

Point to thermometers.

Wait till thermal equilibrium is established.

Observe the decrease in temperatures.

Point to energy chunks of Iron block and Brick block.

Point to Iron block and Brick block.

Observe that Iron block has more number of energy chunks than Brick block.

This indicates that Iron has more thermal conductivity than Brick.

Slide Number 10

Assignment

As an assignment,

Heat Iron block and Brick block at the same time.

Place heated Iron block above the heated Brick block.

And explain the observation.

Point to Energy Systems tab. Now we will move on to Energy Systems screen.
Click on Energy Systems tab.

Cursor on Energy Systems screen.

Click on Energy Systems tab.

Energy Systems screen opens.

Cursor on Energy Systems screen. This screen gives an idea about conservation of energy from everyday life.
Point to set of energy sources.

Point to turbine and solar system.

Point to set of receivers.

Screen at the bottom has a set of-

Energy sources

Electrical energy generation systems and

Receivers.

Point to Reset All button. Reset All button is available at the bottom right corner of the screen.
Point to Faucet, turbine, Water container and thermometer. By default screen has a set up of-

Faucet as energy source,

Turbine as Electrical energy generation system and

Water container with thermometer as a receiver.

Click on Energy Symbols check-box.

Point to Forms of Energy panel.

Point to each energy in the panel.

Click on Energy Symbols check-box.

Forms of Energy panel will display.

Forms of Energy panel helps you to identify the various forms of energy.

Drag the blue slider.

Point to Mechanical Energy chunks.

Now drag the blue slider to turn on the faucet.

Notice that water flowing from faucet has Mechanical energy.

Point to Electrical energy chunks.

Point to thermometer attached to Water container.

This Mechanical energy turns the turbine which creates Electrical energy.

This energy causes the temperature of the water to increase.

Point to vapours of water.

Point to Thermal energy chunks.

As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed.

It gives off more Thermal energy into the atmosphere.

Cursor on the interface. Here energy is conserved as total energy of the system remains constant.
Let's set up another energy system.
Click on Sun button.

Click on solar panel button.

Here we will select Sun as a energy source.

Replace the turbine with solar panel.

Click on incandescent bulb button. Now instead of Water container, select incandescent bulb.
Point to clouds slider at None.

Point to Light energy.

In this system, initially their is no cloud.

Here the sun is the source of Light energy.

Point to Electrical energy.

Point to bulb.

This light energy is absorbed by the solar panel to create Electrical energy.

This Electrical energy causes the bulb to glow.

Point to Light energy and Thermal energy chunks. The incandescent bulb converts Electrical energy into,

a lot of Thermal energy and very little Light energy.

This is because the filament gets heated up.

Click on fluorescent bulb.

Point to fluorescent light bulb.

Next replace the incandescent bulb with the fluorescent bulb.

Observe the energy output of fluorescent bulb.

Point to fluorescent light bulb. Notice that,

The fluorescent bulb releases more Light energy and less Thermal energy.

Therefore fluorescent bulb is more efficient.

Now let's see the effect of Clouds on solar panel.
Drag the Clouds blue slider gradually from None to Lots.

Points to clouds.

Drag the Clouds slider gradually from None to Lots.

As you drag the slider, clouds appear.

Point to Light energy.

Point to solar panel.

Due to the presence of clouds light energy does not reach the solar panel.

So generation of Electrical energy stops.

Slide Number 11

Assignment

As an assignment,

Select cycle-generator system.

Explain why the cyclist must be fed in order to continue to pedal.

Slide Number 12

Assignment

Set up different systems and let it run for a while.

Observe the energy transformations in each system and

Tabulate your observations.

Let us summarize.
Slide Number 13

Summary

In this tutorial we have demonstrated,

How to use Energy Forms and Changes, PhET simulation.

Slide Number 14

Summary

Using this simulation we have learnt,

To conserve energy in real-life systems.

To compare thermal conductivity of different objects.

About different forms of energy.

Slide Number 15

Summary

Using this simulation we have,

Predicted how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled.

Designed energy systems.

Studied how energy changes from one form to another.

Slide Number 16

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 17

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 18

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site. Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly. Someone from our team will answer them.

Please post your timed queries on this forum.
Slide Number 19

Acknowledgements

This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
Slide Number 20

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Meenalghoderao

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