Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/pH-Scale/English-timed"

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Latest revision as of 15:17, 12 August 2022

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to this Spoken tutorial on pH scale using interactive PhET simulation.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn how to use interactive PhET simulation, pH scale.
00:15 To follow this tutorial,learners should be familiar with topics in high school science.
00:22 Here I am using-

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2.

00:38 Using this simulation, we will learn to-

1. Determine whether a given solution is an acid or a base.

00:49 2. Arrange acids and bases according to their strength

3. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ion, hydronium ion and water at a given pH.

01:01 Using this simulation, we will learn about:

4. pH of a solution

5. Effect of dilution on pH of a solution

6.Logarithmic and Linear scale.

01:16 pH scale is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
01:25 pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L.
01:30 pH is negative logarithm to base 10 of hydrogen ion concentration.

pH = - log[H]

01:37 For acidic solutions, pH is less than 7(< 7).
01:42 For basic solutions, pH is greater than 7 (> 7).
01:47 For neutral solutions, pH is equal to 7 (= 7).
01:52 Use the given link to download the simulation.

http://phet.colorado.edu

01:57 I have already downloaded the pH Scale PhET, to my Downloads folder.
02:02 To open the simulation, right-click on ph-scale html file.
02:08 Choose the option Open With Firefox Web Browser. The file opens in the browser.
02:16 This is the interface of pH scale simulation.
02:20 The interface has three screens-

Macro

Micro

My solution

02:27 Let us begin our simulation with Macro screen. Click on Macro screen to open it.
02:36 This screen has-

A pH scale on the left, to display pH range from 0 to 14.

02:44 A green probe attached to pH scale, to measure pH and A pH meter to show pH of the liquids.
02:54 A water pump on the right side of screen to add water.
02:59 A graduated water container filled by default, with Chicken Soup.
03:05 A pump to remove solution is attached at the bottom left of the container.
03:11 A dropper to add liquid.
03:14 A drop down box to choose one of the liquids. By default, Chicken Soup is selected.
03:22 A Reset button is provided at the right hand side bottom corner.
03:28 Click on the drop-down arrow.
03:31 Scroll to Battery Acid and click on it. Notice that the container is filled with Battery Acid up to 0.50 L (0.5 litres).
03:42 Drag the green probe into the container and observe the pH.
03:48 Meter shows the pH value as 1.0. As pH is less than 7(<7), Battery Acid is an acidic solution.
03:58 Now click on the water pump to add more water.
04:03 Increase the water level up to 1 Litre. Observe the change in pH on addition of water.

Now pH meter shows pH value as 1.30.

04:16 Notice that pH of Battery Acid increases on addition of water.

This is because hydrogen [H] ion concentration decreases with dilution.

04:28 Now we will select another solution.
04:32 Click on drop down arrow.
04:34 Scroll to Hand Soap and click on it. Container is filled with Hand Soap solution.
04:42 Here, pH meter shows the value of pH as 10.00. This indicates that Hand Soap is basic in nature.
04:54 Click on water pump to add water to Hand Soap solution.
04:59 For 1 L, Hand Soap solution shows a pH value of 9.70.
05:06 We can see that pH of Hand Soap solution decreases on dilution.
05:12 This is because hydroxide ion (OH) concentration decreases with dilution.
05:18 Click on the bottom pump to remove half litre of Hand Soap solution.
05:24 Click on the dropper and increase the level of Hand Soap solution to 0.6 L. Notice the change in pH.
05:34 It increases as concentration of hydroxide ion (OH) increases.
05:39 Now we will arrange the acids and bases according to their strengths.
05:45 For that, we will check the pH of different liquids.
05:50 Click on drop down arrow and select Blood. Container is filled with Blood up to 0.50 L.
05:59 Meter shows the pH value as 7.40. As pH is greater than 7( >7), Blood is a basic solution.
06:09 Again click on drop down arrow and select Orange Juice.
06:14 Meter shows pH value as 3.50 for 0.50 L. It is clear that Orange Juice is an acidic solution.
06:26 According to the above pH values the order is as follows.

Hand soap > Blood > Orange Juice > Battery Acid.

06:38 As an assignment,

Check the pH of each liquid. And, arrange the liquids according to the pH range.

06:48 Now, we will move on to Micro screen. Click on Micro screen at the bottom of the interface.
06:57 This screen has the following tools-

A pH scale on the left hand side of screen,

07:04 A switch on the top of pH scale to select between Concentration and Quantity,

A red button with a minus(-) to hide pH scale,

07:16 A switch at the bottom to select between Logarithmic and Linear scale.
07:22 Check boxes to select-

Hydronium ion to hydroxide ion ratio (H30+/OH- ) and Molecule count,

07:30 In the pH meter, a red button with a minus(-) to hide pH reader and value.
07:38 Click on the drop down arrow and select Soda Pop.

Container is filled with Soda Pop.

07:46 pH meter shows pH value as 2.50. It means, Soda Pop is an acidic solution.
07:54 As Soda Pop is acidic, concentration of hydronium ion is high and hydroxide ion is low.
08:02 Then click on Quantity(mol).
08:05 We will see the number of moles of hydronium ion, hydroxide ion and water.
08:12 Let us change Logarithmic scale to Linear. To do so, click on Linear .
08:20 The pH scale changes to Linear mode. We also see that pH values become Linear.
08:28 But we will not use Linear scale as pH is in Logarithmic scale.
08:34 Click on Hydronium ion to hydroxide ion ratio (H30+/OH-) check box.
08:39 A large number of red dots are seen in the container. These are hydronium ions.
08:46 A few blue dots that are seen are hydroxide ions(</sup>/OH-).
08:51 To see count of molecules in Soda Pop, click on Molecule count check box.
08:57 Count of hydronium ions, hydroxide ions and water molecules in Soda Pop is seen.
09:05 Let us see how dilution affects the number of molecules.
09:10 Click on water pump, fill the container up to 1 L. Observe the change in Molecule Count.

Note the increase in pH value. pH becomes 2.80.

09:25 As an assignment, measure the pH of Blood sample.
09:30 Observe the change in Molecule Count and H30+/OH- ratio after dilution.
09:37 Now, we will move on to My Solution screen. Click on My Solution screen at the bottom of the interface.
09:46 My Solution screen has the same tools as that of Macro and Micro screens.
09:53 This screen also has some additional tools:
09:57 a graduated container on the right hand side of screen, a pH meter to adjust pH directly.
10:05 This screen allows direct manipulation of pH or ion concentration.
10:11 In this screen, we can make a solution of our choice in two ways-

1. By moving the H30+or OH- slider on pH scale,

2. By clicking black arrow upwards or downwards.

10:28 Let us move the hydronium ion (H30+) slider upwards.
10:32 Notice that, simultaneously Hydroxide ion (OH-) slider also moves downwards.
10:38 Let's make a solution of pH 4.0 by clicking the black arrow downwards. This is an acidic solution.
10:48 Now, click on Hydronium ion to hydroxide ion (H30+/OH-) ratio and Molecule count check boxes.
10:55 Notice that Molecule count for hydronium ion (H30+) is 3.01 x 1019.
11:01 As an assignment,

make solutions of pH 7.0 and 9.0. Observe and compare the change in molecules.

11:13 Let us summarize.

In this tutorial, we have learnt about interactive PhET simulation, pH scale.

11:22 Using this simulation, we have learnt to-

1.Determine whether a given solution is an acid or a base.

11:31 2. Arrange acids and bases according to their strength.
11:36 3. Determine the concentration of hydronium ion, hydroxide ion and water at a given pH
11:43 4. pH of a solution

5. Effect of dilution on pH of solution 6. Logarithmic and Linear scale.

11:53 The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
12:02 The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.

12:15 Please post your timed queries in this forum.
12:21 This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
12:29 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link.
12:41 This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay. Thank you for joining.

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