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|'''Time'''
 
|'''Time'''
 
|'''Narration'''
 
|'''Narration'''
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:00
+
|00:00
| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Report Writing''' using '''LaTeX'''.  
+
|Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Report Writing''' using '''LaTeX'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:06
+
|00:06
| Notice three windows in the screen: '''source file''' is in the '''editor'''. I am using Emacs editor.  
+
|Notice three windows in the screen: '''source file''' is in the '''editor'''. I am using Emacs editor.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:14
+
|00:14
| In the '''terminal''', I compile the source file and create a pdf file. I view this pdf file in the '''pdf reader'''.
+
|In the '''terminal''', I compile the source file and create a pdf file. I view this pdf file in the '''pdf reader'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:23
+
|00:23
| I am using a pdf reader called “skim” on Mac OS X. This '''reader''' loads the latest version of the pdf file.  
+
|I am using a pdf reader called “skim” on Mac OS X. This '''reader''' loads the latest version of the pdf file.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:33
+
|00:33
| When you create your documents using Latex, you need not arrange these windows in such a non-overlapping fashion.  
+
|When you create your documents using Latex, you need not arrange these windows in such a non-overlapping fashion.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:41
+
|00:41
| You may also use a different '''editor''' and a different pdf reader.
+
|You may also use a different '''editor''' and a different pdf reader.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|00:48  
 
|00:48  
| The procedure to use latex is identical in all Unix systems including Linux.  
+
|The procedure to use latex is identical in all Unix systems including Linux.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 00:53
+
|00:53
| It could be a little bit different on Windows. Nevertheless, the '''source file''' is identical in all operating systems.  
+
|It could be a little bit different on Windows. Nevertheless, the '''source file''' is identical in all operating systems.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:01
+
|01:01
| As a result, your working LaTeX source file on windows, for example, will work without any change on Unix systems as well.
+
|As a result, your working LaTeX source file on windows, for example, will work without any change on Unix systems as well.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:11
+
|01:11
| The first spoken tutorial in this series is on compiling. Which gives a brief introduction to Latex.  
+
|The first spoken tutorial in this series is on compiling. Which gives a brief introduction to Latex.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:19
+
|01:19
 
|You may want to go through it in case you have not done that already.  
 
|You may want to go through it in case you have not done that already.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:23
+
|01:23
| I am using '''12pt''' as the text size and '''article class'''.  
+
|I am using '''12pt''' as the text size and '''article class'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:30  
 
|01:30  
 
|I have defined titles of section, sub-section and sub-sub -section.  
 
|I have defined titles of section, sub-section and sub-sub -section.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:36
+
|01:36
| The '''argument''' of each of these appears in the output at appropriate places.  
+
|The '''argument''' of each of these appears in the output at appropriate places.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:44
+
|01:44
 
|Observe the distinctive feature of these section titles.
 
|Observe the distinctive feature of these section titles.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:49
+
|01:49
| Irrespective of blank lines in the source file, the output remains the same.  
+
|Irrespective of blank lines in the source file, the output remains the same.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 01:55
+
|01:55
 
|Let me add some blank lines here.
 
|Let me add some blank lines here.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:00
+
|02:00
 
|Save. Compile. No difference.  
 
|Save. Compile. No difference.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:08
+
|02:08
 
|Put the source file back to the original state. Compile.  
 
|Put the source file back to the original state. Compile.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:20
+
|02:20
| The sizes of the titles are created proportionately and automatically. For example, the section title is the largest and the sub-sub-section title is the smallest.  
+
|The sizes of the titles are created proportionately and automatically. For example, the section title is the largest and the sub-sub-section title is the smallest.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:32
+
|02:32
| These features remain the same even if I change the font size.  
+
|These features remain the same even if I change the font size.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:36
+
|02:36
 
|Let’s change it to '''11pt'''. '''Save'''. Compile.  
 
|Let’s change it to '''11pt'''. '''Save'''. Compile.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 02:46
+
|02:46
| Although the overall size decreases, the above mentioned qualities of the titles do not change.
+
|Although the overall size decreases, the above mentioned qualities of the titles do not change.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:52  
 
|02:52  
| Let me change the font back to '''12pt'''.  
+
|Let me change the font back to '''12pt'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 03:03
+
|03:03
| A more important feature of the titles is the automatic generation of section numbers. For example, if I insert another section here,  
+
|A more important feature of the titles is the automatic generation of section numbers. For example, if I insert another section here,  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:25
 
| 03:25
 
|'''save'''. Compile.
 
|'''save'''. Compile.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 03:30
+
|03:30
| I will create a new section in the output called ‘Inserted section’. It appears here with appropriate number.  
+
|I will create a new section in the output called ‘Inserted section’. It appears here with appropriate number.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 03:39
+
|03:39
| In summary, the spacing, size, and distinctiveness, that is, the titles appear in bold etc. are automatically taken care of by Latex.  
+
|In summary, the spacing, size, and distinctiveness, that is, the titles appear in bold etc. are automatically taken care of by Latex.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 03:50
+
|03:50
| I will now explain how to create '''table''' of contents. First of all, note that there is no file called 'Report.toc'.  
+
|I will now explain how to create '''table''' of contents. First of all, note that there is no file called 'Report.toc'.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 04:05
+
|04:05
| Here it says that there is ‘no such file or directory’. Observe that 'report.tec' is the source file.  
+
|Here it says that there is ‘no such file or directory’. Observe that 'report.tec' is the source file.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 04:12
+
|04:12
| Let me add this command, 'table of contents', one word, here. Save. Compile.
+
|Let me add this command, 'table of contents', one word, here. Save. Compile.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 04:31
+
|04:31
| As I compile it, the word ‘Contents’ appears in the output but nothing else.  
+
|As I compile it, the word ‘Contents’ appears in the output but nothing else.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 04:44
+
|04:44
 
|We now have a file called 'Report.toc'.  
 
|We now have a file called 'Report.toc'.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 04:54
+
|04:54
| The section titles are written into this 'toc' file. Let’s see this.  
+
|The section titles are written into this 'toc' file. Let’s see this.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|05:05  
 
|05:05  
 
|Okay, let me recompile it.  
 
|Okay, let me recompile it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:12
+
|05:12
| Okay. All the titles are now present in the  contents page along with page numbers.  
+
|Okay. All the titles are now present in the  contents page along with page numbers.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:18
+
|05:18
| Page number here is 1; it appears in the table of contents. This document has only one page.  
+
|Page number here is 1; it appears in the table of contents. This document has only one page.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:23
+
|05:23
| This two time compilation procedure is applicable also to changes in titles.  
+
|This two time compilation procedure is applicable also to changes in titles.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:33
+
|05:33
| Let us insert a new title here. Let me call it ‘Modified section’.  
+
|Let us insert a new title here. Let me call it ‘Modified section’.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:45
+
|05:45
 
|Let me compile it. You can see that it has changed here but it is yet to change in contents.  
 
|Let me compile it. You can see that it has changed here but it is yet to change in contents.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 05:54
+
|05:54
| Let me re-compile it  second time and solve this problem. We can also change the location of the table of contents.  
+
|Let me re-compile it  second time and solve this problem. We can also change the location of the table of contents.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 06:02
+
|06:02
| Let me shift it to the end of the document. Compile it.  
+
|Let me shift it to the end of the document. Compile it.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 06:18
+
|06:18
 
|Now we can see that it has come to the end of the document. Let us bring the document back by shifting this to the top.  
 
|Now we can see that it has come to the end of the document. Let us bring the document back by shifting this to the top.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 06:38
+
|06:38
| We will now create a title for this document.  
+
|We will now create a title for this document.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:44  
 
|06:44  
 
|Let me do it here, just after the '''document class'''. 'Author'.
 
|Let me do it here, just after the '''document class'''. 'Author'.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:03
+
|07:03
| I can include new lines here.  
+
|I can include new lines here.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:11  
 
|07:11  
 
|Date, today’s date. And then, ‘First created on 13th July 2007’. We compile it.
 
|Date, today’s date. And then, ‘First created on 13th July 2007’. We compile it.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:29
+
|07:29
| There are no changes. The reason is that I have not told latex what to do with this information.
+
|There are no changes. The reason is that I have not told latex what to do with this information.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:35
+
|07:35
| So, I add the ‘make title’ command here, just after the document.
+
|So, I add the ‘make title’ command here, just after the document.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:45
+
|07:45
| One word at the place where I want the title to appear  
+
|One word at the place where I want the title to appear  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:50
+
|07:50
| which is at the beginning of the document. On compiling, the title appears in the output.  
+
|which is at the beginning of the document. On compiling, the title appears in the output.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 07:58
+
|07:58
 
|We will now change the class of this document from 'article' to 'report'. So let's do that here. Let me compile it.  
 
|We will now change the class of this document from 'article' to 'report'. So let's do that here. Let me compile it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 08:14
+
|08:14
| On compiling, the title appears on a whole page. The 'Contents' starts on a new page, with page 1. This is numbered as page 1.
+
|On compiling, the title appears on a whole page. The 'Contents' starts on a new page, with page 1. This is numbered as page 1.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 08:33
+
|08:33
| In other words, the title page has no number. We also see the section title has a zero in its number.  
+
|In other words, the title page has no number. We also see the section title has a zero in its number.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
| 08:44
+
|08:44
| The report class requires chapters. As we have not defined any chapters, the default value of zero is used.  
+
|The report class requires chapters. As we have not defined any chapters, the default value of zero is used.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 08:52
+
|08:52
| The sub-sub section, no longer has a number associated with it.  
+
|The sub-sub section, no longer has a number associated with it.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:01  
 
|09:01  
 
|The contents information is not correct, they still carry the old numbers.
 
|The contents information is not correct, they still carry the old numbers.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 09:07
+
|09:07
| We solve this problem by recompilation. Now we have the new numbers.
+
|We solve this problem by recompilation. Now we have the new numbers.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:13  
 
|09:13  
| Let us start a chapter now.  
+
|Let us start a chapter now.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 09:25
+
|09:25
| ‘First chapter’ we call it. Let us compile it twice. The contents did not change but the other things are missing.  
+
|‘First chapter’ we call it. Let us compile it twice. The contents did not change but the other things are missing.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 09:40
+
|09:40
| The reason is that the 'chapter' '''command''' starts a new page.  
+
|The reason is that the 'chapter' '''command''' starts a new page.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:48
 
|09:48
 
|Let us go to the next page and confirm it.  
 
|Let us go to the next page and confirm it.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 09:52
+
|09:52
 +
|See also the explicit appearance of the word ‘chapter’ on the new page.
  
| See also the explicit appearance of the word ‘chapter’ on the new page.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:58
 
|09:58
 +
|See it here. Let me come back here.
  
| See it here. Let me come back here.
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 10:04
+
|10:04
| Let me compile it. Once more you can see that the new chapter information comes in the contents.  
+
|Let me compile it. Once more you can see that the new chapter information comes in the contents.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 10:14
+
|10:14
| If you want to add appendixes, insert the command ‘appendix’.  
+
|If you want to add appendixes, insert the command ‘appendix’.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:23
 
|10:23
 
|'Appendix' and let me start a chapter in the appendix.
 
|'Appendix' and let me start a chapter in the appendix.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 10:37
+
|10:37
| ‘First chapter in the appendix’. Let me compile it twice.
+
|‘First chapter in the appendix’. Let me compile it twice.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:47
 
|10:47
| You can see that the first chapter has come here.  
+
|You can see that the first chapter has come here.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 10:51
+
|10:51
| Let’s go and see what it looks like.
+
|Let’s go and see what it looks like.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 11:00
+
|11:00
| Appendix A has moved to a new page.  
+
|Appendix A has moved to a new page.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11:05
 
|11:05
 
|And you can see the number of pages as gone to 4.
 
|And you can see the number of pages as gone to 4.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 11:10
+
|11:10
| And you also have this word ‘appendix’ appearing here. Let us add one more chapter. Let me compile it.
+
|And you also have this word ‘appendix’ appearing here. Let us add one more chapter. Let me compile it.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 11:27
+
|11:27
| You can see the page number has become 5. It is on a new page. Let us go the beginning of this.  
+
|You can see the page number has become 5. It is on a new page. Let us go the beginning of this.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
| 11:38
+
|11:38
| If I compile it second time, the contents become correct.  
+
|If I compile it second time, the contents become correct.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 11:49
+
|11:49
| What happens if we want to change the 'report' class back to 'article'?  
+
|What happens if we want to change the 'report' class back to 'article'?  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11:53
 
|11:53
 
|We go here. Let's compile it.
 
|We go here. Let's compile it.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 12:09
+
|12:09
| On compiling, the latex complains that there is something wrong.  
+
|On compiling, the latex complains that there is something wrong.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12:19
 
|12:19
 
|Okay, there are two ways to handle when latex stops like this.  
 
|Okay, there are two ways to handle when latex stops like this.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 12:24
+
|12:24
| The first way is to exit by typing ‘X’.  
+
|The first way is to exit by typing ‘X’.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12:32
 
|12:32
 
|The pdf file will normally have all the previous pages.  In this particular case it says that there are no pages of output.  
 
|The pdf file will normally have all the previous pages.  In this particular case it says that there are no pages of output.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 12:40
+
|12:40
| One can immediately go to the source file, modify the problems and proceed.  
+
|One can immediately go to the source file, modify the problems and proceed.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12:48
 
|12:48
 
|It is easy to locate the errors if the beginner compiles frequently;  
 
|It is easy to locate the errors if the beginner compiles frequently;  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 12:56
+
|12:56
| any mistake will be caught immediately. Sometimes when latex pauses because of mistakes, I end the document then and there.  
+
|any mistake will be caught immediately. Sometimes when latex pauses because of mistakes, I end the document then and there.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 13:06
+
|13:06
| Of course, also close all the open environments and try to locate and fix the mistake.
+
|Of course, also close all the open environments and try to locate and fix the mistake.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 13:12
+
|13:12
| As latex does not worry about the material that comes after the 'end document' command, no need to change that part.  
+
|As latex does not worry about the material that comes after the 'end document' command, no need to change that part.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 13:20
+
|13:20
| Once the error is corrected, the intermediate ‘end document’ command under close environment commands can be removed.
+
|Once the error is corrected, the intermediate ‘end document’ command under close environment commands can be removed.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 13:28
+
|13:28
| When latex pauses sighting an error, we can also ask it to ignore and to proceed.  
+
|When latex pauses sighting an error, we can also ask it to ignore and to proceed.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13:44
 
|13:44
 
|This is done by pressing the '''Return''' or '''Enter''' key  
 
|This is done by pressing the '''Return''' or '''Enter''' key  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 13:48
+
|13:48
| as I did just now. Now what happens is, we have two pages.  
+
|as I did just now. Now what happens is, we have two pages.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13:59
 
|13:59
 
|Go to the first page, we have all messed up information.  
 
|Go to the first page, we have all messed up information.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 14:07
+
|14:07
| What we can do to correct this mistake is – the mistake is that it is having the chapter here.  
+
|What we can do to correct this mistake is – the mistake is that it is having the chapter here.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|14:16
 
|14:16
 
|Let us remove this.  
 
|Let us remove this.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
| 14:22
+
|14:22
| Let’s compile it. Okay, let’s do it again. Let’s compile it second time.  
+
|Let’s compile it. Okay, let’s do it again. Let’s compile it second time.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 14:33
+
|14:33
| It complains, keeps complaining but there is something called chapter and it is in the table of contents and in the appendix.  
+
|It complains, keeps complaining but there is something called chapter and it is in the table of contents and in the appendix.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 14:47
+
|14:47
| So, let us get rid of this also. Let's compile it.  
+
|So, let us get rid of this also. Let's compile it.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|14:56
 
|14:56
 
|Okay. Now it goes through without any problem and the entire document has come in one page.
 
|Okay. Now it goes through without any problem and the entire document has come in one page.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
 
|15:05
 
|15:05
| And the content information also is correct.  
+
|And the content information also is correct.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 15:15
+
|15:15
| Feel free to change the source file, for example- you may want to add new sections, new sub-sections in the main text and also in the appendix, also in the report style.  
+
|Feel free to change the source file, for example- you may want to add new sections, new sub-sections in the main text and also in the appendix, also in the report style.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 15:26
+
|15:26
| Try out the commands explained in this tutorial; until you become confident, keep trying.
+
|Try out the commands explained in this tutorial; until you become confident, keep trying.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 15:34
+
|15:34
| Ensure that your recent changes are acceptable by immediate compilation after every change.
+
|Ensure that your recent changes are acceptable by immediate compilation after every change.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|15:40
 
|15:40
| Most beginners who forget this rule, get into a lot of difficulties.  
+
|Most beginners who forget this rule, get into a lot of difficulties.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 15:45
+
|15:45
| Please note that the way the source file appears in Emacs – color, size of titles etc. are immaterial as far as the latex engine is concerned.  
+
|Please note that the way the source file appears in Emacs – color, size of titles etc. are immaterial as far as the latex engine is concerned.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 15:57
+
|15:57
| What Latex wants is that the '''source file''' be correct and not how it is created.  
+
|What Latex wants is that the '''source file''' be correct and not how it is created.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 16:04
+
|16:04
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thanks for joining. This is Kannan Moudgalya from CDEEP, IIT Bombay, signing off. Good bye.
+
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thanks for joining. This is Kannan Moudgalya from CDEEP, IIT Bombay, signing off. Good bye.

Latest revision as of 15:09, 24 March 2017

Time Narration
00:00 Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Report Writing using LaTeX.
00:06 Notice three windows in the screen: source file is in the editor. I am using Emacs editor.
00:14 In the terminal, I compile the source file and create a pdf file. I view this pdf file in the pdf reader.
00:23 I am using a pdf reader called “skim” on Mac OS X. This reader loads the latest version of the pdf file.
00:33 When you create your documents using Latex, you need not arrange these windows in such a non-overlapping fashion.
00:41 You may also use a different editor and a different pdf reader.
00:48 The procedure to use latex is identical in all Unix systems including Linux.
00:53 It could be a little bit different on Windows. Nevertheless, the source file is identical in all operating systems.
01:01 As a result, your working LaTeX source file on windows, for example, will work without any change on Unix systems as well.
01:11 The first spoken tutorial in this series is on compiling. Which gives a brief introduction to Latex.
01:19 You may want to go through it in case you have not done that already.
01:23 I am using 12pt as the text size and article class.
01:30 I have defined titles of section, sub-section and sub-sub -section.
01:36 The argument of each of these appears in the output at appropriate places.
01:44 Observe the distinctive feature of these section titles.
01:49 Irrespective of blank lines in the source file, the output remains the same.
01:55 Let me add some blank lines here.
02:00 Save. Compile. No difference.
02:08 Put the source file back to the original state. Compile.
02:20 The sizes of the titles are created proportionately and automatically. For example, the section title is the largest and the sub-sub-section title is the smallest.
02:32 These features remain the same even if I change the font size.
02:36 Let’s change it to 11pt. Save. Compile.
02:46 Although the overall size decreases, the above mentioned qualities of the titles do not change.
02:52 Let me change the font back to 12pt.
03:03 A more important feature of the titles is the automatic generation of section numbers. For example, if I insert another section here,
03:25 save. Compile.
03:30 I will create a new section in the output called ‘Inserted section’. It appears here with appropriate number.
03:39 In summary, the spacing, size, and distinctiveness, that is, the titles appear in bold etc. are automatically taken care of by Latex.
03:50 I will now explain how to create table of contents. First of all, note that there is no file called 'Report.toc'.
04:05 Here it says that there is ‘no such file or directory’. Observe that 'report.tec' is the source file.
04:12 Let me add this command, 'table of contents', one word, here. Save. Compile.
04:31 As I compile it, the word ‘Contents’ appears in the output but nothing else.
04:44 We now have a file called 'Report.toc'.
04:54 The section titles are written into this 'toc' file. Let’s see this.
05:05 Okay, let me recompile it.
05:12 Okay. All the titles are now present in the contents page along with page numbers.
05:18 Page number here is 1; it appears in the table of contents. This document has only one page.
05:23 This two time compilation procedure is applicable also to changes in titles.
05:33 Let us insert a new title here. Let me call it ‘Modified section’.
05:45 Let me compile it. You can see that it has changed here but it is yet to change in contents.
05:54 Let me re-compile it second time and solve this problem. We can also change the location of the table of contents.
06:02 Let me shift it to the end of the document. Compile it.
06:18 Now we can see that it has come to the end of the document. Let us bring the document back by shifting this to the top.
06:38 We will now create a title for this document.
06:44 Let me do it here, just after the document class. 'Author'.
07:03 I can include new lines here.
07:11 Date, today’s date. And then, ‘First created on 13th July 2007’. We compile it.
07:29 There are no changes. The reason is that I have not told latex what to do with this information.
07:35 So, I add the ‘make title’ command here, just after the document.
07:45 One word at the place where I want the title to appear
07:50 which is at the beginning of the document. On compiling, the title appears in the output.
07:58 We will now change the class of this document from 'article' to 'report'. So let's do that here. Let me compile it.
08:14 On compiling, the title appears on a whole page. The 'Contents' starts on a new page, with page 1. This is numbered as page 1.
08:33 In other words, the title page has no number. We also see the section title has a zero in its number.
08:44 The report class requires chapters. As we have not defined any chapters, the default value of zero is used.
08:52 The sub-sub section, no longer has a number associated with it.
09:01 The contents information is not correct, they still carry the old numbers.
09:07 We solve this problem by recompilation. Now we have the new numbers.
09:13 Let us start a chapter now.
09:25 ‘First chapter’ we call it. Let us compile it twice. The contents did not change but the other things are missing.
09:40 The reason is that the 'chapter' command starts a new page.
09:48 Let us go to the next page and confirm it.
09:52 See also the explicit appearance of the word ‘chapter’ on the new page.
09:58 See it here. Let me come back here.
10:04 Let me compile it. Once more you can see that the new chapter information comes in the contents.
10:14 If you want to add appendixes, insert the command ‘appendix’.
10:23 'Appendix' and let me start a chapter in the appendix.
10:37 ‘First chapter in the appendix’. Let me compile it twice.
10:47 You can see that the first chapter has come here.
10:51 Let’s go and see what it looks like.
11:00 Appendix A has moved to a new page.
11:05 And you can see the number of pages as gone to 4.
11:10 And you also have this word ‘appendix’ appearing here. Let us add one more chapter. Let me compile it.
11:27 You can see the page number has become 5. It is on a new page. Let us go the beginning of this.
11:38 If I compile it second time, the contents become correct.
11:49 What happens if we want to change the 'report' class back to 'article'?
11:53 We go here. Let's compile it.
12:09 On compiling, the latex complains that there is something wrong.
12:19 Okay, there are two ways to handle when latex stops like this.
12:24 The first way is to exit by typing ‘X’.
12:32 The pdf file will normally have all the previous pages. In this particular case it says that there are no pages of output.
12:40 One can immediately go to the source file, modify the problems and proceed.
12:48 It is easy to locate the errors if the beginner compiles frequently;
12:56 any mistake will be caught immediately. Sometimes when latex pauses because of mistakes, I end the document then and there.
13:06 Of course, also close all the open environments and try to locate and fix the mistake.
13:12 As latex does not worry about the material that comes after the 'end document' command, no need to change that part.
13:20 Once the error is corrected, the intermediate ‘end document’ command under close environment commands can be removed.
13:28 When latex pauses sighting an error, we can also ask it to ignore and to proceed.
13:44 This is done by pressing the Return or Enter key
13:48 as I did just now. Now what happens is, we have two pages.
13:59 Go to the first page, we have all messed up information.
14:07 What we can do to correct this mistake is – the mistake is that it is having the chapter here.
14:16 Let us remove this.
14:22 Let’s compile it. Okay, let’s do it again. Let’s compile it second time.
14:33 It complains, keeps complaining but there is something called chapter and it is in the table of contents and in the appendix.
14:47 So, let us get rid of this also. Let's compile it.
14:56 Okay. Now it goes through without any problem and the entire document has come in one page.
15:05 And the content information also is correct.
15:15 Feel free to change the source file, for example- you may want to add new sections, new sub-sections in the main text and also in the appendix, also in the report style.
15:26 Try out the commands explained in this tutorial; until you become confident, keep trying.
15:34 Ensure that your recent changes are acceptable by immediate compilation after every change.
15:40 Most beginners who forget this rule, get into a lot of difficulties.
15:45 Please note that the way the source file appears in Emacs – color, size of titles etc. are immaterial as far as the latex engine is concerned.
15:57 What Latex wants is that the source file be correct and not how it is created.
16:04 This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thanks for joining. This is Kannan Moudgalya from CDEEP, IIT Bombay, signing off. Good bye.

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Minal, Nancyvarkey, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14