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You should know Basics of linux terminal.
 
You should know Basics of linux terminal.

Revision as of 18:21, 13 December 2013

Title of script: sed - The stream editor

Author: Sachin Patil

Keywords: sed, substitute, insert, delete


Visual Cue Narration
Display slide 1


Welcome to this spoken tutorial on some more on sed.
Display slide 2

Learning objectives

In this tutorial we tutorial we will learn some more sed commands.
Display slide 3

System Requirement


To record this tutorial, I am using

Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and

GNU BASH version 4.2.24(1)

Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.

Display slide 4

Prerequisites


As prerequisites

You should know Basics of linux terminal.

You should be aware of sed tool.

For relevant tutorials please visit our website:

http://spoken-tutorial.org

The major use of sed is substitution.

ie replacing some pattern in the input with something else.

Type

cat seddemo.txt


[enter]


[ Point to the fourth and sixth line ]

Lets first look at the original file seddemo.txt



Type


sed 's/[kK]umar/Roy/' seddemo.txt


[enter]

Notice the word Kumar occurs two times in the fourth and once in the sixth line.


If you want to replace all occurrences of the ‘kumar’ with ‘Roy’

Type

sed space 's/[kK]umar/Roy/' space seddemo.txt

Press Enter

Show the output


Show the file


cat seddemo.txt


[point to 4th line of both output and file]

Notice the fourth line.

Only the first occurrence of kumar is changed to Roy, not the second one.

Sixth line had one occurrence of the word kumar and this is replaced now.

So, we see only the first entry of the lines has been changed.

This is because, by default, the first matched entry of any line is substituted.

To substitute all the matched entries we need to use the flag g

Type


sed 's/[kK]umar/Roy/g' seddemo.txt


[enter]

Type

sed space 's/[kK]umar/Roy/g' space seddemo.txt

And press Enter

Now, both entries of the fourth line are replaced.

We can make multiple substitutions in one go as well.

Say we want to replace the words electronics with the word electrical

And civil with metallurgy in the file seddemo.txt

Type


sed -e 's/electronics/electrical/g’

-e ‘s/civil/metallurgy/g' seddemo.txt


[enter]


Type:

sed space -e ‘s/electronics/electrical/g’ -e ‘s/civil/metallurgy/g’ space seddemo.txt

And press Enter.

Type


sed '/Anirban/s/computers/mathematics/' seddemo.txt


[enter]

Now we want to change the stream of Anirban from computers to mathematics.


In such case we would need to type:

sed space '/Anirban/s/computers/mathematics/g' space seddemo.txt

Press Enter.

[highlight text inside single quotes]


[highlight ‘Anirban’]


[highlight ‘s’]


[highlight ‘computers’]


[highlight ‘mathematics’]

Let us understand what this is.

First we write sed then in single quotes we write the pattern to be matched.


This is Anirban, now after the slash comes the operation.

This is s that stands for substitution as we have already seen.

Then we mention the pattern to be replaced which is computers

Then the new word that would be substituted which is mathematics.

We can also use sed to add , or delete lines in the file.

Say we want to select those lines which do not have stream as electronics.

Type


sed '/electronics/d' seddemo.txt > nonelectronics.txt


[enter]


For that we have the d flag.


We would type:

sed space (in single quotes) (front slash) /electronics/d space seddemo.txt space greater than sign space nonelectronics.txt

Press Enter

cat nonelectronics.txt


[enter]

To see the contents type:

cat space nonelectronics.txt

and press enter.

Type


sed '1i Student Information' seddemo.txt


[enter]

Say at the start of the file we want to add a line Student Information.

For that we have the i action.

We need to type:

sed space in single quotes 1i space Student Information' seddemo.txt

And press Enter.

Infact we can enter multiple lines like this.

Say we want to add the two lines we would do it in a similar way.

Along with student information we also want to add academics in the next year.

Type


sed '1i Student Information\n2011' seddemo.txt


[enter]

So in that case we would write


sed space in single quotes 1i space Student Information\n2011' seddemo.txt

Press Enter

Notice \n between the string ‘Information’ and ‘2011’.

\n prints 2011 in the next line after ‘Student Information’

This brings me to the end of this tutorial.
Summary Let us summarize,

In this tutorial we learnt,

Substitution

Replacement

Insertion

Assignment As an assignment,

Take the same text file seddemo.txt

And try to replace or substitute name Ankit with Ashish

Display Slide 8

Acknowledgement Slide


Watch the video available at the link shown below

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

Display Slide 9

Spoken Tutorial Workshops


The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

Display Slide 10

Acknowledgement


Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

No Last Slide for tutorials created at IITB

Display the previous slide only and narrate this line.

The script has been contributed by Sachin Patil.

This is Ashwini PAtil from IIT bombay sighning off.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Ashwini, Nancyvarkey