Difference between revisions of "PERL/C2/Array-functions/English-timed"

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|Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Array Functions''' in '''Perl'''

|Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Array Functions''' in '''Perl'''

|-

|-

| In this tutorial, we will learn about '''Array functions''' in '''Perl''', like  

| In this tutorial, we will learn about '''Array functions''' in '''Perl''', like  

|-

|-

|'''push '''

|'''push '''

   

   

|-

|-

| '''pop'''  

| '''pop'''  

    

    

|-

|-

|'''shift'''

|'''shift'''

   

   

|-

|-

| '''unshift '''

| '''unshift '''

|-

|-

|'''split'''

|'''split'''

|-

|-

| '''splice '''

| '''splice '''

|-

|-

| and ''' join'''

| and ''' join'''

|-

|-

| '''sort'''

| '''sort'''

|-

|-

| '''qw'''

| '''qw'''

|-

|-

|I am using ''' Ubuntu Linux12.04''' operating system and '''Perl 5.14.2'''

|I am using ''' Ubuntu Linux12.04''' operating system and '''Perl 5.14.2'''

   

   

|-

|-

|I will also be using the '''gedit''' Text Editor.  

|I will also be using the '''gedit''' Text Editor.  

   

   

|-

|-

| You can use any text editor of your choice.  

| You can use any text editor of your choice.  

   

   

|-

|-

|You should have basic knowledge of ''' Variables,  Data Structures'''  and  '''Arrays''' in '''Perl'''

|You should have basic knowledge of ''' Variables,  Data Structures'''  and  '''Arrays''' in '''Perl'''

|-

|-

|Knowledge of ''' Comments, loops'''  and ''' conditional statements''' will be an added advantage.

|Knowledge of ''' Comments, loops'''  and ''' conditional statements''' will be an added advantage.

   

   

|-

|-

|Please go through the relevant spoken tutorials on the '''spoken tutorial''' website.  

|Please go through the relevant spoken tutorials on the '''spoken tutorial''' website.  

|-

|-

|'''Perl'''  provides certain inbuilt '''functions.'''   

|'''Perl'''  provides certain inbuilt '''functions.'''   

|-

|-

|These '''functions''' can perform various operations on an '''Array. '''

|These '''functions''' can perform various operations on an '''Array. '''

|-

|-

| Let us first learn how to add and remove elements from last position of an '''Array'''.  

| Let us first learn how to add and remove elements from last position of an '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

|'This can be done by using;  

|'This can be done by using;  

|-

|-

| '''push function''' which adds an element at the last position of an '''Array'''  

| '''push function''' which adds an element at the last position of an '''Array'''  

   

   

|-

|-

|and ''' pop function''' which removes an element from the last position of an '''Array'''  

|and ''' pop function''' which removes an element from the last position of an '''Array'''  

|-

|-

| Let us understand '''push''' and '''pop functions''' by using a sample program.  

| Let us understand '''push''' and '''pop functions''' by using a sample program.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Open the terminal and type ''' gedit perlArray dot pl space ampersand '''

|Open the terminal and type ''' gedit perlArray dot pl space ampersand '''

   

   

|-

|-

| And Press ''' Enter '''

| And Press ''' Enter '''

|-

|-

|This will open ''' perlArray dot pl''' file in '''gedit'''.

|This will open ''' perlArray dot pl''' file in '''gedit'''.

|-

|-

|Type the code as shown on the screen  

|Type the code as shown on the screen  

   

   

|-

|-

| Here, we have declared an '''Array''' of length 3.  

| Here, we have declared an '''Array''' of length 3.  

|-

|-

| '''push function''' will insert an element at the last position of this '''Array''' i.e after 3;  

| '''push function''' will insert an element at the last position of this '''Array''' i.e after 3;  

   

   

|-

|-

|whereas, ''' pop function''' will remove an element from the last position of the '''Array'''.  

|whereas, ''' pop function''' will remove an element from the last position of the '''Array'''.  

   

   

|-

|-

|In our case, 4 will be removed from the '''Array'''.  

|In our case, 4 will be removed from the '''Array'''.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Press '''Ctrl + S''' to save the file.  

|Press '''Ctrl + S''' to save the file.  

   

   

|-

|-

|'''push function''' takes 2 '''arguments'''-  

|'''push function''' takes 2 '''arguments'''-  

   

   

|-

|-

|'''1st argument''' to the '''push function''', is the '''Array''' in which to add an '''element'''.  

|'''1st argument''' to the '''push function''', is the '''Array''' in which to add an '''element'''.  

|-

|-

|''' 2nd argument'''  is the '''element''' which is to be '''pushed''' into the '''Array'''.  

|''' 2nd argument'''  is the '''element''' which is to be '''pushed''' into the '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

| The syntax of ''' pop function''' is as follows -  

| The syntax of ''' pop function''' is as follows -  

|-

|-

|''' pop function''' takes only one '''argument '''

|''' pop function''' takes only one '''argument '''

   

   

|-

|-

|It is the '''Array''' from which an '''element''' needs to be removed.  

|It is the '''Array''' from which an '''element''' needs to be removed.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Note: Both these functions work at ''' last position''' of an '''Array'''.  

|Note: Both these functions work at ''' last position''' of an '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

|The '''element''' removed by ''' pop function''' can be collected into another '''variable'''.

|The '''element''' removed by ''' pop function''' can be collected into another '''variable'''.

|-

|-

|The syntax for this is '''  $variable space = space pop open bracket @myArray close bracket '''

|The syntax for this is '''  $variable space = space pop open bracket @myArray close bracket '''

|-

|-

|Now switch to the terminal and execute the '''Perl script'''.  

|Now switch to the terminal and execute the '''Perl script'''.  

|-

|-

|Type '''perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter.'''

|Type '''perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter.'''

   

   

|-

|-

| The output is as shown on the terminal.

| The output is as shown on the terminal.

   

   

|-

|-

| Now, let us see how to add/remove an '''element''' from the ''' 1st position''' of an ''' Array'''.

| Now, let us see how to add/remove an '''element''' from the ''' 1st position''' of an ''' Array'''.

   

   

|-

|-

|This can be achieved using-  

|This can be achieved using-  

   

   

|-

|-

|''' unshift function''' - which adds an '''element''' to an '''Array''' at the 1st position  

|''' unshift function''' - which adds an '''element''' to an '''Array''' at the 1st position  

   

   

|-

|-

|''' shift function''' - which removes the first '''element''' from an '''Array'''.  

|''' shift function''' - which removes the first '''element''' from an '''Array'''.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Let us understand this using a sample program.  

|Let us understand this using a sample program.  

   

   

|-

|-

|I will open ''' perlArray dot pl''' file which I have already created.  

|I will open ''' perlArray dot pl''' file which I have already created.  

   

   

|-

|-

| Type the following piece of code as shown on the screen.  

| Type the following piece of code as shown on the screen.  

   

   

|-

|-

|  ''' unshift''' function will insert an '''element''' at the first position i.e before 1  

|  ''' unshift''' function will insert an '''element''' at the first position i.e before 1  

   

   

|-

|-

| '''shift'''  function will remove an ''' element''' from the first position.  

| '''shift'''  function will remove an ''' element''' from the first position.  

   

   

|-

|-

| In our case, ''' zero''' will be removed.  

| In our case, ''' zero''' will be removed.  

|-

|-

| Press '''Ctrl + S''' to save the file.  

| Press '''Ctrl + S''' to save the file.  

|-

|-

|The ''' unshift function''' takes 2  '''arguments '''-  

|The ''' unshift function''' takes 2  '''arguments '''-  

   

   

|-

|-

|'''1st argument''' is the '''Array''' in which to add an '''element'''  

|'''1st argument''' is the '''Array''' in which to add an '''element'''  

|-

|-

|''' 2nd argument''' is the '''element''' to be added into the '''Array '''

|''' 2nd argument''' is the '''element''' to be added into the '''Array '''

|-

|-

|''' shift function''' takes only one '''argument''' -  

|''' shift function''' takes only one '''argument''' -  

|-

|-

|This is the '''Array''' from which the '''element ''' needs to be removed.  

|This is the '''Array''' from which the '''element ''' needs to be removed.  

   

   

|-

|-

| ''' Note:''' Both these functions works at '''first position''' of an '''Array'''.  

| ''' Note:''' Both these functions works at '''first position''' of an '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

| We can collect the '''element''' removed by '''shift function''' into some variable.  

| We can collect the '''element''' removed by '''shift function''' into some variable.  

   

   

|-

|-

|This syntax for this is  ''' - $variable space =  space shift open bracket @myArray close bracket '''

|This syntax for this is  ''' - $variable space =  space shift open bracket @myArray close bracket '''

   

   

|-

|-

|Then switch to the terminal and execute the ''' Perl script'''.  

|Then switch to the terminal and execute the ''' Perl script'''.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Type ''' perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter'''.

|Type ''' perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter'''.

   

   

|-

|-

|The output displayed on the terminal is as highlighted.  

|The output displayed on the terminal is as highlighted.  

   

   

|-

|-

|Now, let us see how to remove an ''' element''' from a specified position of an '''Array.'''  

|Now, let us see how to remove an ''' element''' from a specified position of an '''Array.'''  

|-

|-

|''' splice function''' removes an ''' element''' from a specified position of an '''Array'''.  

|''' splice function''' removes an ''' element''' from a specified position of an '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

|The ''' return value''' of this '''function''' is an ''' Array''' of removed elements.  

|The ''' return value''' of this '''function''' is an ''' Array''' of removed elements.  

|-

|-

|Let us understand this using a sample program.  

|Let us understand this using a sample program.  

|-

|-

|Go to the ''' perlArray dot pl ''' file, which we created earlier.  

|Go to the ''' perlArray dot pl ''' file, which we created earlier.  

|-

|-

| Type the piece of code as shown on the screen.  

| Type the piece of code as shown on the screen.  

|-

|-

| We need to provide ''' index'''  from where we want to remove the ''' elements''' and  

| We need to provide ''' index'''  from where we want to remove the ''' elements''' and  

   

   

|-

|-

| the ''' offset''' upto which we want to remove the '''elements '''

| the ''' offset''' upto which we want to remove the '''elements '''

   

   

|-

|-

| In our case, the '''elements''' 5 and 6 will be removed.  

| In our case, the '''elements''' 5 and 6 will be removed.  

|-

|-

| Then switch to the ''' terminal'''  and execute the ''' Perl script''' by typing -  

| Then switch to the ''' terminal'''  and execute the ''' Perl script''' by typing -  

|-

|-

| ''' perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter.'''

| ''' perl perlArray dot pl''' and press '''Enter.'''

|-

|-

|The output is as shown on the terminal

|The output is as shown on the terminal

   

   

|-

|-

| Now let us look at few other ''' inbuilt functions'''  of '''Arrays.'''

| Now let us look at few other ''' inbuilt functions'''  of '''Arrays.'''

   

   

|-

|-

|  ''' split function''' is used to divide a '''string''' at a specified '''delimiter. '''

|  ''' split function''' is used to divide a '''string''' at a specified '''delimiter. '''

|-

|-

|The return value of this ''' function''' is an '''Array'''.  

|The return value of this ''' function''' is an '''Array'''.  

|-

|-

|The ''' elements''' of this '''Array''' are the divided portions of the '''string.'''  

|The ''' elements''' of this '''Array''' are the divided portions of the '''string.'''  

|-

|-

| ''' join function''' joins the '''elements''' of an '''Array''' , using the specified '''delimiter. '''

| ''' join function''' joins the '''elements''' of an '''Array''' , using the specified '''delimiter. '''

|-

|-

|It returns a string of joined '''elements.'''  

|It returns a string of joined '''elements.'''  

|-

|-

| ''' sort function''' sorts an '''Array''' in alphabetical/numerical order.  

| ''' sort function''' sorts an '''Array''' in alphabetical/numerical order.  

|-

|-

| ''' qw function ''' returns an '''Array''' of words, separated by a '''white space'''.

| ''' qw function ''' returns an '''Array''' of words, separated by a '''white space'''.

|-

|-

| Now let us understand all these ''' functions''' using a sample program.  

| Now let us understand all these ''' functions''' using a sample program.  

|-

|-

|Switch to ''' terminal''' and type  

|Switch to ''' terminal''' and type  

|-

|-

| ''' gedit arrayFunctions dot pl space ampersand and Press Enter'''

| ''' gedit arrayFunctions dot pl space ampersand and Press Enter'''

   

   

|-

|-

|Type the following piece of code as shown on screen.

|Type the following piece of code as shown on screen.

   

   

|-

|-

|In this case, each word of the ''' variable string''' will become an ''' element''' of an '''Array'''

|In this case, each word of the ''' variable string''' will become an ''' element''' of an '''Array'''

 

 

|-

|-

| Here, each '''element''' of '''newArray''' will be joined by '''comma'''.

| Here, each '''element''' of '''newArray''' will be joined by '''comma'''.

|-

|-

|''' sort function''' will sort the '''elements''' of  an '''Array''' in alphabetical order.  

|''' sort function''' will sort the '''elements''' of  an '''Array''' in alphabetical order.  

|-

|-

| '''qw function''' creates an '''Array''' of words separated by space.

| '''qw function''' creates an '''Array''' of words separated by space.

|-

|-

| Let us understand each '''function.'''

| Let us understand each '''function.'''

   

   

|-

|-

|'''split function''' takes two '''arguments'''.

|'''split function''' takes two '''arguments'''.

|-

|-

|''' 1st argument'''  is the ''' delimiter''' by which the ''' string''' needs to be split  

|''' 1st argument'''  is the ''' delimiter''' by which the ''' string''' needs to be split  

|-

|-

|''' 2nd''' is the '''string''' which needs to be split.  

|''' 2nd''' is the '''string''' which needs to be split.  

|-

|-

|'''Delimiters''' can be specified in ''' forward slash, single or double quotes. '''

|'''Delimiters''' can be specified in ''' forward slash, single or double quotes. '''

|-

|-

|''' join function''' takes 2 '''arguments'''.

|''' join function''' takes 2 '''arguments'''.

|-

|-

|1st is the '''delimiter''' by which the '''Array elements''' needs to be joined.   

|1st is the '''delimiter''' by which the '''Array elements''' needs to be joined.   

|-

|-

|2nd is the '''Array.'''  

|2nd is the '''Array.'''  

|-

|-

|'''Delimiters'''  can be specified in '''single or double quotes. '''

|'''Delimiters'''  can be specified in '''single or double quotes. '''

|-

|-

| ''' sort function''' takes a single '''argument''' , which is the '''Array''' that needs to be sorted.  

| ''' sort function''' takes a single '''argument''' , which is the '''Array''' that needs to be sorted.  

|-

|-

|''' qw function''' returns an ''' Array''' of words, separated by ''' space.'''

|''' qw function''' returns an ''' Array''' of words, separated by ''' space.'''

|-

|-

|It is not necessary to specify the word in ''' quotes''' , if written using '''qw. '''

|It is not necessary to specify the word in ''' quotes''' , if written using '''qw. '''

|-

|-

|Then switch to the terminal and execute the ''' Perl script''' by typing -  

|Then switch to the terminal and execute the ''' Perl script''' by typing -  

|-

|-

|''' perl arrayFunctions dot pl'''

|''' perl arrayFunctions dot pl'''

|-

|-

|and press '''Enter.'''

|and press '''Enter.'''

|-

|-

|The following output is displayed on the screen.

|The following output is displayed on the screen.

|-

|-

|Let us summarize.  

|Let us summarize.  

|-

|-

|In this tutorial, we have learnt to -  

|In this tutorial, we have learnt to -  

|-

|-

|add/remove ''' elements'''  from an '''Array '''

|add/remove ''' elements'''  from an '''Array '''

|-

|-

|basic functions which can be performed on '''Array'''  using sample programs  

|basic functions which can be performed on '''Array'''  using sample programs  

|-

|-

|Here is assignment for you -   

|Here is assignment for you -   

|-

|-

|'script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php/Perl'   

|'script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php/Perl'   

|-

|-

|split the above ''' string at '/ ' ''' (forward slash)  '''delimiter '''

|split the above ''' string at '/ ' ''' (forward slash)  '''delimiter '''

|-

|-

|Add ''' https:// '''  at the start of an newly created '''Array'''   

|Add ''' https:// '''  at the start of an newly created '''Array'''   

|-

|-

|Remove ''' element “Perl” ''' from the '''Array '''

|Remove ''' element “Perl” ''' from the '''Array '''

|-

|-

|Declare number '''Array ''' and sort it  

|Declare number '''Array ''' and sort it  

|-

|-

|Watch the video available at the following link

|Watch the video available at the following link

   

   

|-

|-

|It summaries the Spoken Tutorial project

|It summaries the Spoken Tutorial project

   

   

|-

|-

|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

   

   

|-

|-

|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

   

   

|-

|-

|Gives certificates to those who pass an online  test

|Gives certificates to those who pass an online  test

   

   

|-

|-

|For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org

|For more details, please write to contact at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org

   

   

|-

|-

|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a  Teacher project

|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a  Teacher project

   

   

|-

|-

|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.

|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.

   

   

|-

|-

|More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro

|More information on this Mission is available at spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen Intro

   

   

|-

|-

|  Hope you enjoyed this Perl tutorial.  

|  Hope you enjoyed this Perl tutorial.  

   

   

|-

|-

|This is Amol signing off.

|This is Amol signing off.

   

   

|-

|-

|Thanks for joining.

|Thanks for joining.

   

   

|}

|}