Linux/C2/Basic-Commands/Nepali
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 0:00 | Kof/f ;fyLx? , lnGs;\ ck/]l6Ë l;:6dsf] :kf]sg l6p6f]l/ondf :jfut 5 . |
| 0:05 | o; l6p6]l/ondf xfdL lnGs;\sf s]xL cfwf/e"t sdfG8x? k9\g]5f} . |
| 0:10 | d pa'g6' =)$ k|of]u u5'{ . |
| 0:12 | tkfO{nfO{ lnGs;\ ck/]l6Ë l;:6d s;/L z'? ug]{ eGg] hfgsf/L 5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . |
| 0:17 | tkfO{nfO{ OR5f 5 eg], http://spoken-tutorial.org df /x]sf] csf]{ :kf]sg l6p6f]l/on x]g{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
spoken-tutorial.org. |
| 0:26 | o; l6p6f]l/ondf xfdL sdfG8x? s] x'g\ / sdfG8 O{G6/k|]6/ s] xf] x]g]{ 5f} . |
| 0:33 | To;kl5 xfdL lnGs;\df man sdfG8 k|of]u ul/ s;/L d2t vf]Hg] elg l;S5f} . |
| 0:39 | ca klxnf] k|Zg xf] "sdfG8x? eg]]sf s] x'g\ ?". |
| 0:43 | ;/n tl/sfn] xfdL eGg ;S5f} ls lnGs;\ sdfG8x? To:tf zAbx? x'g\ h;sf] k|of]u ubf{ s]xL sfd x'g] ub{5 . |
| 0:52 | lnGs;\ sdfG8x? slxn]sflxdfq rf/ cIf/eGbf al9 x'g] ub{5g\ h:t} ls, who, ps cflb . |
| 0:59 | sdfG8x? ;fgf] cIf/df x'G5g\ / ltgLx? s]z ;]G;]l6e x'G5g\ . |
| 1:05 | PlKns];g d]g'df hfg'xf];\ . |
| 1:08 | P;];f]l/hnfO{ /f]Hg'xf];\ / lbOPsf s'/f dWo] 6{ldgndf lSns ug'{xf];\ . |
| 1:14 | cyjf 6ld{gn ljG8f] vf]Ngsf nflu lsaf]{8df ctrl alt t lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 1:20 | ca xfdL k|Dk6($)/ 5]pdf Pp6f s{;/ aln/x]sf] b]Vg ;S5f} . olx 7fp+df xfdLn] sdfG8 n]Vg'''" kg]{ x'G5 . |
| 1:29 | who eg]/ 6fO{k u/]/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 1:34 | ca xfdL sDk"6/ k|of]u ul//x]sfx?sf] gfd b]Vg ;S5f} . xfdLn] ev{/} Pp6f sdfG8 who nfO{ k|of]u u/\of}+ h;af6 l;:6ddf s'g k|of]ustf{x? 5g'\ elg x]g{ ;lsG5 . |
| 1:47 | t/ s'g s/fn] ubf{ oL yf]/} cIf/n] ag]sf sdfG8x?nfO{ lgwf{l/t sfd ug{ ;Sg] agfp5
|
| 1:54 | of] sfd sdfG8 OG6/k|]6/sf] xf] h;nfO{ shell klg elgG5 . |
| 1:59 | shell nfO{ Pp6f o:tf] k|f]u|d sf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug{ ;lsGh h;n] k|of]ustf{ / lnGs;\ l;:6dnfO{ hf]8\5, |
| 2:08 | h;n] ubf{ xfdLn] sdfG8x? lbP/ ck/]l6Ë l;:6dnfO{ sfdug{ nufp5 . |
| 2:13 | lnfS;\df ;lhn};+u w]/} shells /fVg ;lsG5 , h;n] ubf{ 5'6\f5'6} k|of]ustf{n] cfkm"n] rfx]sf] cg';f/ 5fGg ;S5g\ . |
| 2:22 | lngS;\df O{:6]G8/ shell nfO{ hlxn] /bin/sh eg]/ /flvG5 h;nfO{ bash elgG5 , hf] =GNU sf] Pp6f 6'n = GNU Bourne-Again SHell xf] . |
| 2:35 | o; l6p6f]l/ondf ;d]l6Psf sdfG8x? Ps} vfnsf 5g\ / yf]/} kl/jt{g ul/ w]/} h;f] lngS;\ ;]nx?df rnfpg ;lsG5 . |
| 2:44 | h]ePtfklg o; l6p6f]l/ondf b]vfpgsf nflu shell ?kdf bash nfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . |
| 2:51 | of] lsg eg UNIX sf] ;a}eGbf rlr{t shell bash xf] / of] nueu ;a} UNIX df ;lhn} ldNb 5 . |
| 2:58 | c? ;]nx?df Bourne shell ;dfj]d x'G5 h'g= jf:tljs Unix shell, C Shell / Korn shell xf] . |
| 3:08 | xfdLn] s'g shell k|of]u ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] x]g{ |
| 3:11 | 6ld{gndf hg'xf];\ / sdfG8 echo space dollar Soflk6ndf SHELL 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 3:27 | ;fwf/0fto glthf /bin/bash x'G5 h;n] bash shell nfO{ b]vfp5 . |
| 3:34 | xfdLn] ljleGg ;]nx?nfO{ z'? ug{ ;Sg] tl/sfx? x'G5g\ . ltgLx? kl5sf l6p6f]l/ondf ;df]l6g] 5g\ . |
| 3:42 | sdfG8x? To;tf kmfOnx? x'g\ h;df k|f]u|fdx? x'G5g\, / w]/} h;f] C df n]lvPsf] x'G5 . |
| 3:47 | oL kmfOnx? l8/]S6/Ldf /x]sf x'G5g\ . sdfG8 /fv]sf] 7fp ktf nufpg xfdL type sdfG8 k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} . |
| 3:55 | sdfG8 k|Dk6df Type--space-- ps 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ .
' |
| 4:03 | o;n] s] b]vfp5 eg] ps jf:tjdf /bin 8fO/]S6/Ldf /flvPsf] kmfOn xf] . |
| 4:09 | ha xfdLn] sdfG8 k|Dk6df s'g} sdfG8 lbG5f}, shell n] l8/]S6/Lhsf] ln:6af6 sdfG8 ;+u ldNg] kmfOn vf]Hg yfN5 . |
| 4:18 | vf]Hbf olb kmfOn e]6\of] eg] ;f] ;+u ;DalGwt k|f]u|d PUhLSo'6 x'G5 , geP “sdfG8 g6 kmfpG8“ eg]/ ulNt b]vfp5 . |
| 4:27 | = PATH e]l/Pann] vf]lhPsf l8/]S6/Lx?sf] ;'lr tf]lslG5 , h'g xfdLn] kl5 b]Vg] 5f}“ . |
| 4:34 | xfdLn] ;f] ;'lr x]g{sf nflu sdfG8 echo :k]; 8n/ PATH 6fOk ug'{xf];\ |
| 4:44 | 7"nf] cIf/df / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 4:52 | sdfG8x?sf] af/]sf s'/f ubf{, xfdLn] ofb ug'{kg]{ Pp6f dxTjk'0f{ s'/f 5 . |
| 4:57 | lngS;\ sdfG8x? b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ : PS;6{gn sdfG8x? / OG6/{gn sdfG8x? . |
| 5:02 | PS;6{gn sdfG8x? To;tf x'g\ hf] 5'6} files/programs sf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . |
| 5:07 | k|fo lngS;sf sdfG8x? oxL k|s[tLsf x'G5g\ . s]xL o:tf sdfG8x?klg 5g\ h;n] eg] cg';f/ sfd t ub{5g\ t/ shell leq 5'6} kmfOndf /lvPsf] eg] x'b}g . |
| 5:18 | logLx? OG6{gn sdfG8x? x'g\ . |
| 5:20 | xfdLn]] kl5 x]g]{ echo sdfG8 jf:tjdf Pp6f OG6{gn sdfG8 xf] . |
| 5:25 | 6ld{gndf hfg'xf];\ / sdfG8df 6fOk ug'{xf];\ |
| 5:33 | type :k]; echo / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 5:40 | =b]vfpbf echo nfO[{shell a'n]l6gsf] ?kdf b]vfp5 . |
| 5:43 | To;}n] Pp6f kmfOn g]d b]vfpgsf ;f6f] echo sdfG8sf] OlGkd]G6];g ;]nsf] lelq x'G5 elg b]vfp5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ OG6[{gn sdfG8 elgG5 . |
| 5:56 | hfGgkg]{ csf]{ cfjZos s'/f :6\Sr/ ckm sdfG8 xf] . |
| 6:01 | sdfG8x? Ps zAbsf jf jfO[{6 :k];n] 5'6\\\\6fO{Psf w]/} zAb ldn']/ ag]sf x'G5g\ . |
| 6:08 | ]{bf];|f] a]nfdf , klxn'f] zAb sdfG8sf] jf:tljs gfd x'G5 eg] c? zAbx? cfu'{d]G6\; x'G5g\ . |
| 6:16 | cfu'[{d]G6\;x? cK;g jf PS;k|;gx? jf kmfOn g]dx? x'g ;S5g\ . |
| 6:20 | Pp6f sdfG8n] lbOPsf] cK;gsf] cfwf/df ljleGg yl/sf sfdx? ug{ ;S5g\ . |
| 6:26 | logLx?sf] cufl8 Pp6f jf b'O{j6f dfOg; ;fOg (-) x'g h;nfO{ qmdz ;6{ / n+u+ cK;g elgG5 . |
| 6:35 | 6ld{gndf ljG8fdf hfg'xf];\ / sdfG8x? 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / To;sf] kl/0ffd x]g'{xf];\ . |
| 6:40 | 6ld{gn ljG8f] ;kmf ug{sf nflu clear 6fOk ug'{xf];\ . |
| 6:44 | To; kl5 ls 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 6:49 | km]/L clear 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ |
| 6:55 | ls :k]; dfOg; a 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ |
| 7:04 | 6ld{gn ljG8f] ;kmf ug{ clear 6fOk ug'{xf];\ . |
| 7:11 | ca ls :k]; dfOg; dfOg; all 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 7:19 | km]/L 6ld{gn ;kmf ug{ clear 6fOk ug'{xf];\ . |
| 7:23 | ls :k]; dfOg; d 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ |
| 7:32 | oxf+ cfP/ of] k|i6 x'G5 ls s;/L sdfG8sf] :jefj cK;g kl/jt{g ug{n] kl/jlt{t x'G5 . |
| 7:40 | lngS;\df w]/} ;+Vofdf sdfG8x? x'G5g\ |
| 7:45 | x/]s sdfG8sf] 5'6\6f5'6} cK;gx?klg x'G5g\ . |
| 7:48 | sdfG8x?nfO{ xfdLn] ;u} hf]8\gklg ;S5f}, h'g xfdLn] kl5 b]Vg]5f}“ . lo ;a} s'/fx?nfO{ xfdLn] s;/L lbdfudf /fVg] t? |
| 7:55 | jf:tjdf tkfO{n] of] ug{ kb}{g . of] lsg eGbf lngS;df pTs[i6 cgnfOg dbt ug]{ ;'ljwf pknAb x'G5 . |
| 8:01 | man sdfG8n] lngS;\ l;:6ddf /x]sf] ;a} cGo sdfG8x?nfO{ ;d]6]/ /fv]sf] x'G5 . |
| 8:08 | h:t} ls sdfG8sf] af/]df yfxf kfpgsfnflu 6ld}{gndf hfg'xf];\ |
| 8:16 | / man sdfG8nfO{ ls cfu'{d]G6 /fvL 6fOk ug'{xf];, Tof] eg]sf] man :k]; ls / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\\ . |
| 8:30 | aflx/ cfpgsf nflu q lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 8:35 | man eg]sf] l;:6dsf] Dog'jn k]h/ xf]. man nfO{ lbO{Psf] x/]s argument ;fwf/0ft k|f]u|fd, o'l6lnl6 jf kmª\+;gsf] gfd x'G5g\ . |
| 8:43 | oL cfu'{d]G6x? ;+u ;DalGwt ;a} Dofg'jn k]h vf]h]/ b]vfO lbG5 . |
| 8:49 | olb ;]S;g lbOPsf] v08df man =n] ;f] 7fpdf dfq vf]Hg] ub{5 . |
| 8:55 | o;n] klxnf ;a} ;]S;gx?df k'j{lgb]{lzt tl/sfn] vf]Hb5 . b]vfpbf eg] o;n] klxnf] e]l6Psf] k]hnfO{ b]vfp5 . |
| 9:07 | man sdfG8 k|of]u u/]/ sdfG8 man sf] af/]df g} hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . |
| 9:14 | 6ld{gndf hfg'xf];\ / man space man 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 9:23 | aflx/ cfpgsf nflu q lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 9:26 | man sdfG8df w]/} ljsNk x'G5g\ . |
| 9:30 | oxf+ d w]/} sfd nfUg] s'/fx? eG5' . slxn]sfxL xfdLnfO{ s] ug]{ eg]/ yfxf x'G5 t/ sdfG8 yfxf x'b}g . o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL s] ug{ ;S5f} . |
| 9:41 | man df -k eg]/ yk]df o;n] Pp6f lsj8{ lnG5 / sdfG8x?sf] Pp6f ;"lr / ltgLx?sf] sfd 5f]6s/Ldf b]vfp5 . |
| 9:50 | h:t} xfdLnfO{ Pp6f gof+ l8/]S6/L agfpgsf nflu PShofS6 sdfG8 yfxf gx'g ;S5 |
| 9:56 | To;}n] xfdL sdfG8 k|f]Dk6df uP/ man :k]; dfOg; k :k]; directories 6fOk u/]/ OG6/ lyRg;S5f} . |
| 10:12 | ca xfdL b]vfOPsf ;a} sdfG8x?dWo] cfkm'nfO{ rflxg] hfgsf/L lng ;S5f} . |
| 10:17 | PKk|f]h sdfG8 k|of]u u/]/ klg of] sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . |
| 10:21 | sdfG8 k|f]Dk6df apropos :k]; directories 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / glthf x]g{ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 10:36 | slxn]sfxL xfdLnfO{ w]/} yfxf ug'{ kb}{g . sdfG8n] s] u5{ eg]/ dfq yfxf kfP k'U5 . |
| 10:40 | o:tf] a]nfdf xfdLn] what is sdfG8 jf man -f k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} . b'j}n] sdfG8n] s] u5{ eg]/ Ps nfOgsf] 5f]6f] JofVof lbG5 . |
| 10:52 | 6ld{gndf hfg'xf];\ / 6ld{gn ljG8f]df clear 6fOk ug'{xf];\ . |
| 10:58 | ca whatis :k]; ls 6fOk ug'{xf];\ / OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 11:06 | s]xL sdfG8x?df w]/} ljsNk x'G5g\ . xfdLnfO{ lt ljsNkx?sf] ;'lr x]g{ dgnfUg ;S5 h'g sdfG8df x'G5 . |
| 11:13 | o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL dfOg; k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} . |
| 11:18 | sdfG8 k|f\Dk6df hfg'xf];\ / ls :k]; dfOg; dfOg; help 6fOk ul/ OG6/ lyRg'xf];\ . |
| 11:29 | tkfO{x?n] ;a} ljsNkx? x]g{ ;sf];\ eg]/ d dfly :sf]{n ub}{5' . |
| 11:45 | g]zgn ld;g cg Ph's];g y'| cfOl;l6 4f/f ;xof]u ul/Psf] lngS; :kf]sg l6p6f]l/on, 6s 6" P l6r/ k|f]h]S6sf] of]] efu olx ;lsG5 . |
| 11:56 | o; ljifodf yk hfgsf/Lsf lbO{Psf] lnGsdf uP/ kfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . |
| 12:00 | of] l:qmK6 lbk]z hf]zL 4f/f of]ubfg ul/Psf] xf] / ======================= 4f/f ===================== 7fp+df l/s8{ ul/Psf] xf] .
wGojfb . |
