Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C2/Grammar-of-TurtleScript/English-timed"

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(Created page with '{|border =1 !Visual Cue !Narration |- ||00.01 ||Hello everybody. |- ||00.02 ||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in '''KTurtle'''. |- ||00.08 ||In this …')
 
 
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{|border =1
 
{|border =1
−
!Visual Cue
+
|'''Time'''
−
!Narration
+
|'''Narration'''
−
|-
+
−
||00.01
+
−
||Hello everybody.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.02
+
||00:01
−
||Welcome to this tutorial on '''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in '''KTurtle'''.  
+
||Hello everybody.Welcome to this tutorial on '''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in '''KTurtle'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.08  
+
||00:08  
 
||In this tutorial, we will learn about
 
||In this tutorial, we will learn about
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.11
+
||00:11
−
|| Grammar of Turtle script  and  'if'-'else' condition
+
||grammar of '''Turtle script''' and  ''''if'-'else'''' condition.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.16
+
||00:16
−
||To record this tutorial I am using,  Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04.  KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.  
+
||To record this tutorial, I am using:
 +
'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''
 +
'''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1''' '''beta'''.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 00.29
+
||00:29
−
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle  
+
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.35
+
||00:35
−
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.  '''http://spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website: http://spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.40
+
||00:40
−
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle''' Application.  
+
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle''' '''Application'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.43
+
||00:43
 
||Click on '''Dash home'''.   
 
||Click on '''Dash home'''.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.45
+
||00:45
−
||In the Search bar, type '''KTurtle.'''
+
||In the '''Search bar''', type: "kturtle".  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.49
+
||00:49
 
||Click on the '''KTurtle''' icon.  
 
||Click on the '''KTurtle''' icon.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.52
+
||00:52
−
||We can also open KTurtle  using '''Terminal.'''
+
||We can also open KTurtle  using '''Terminal.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||00.56
+
||00:56
−
||Press '''CTRL+ALT+T''' simultaneously to open the '''Terminal'''.
+
||Press '''Ctrl+Alt+T''' keys simultaneously to open the Terminal.
 
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.01
+
||01:01
−
||Type '''KTurtle'''  and press enter  to open the '''KTurtle''' Application.
+
||Type '''kturtle'''  and press '''Enter''' to open the 'KTurtle' Application.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.08
+
||01:08
−
||Let's first look at '''TurtleScript'''
+
||Let's first look at '''TurtleScript'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.11
+
||01:11
−
|| '''TurtleScript''' is a programming language  
+
||'''TurtleScript''' is a programming language.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.15
+
||01:15
−
||It has different types of '''words and symbols''' used for '''various purposes'''
+
||It has different types of words and symbols used for various purposes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.21  
+
||01:21  
−
|| It '''instructs''' Turtle what to do
+
||It instructs Turtle what to do.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.25  
+
||01:25  
 
||'''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in ''' KTurtle''' includes-  
 
||'''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in ''' KTurtle''' includes-  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.30  
+
||01:30  
−
|| Comments
+
||'''Comments''', '''Commands'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.31
+
||01:32
−
|| Commands
+
|| Numbers, '''Strings'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.32
+
||01:34
−
|| Numbers
+
||'''Variable'''s and
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.33
+
||01:36
−
|| Strings
+
||'''Boolean value'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.34
+
||01:38
−
|| Variables and
+
||Now, we will see where to store numbers.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.36
+
||01:42
−
|| Boolean values
+
||'''Numbers'''  can be stored in:
−
|-
+
−
||01.38
+
−
||Now we will see where to store numbers
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.42
+
||01:44
−
||'''Numbers'''  can be stored in
+
||Mathematical operators
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.44
+
||01:46
−
|| Mathematical operators
+
||Comparison operators and
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.46
+
||01:49
−
||Comparison operators and
+
||Variables,I will zoom the program text for clear view.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.49
+
||01:54
−
||Variables
+
−
|-
+
−
||01.50
+
−
||I will zoom the program text for clear view.
+
−
|-
+
−
||01.54
+
 
||First  let's look at variables.  
 
||First  let's look at variables.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||01.57
+
||01:57
 
||Variables are words that start with  ‘$’ sign, for example $a.
 
||Variables are words that start with  ‘$’ sign, for example $a.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 02.04
+
||02:04
−
||In the editor they are highlighted in '''purple''' color.  
+
||Variables are highlighted in purple color.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.09
+
||02:09
−
||Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.  
+
||Using the assignment '''equal to''' (=), a variable is given its contents.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.14
+
||02:14
−
||Variables can contain numbers '''$a=100'''.
+
||Variables can contain- * numbers '''$a=100'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.20
+
||02:20
−
||strings '''$a=hello''' or  
+
||'''string'''s '''$a=hello''' or  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.25
+
||02:25
−
||boolean values that is true or false '''$a=true'''
+
||boolean values that is '''true''' or '''false''' '''$a=true'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.32
+
||02:32
−
||Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.  
+
||Variable keeps the contents until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.41
+
||02:41
 
||For example, consider the code.
 
||For example, consider the code.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.44
+
||02:44
−
||Let us type,'''$a = 2004'''  
+
||Let us type:'''$a = 2004'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.50
+
||02:50
 
||'''$b = 25'''  
 
||'''$b = 25'''  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||02.55
+
||02:55
 
||'''print $a + $b'''  
 
||'''print $a + $b'''  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.01
+
||03:01
 
||Variable 'a' is assigned a  value ''' 2004.'''
 
||Variable 'a' is assigned a  value ''' 2004.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.06
+
||03:06
−
||Variable 'b' is assigned a value '''25'''  
+
||Variable 'b' is assigned a value '''25'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.10
+
||03:10
 
||'''print''' command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.  
 
||'''print''' command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03.15
+
||03:15
−
||'''print'''  command, takes numbers and strings as input.  
+
||'''print'''  command takes numbers and strings as '''input'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.19
+
||03:19
 
||'''print $a + $b'''  commands '''Turtle''' to add two values and display them on the canvas.
 
||'''print $a + $b'''  commands '''Turtle''' to add two values and display them on the canvas.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 03.29
+
||03:29
−
||Let's Run the code in '''slow''' speed.
+
||Let's '''Run''' the code in '''slow''' speed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.34
+
||03:34
−
||Value '''2029''' is displayed on the canvas
+
||Value '''2029''' is displayed on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.40
+
||03:40
−
||Let us next see the Mathematical  Operators.
+
||Let us next see the mathematical operators.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.44
+
||03:44
−
||Mathematical operators include,
+
||Mathematical operators include -
 +
'+' (Addition)
  
−
* '''+''' (Addition)  
+
'-' (Subtraction)  
  
−
* '''-''' (Subtraction)  
+
'*' (Multiplication) and
  
−
* '''*''' (Multiplcation) and
+
'/' (Division)
  
−
* '''/''' (Division)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||03.53
+
||03:53
−
|| I will clear the current code from editor and type '''clear''' command and '''RUN''' to clean the canvas
+
|| I will clear the current code from the editor and type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.01
+
||04:01
−
||I already have a program in a text editor.  
+
||I already have a program in a text-editor.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.05
+
||04:05
−
||I will Explain the code now
+
||I will explain the code now.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.08
+
||04:08
−
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its '''default''' position
+
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its '''default''' position.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.12
+
||04:12
 
||'''canvassize 200,200''' fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.  
 
||'''canvassize 200,200''' fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.22
+
||04:22
−
|| value '''1+1''' is assigned to the variable''' $add,'''  
+
|| Value '''1+1''' is assigned to the variable''' $add'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.26
+
||04:26
−
||Value '''20-5''' is assigned to variable '''$subtract''',
+
||Value '''20-5''' is assigned to the variable '''$subtract'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.31
+
||04:31
−
||value '''15 * 2''' is be assigned to the variable '''$multiply.'''  
+
||Value '''15 * 2''' is assigned to the variable '''$multiply.'''  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.36
+
||04:36
 
||'''30/30''' is assigned to the variable '''$divide.'''  
 
||'''30/30''' is assigned to the variable '''$divide.'''  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.40
+
||04:40
−
||'''go 10,10''' commands to '''Turtle''' to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
+
||'''go 10,10''' commands '''Turtle''' to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.52
+
||04:52
−
||'''print''' command displays the varible on the canvas
+
||'''print''' command displays the variable on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||04.56
+
||04:56
−
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
+
||I will '''copy''' the code from text-editor and '''paste''' it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.03
+
||05:03
−
||Pause the tutorial and type the program into''' KTurtle''' editor.
+
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your ''' KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.08
+
||05:08
−
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program
+
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.13
+
||05:13
−
||Let us click on '''Run''' button  to run the program
+
||Let us click on '''Run''' button  to '''run''' the program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.17
+
||05:17
 
||Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.
 
||Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.22
+
||05:22
 
||'''Turtle''' displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.  
 
||'''Turtle''' displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.34
+
||05:34
 
||Let us consider a simple example for using  '''comparison operator''' .
 
||Let us consider a simple example for using  '''comparison operator''' .
  
 +
|-
 +
||05:41
 +
||I will clear the current code from the editor. Type '''"clear"''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05.41
+
||05:49
−
|| I will clear the current code from editor and type '''clear''' command and '''RUN''' to clean the canvas
+
||I will zoom the program text to have a clear view.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 05.49
+
||05:53
−
||I will  zoom the progrm text to have clear view
+
||Let's type:
−
|-
+
−
|| 05.53
+
−
||Let's type  
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||05.55
+
||05:55
 
||'''$answer = 10 > 3'''
 
||'''$answer = 10 > 3'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.03
+
||06:03
 
||'''print $answer'''
 
||'''print $answer'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.09
+
||06:09
−
||Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’'''greater than'''’ operator.
+
||Here, 10 is compared to 3 with the '''greater than''' operator.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.14
+
||06:14
−
||The result of this comparison, the '''boolean value true''' is stored in the  
+
||The result of this comparison, the '''boolean value''' 'true', is stored in the  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.19
+
||06:19
−
||variable '''$answer''' and the value '''true''' is displayed on the canvas.
+
||variable '''$answer''' and the value 'true' is displayed on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 06.27
+
||06:27
−
||Let's run the code now
+
||Let's run the code now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.29
+
||06:29
−
||'''Turtle''' displays '''Boolean value true''' on the canvas.
+
||'''Turtle''' displays Boolean value 'true' on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.34
+
||06:34
−
||Now lets see how Strings work in this application –
+
||Now,let's see how '''String'''s work in this application-
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.39
+
||06:39
−
||Strings can be put in variables like numbers  
+
||Strings can be put in variables like numbers.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.43
+
||06:43
−
||Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators  
+
||Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.49
+
||06:49
−
||Strings are highlighted in red color  
+
||Strings are highlighted in red color.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||06.53
+
||06:53
−
||KTurtle identifies a line in double quotes as a string
+
||'KTurtle' identifies a line in double quotes as a string.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07.00
+
||07:00
−
||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
+
||I will clear the current code from editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07.08
+
||07:08
−
||Now I will explain about Boolean values.
+
||Now, I will explain about Boolean values.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.11
+
||07:11
−
||There are only two '''boolean''' values: '''true''' and '''false.'''
+
||There are only two '''boolean''' values: "true" and "false".  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.16
+
||07:16
−
||For example Let's type the code  
+
||For example, let's type the code:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.20
+
||07:20
 
||'''$answer = 7<5'''
 
||'''$answer = 7<5'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.28
+
||07:28
−
||'''print $answer'''  
+
||'''print $answer'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.34
+
||07:34
−
||'''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer'''  because 7 is greater than 5
+
||The '''Boolean value''' 'false' is assigned to the  variable''' $answer'''  because 7 is greater than 5.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07.43
+
||07:43
−
||Let's Run the code now
+
||Let's '''Run''' the code now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.47
+
||07:47
−
||'''Turtle''' diplays '''Boolean''' value '''false''' on the canvas.
+
||'''Turtle''' displays '''Boolean''' value "false" on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 07.51
+
||07:51
 
||Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.
 
||Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||07.56
+
||07:56
−
||‘if’ condition is executed only if the '''boolean''' value evaluates ‘true’  
+
||‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.03
+
||08:03
−
||‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’ .
+
||‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08.09
+
||08:09
−
||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
+
||I will clear the current code from editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.17
+
||08:17
 
||I already have a code in a text file.
 
||I already have a code in a text file.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08.21
+
||08:21
−
||This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
+
||This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.30
+
||08:30
−
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
+
||I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.36
+
||08:36
−
||Pause the tutorial and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
+
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.42
+
||08:42
−
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program
+
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 08.46
+
||08:46
−
||Let's Run the code now
+
||Let's '''run''' the code now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.49
+
||08:49
−
||the '''Turtle''' has compared the values 4 and 5.
+
||The '''Turtle''' has compared the values 4 and 5
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||08.53
+
||08:53
−
||and has displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .  
+
||and has displayed the result: "4 is smaller than 6" on the canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.00
+
||09:00
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.05
+
||09:05
 
||Let's summarize.
 
||Let's summarize.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.07
+
||09:07
−
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about  
+
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.11
+
||09:11
 
||Grammar of Turtle script  and
 
||Grammar of Turtle script  and
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.14
+
||09:14
−
|| ‘if-else’ condition  
+
||‘if-else’ condition.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.17
+
||09:17
−
||Now to the assignment part.
+
||Now, to the assignment part.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.19
+
||09:19
−
||'''Solve an equation using'''
+
||Solve an equation using:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.22
+
||09:22
−
||if - else condition
+
||if - else condition,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.24
+
||09:24
−
|| Mathematical  and comparision operators
+
||Mathematical  and comparison operators.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.27
+
||09:27
−
|| Display the results using  “print” and “go” commands.  
+
||Display the results using  “print” and “go” commands.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.33
+
||09:33
−
||To solve the assignment
+
||To solve the assignment-
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.35
+
||09:35
−
||Choose any four random numbers
+
||choose any four random numbers,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.38
+
||09:38
−
|| Multiply two sets of random numbers
+
||multiply two sets of random numbers,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.42
+
||09:42
−
|| Compare the results using the comparison operators
+
||compare the results using the comparison operators,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.46
+
||09:46
−
|| Display both the results  
+
||display both the results,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.49
+
||09:49
−
|| Display greater result at the  center of the canvas  
+
||display greater result at the  center of the canvas.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.54
+
||09:54
−
|| You can choose any equation which you like.  
+
||You can choose any equation which you like.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||09.59
+
||09:59
−
||Watch the video available at this URL '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial'''
+
||Watch the video available at this URL: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.03
+
||10:03
−
||It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
+
||It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.06
+
||10:06
−
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
+
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10.12
+
||10:12
−
||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :  
+
||The Spoken Tutorial project team :  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.14
+
||10:14
−
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.18
+
||10:18
−
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
+
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.22
+
||10:22
−
||For more details, please write to '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''
+
||For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| 10.30
+
||10:30
−
||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project  
+
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.35
+
||10:35
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||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
+
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||1043
+
||10:43
−
||More information on this Mission is available at this link '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]'''
+
||More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.48
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||10:48
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||The Script is contributed by '''ITfC Bangaluru.'''
+
||The Script is contributed by '''ITfC, Bangaluru.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||10.52
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||10:52
−
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay'''  signing off Thank you for joining.
+
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:12, 24 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everybody.Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn about
00:11 grammar of Turtle script and 'if'-'else' condition.
00:16 To record this tutorial, I am using:

Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04 KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.

00:29 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle.
00:35 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website: http://spoken-tutorial.org
00:40 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
00:43 Click on Dash home.
00:45 In the Search bar, type: "kturtle".
00:49 Click on the KTurtle icon.
00:52 We can also open KTurtle using Terminal.
00:56 Press Ctrl+Alt+T keys simultaneously to open the Terminal.
01:01 Type kturtle and press Enter to open the 'KTurtle' Application.
01:08 Let's first look at TurtleScript.
01:11 TurtleScript is a programming language.
01:15 It has different types of words and symbols used for various purposes.
01:21 It instructs Turtle what to do.
01:25 Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes-
01:30 Comments, Commands
01:32 Numbers, Strings
01:34 Variables and
01:36 Boolean values.
01:38 Now, we will see where to store numbers.
01:42 Numbers can be stored in:
01:44 Mathematical operators
01:46 Comparison operators and
01:49 Variables,I will zoom the program text for clear view.
01:54 First let's look at variables.
01:57 Variables are words that start with ‘$’ sign, for example $a.
02:04 Variables are highlighted in purple color.
02:09 Using the assignment equal to (=), a variable is given its contents.
02:14 Variables can contain- * numbers $a=100.
02:20 strings $a=hello or
02:25 boolean values that is true or false $a=true.
02:32 Variable keeps the contents until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.
02:41 For example, consider the code.
02:44 Let us type:$a = 2004
02:50 $b = 25
02:55 print $a + $b
03:01 Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004.
03:06 Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25.
03:10 print command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.
03:15 print command takes numbers and strings as input.
03:19 print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas.
03:29 Let's Run the code in slow speed.
03:34 Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas.
03:40 Let us next see the mathematical operators.
03:44 Mathematical operators include -

'+' (Addition)

'-' (Subtraction)

'*' (Multiplication) and

'/' (Division)

03:53 I will clear the current code from the editor and type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
04:01 I already have a program in a text-editor.
04:05 I will explain the code now.
04:08 “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
04:12 canvassize 200,200 fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
04:22 Value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add.
04:26 Value 20-5 is assigned to the variable $subtract.
04:31 Value 15 * 2 is assigned to the variable $multiply.
04:36 30/30 is assigned to the variable $divide.
04:40 go 10,10 commands Turtle to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas.
04:52 print command displays the variable on the canvas.
04:56 I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
05:03 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
05:08 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
05:13 Let us click on Run button to run the program.
05:17 Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.
05:22 Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.
05:34 Let us consider a simple example for using comparison operator .
05:41 I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
05:49 I will zoom the program text to have a clear view.
05:53 Let's type:
05:55 $answer = 10 > 3
06:03 print $answer
06:09 Here, 10 is compared to 3 with the greater than operator.
06:14 The result of this comparison, the boolean value 'true', is stored in the
06:19 variable $answer and the value 'true' is displayed on the canvas.
06:27 Let's run the code now.
06:29 Turtle displays Boolean value 'true' on the canvas.
06:34 Now,let's see how Strings work in this application-
06:39 Strings can be put in variables like numbers.
06:43 Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators.
06:49 Strings are highlighted in red color.
06:53 'KTurtle' identifies a line in double quotes as a string.
07:00 I will clear the current code from editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
07:08 Now, I will explain about Boolean values.
07:11 There are only two boolean values: "true" and "false".
07:16 For example, let's type the code:
07:20 $answer = 7<5
07:28 print $answer.
07:34 The Boolean value 'false' is assigned to the variable $answer because 7 is greater than 5.
07:43 Let's Run the code now.
07:47 Turtle displays Boolean value "false" on the canvas.
07:51 Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.
07:56 ‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’.
08:03 ‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’.
08:09 I will clear the current code from editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
08:17 I already have a code in a text file.
08:21 This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
08:30 I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
08:36 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08:42 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
08:46 Let's run the code now.
08:49 The Turtle has compared the values 4 and 5
08:53 and has displayed the result: "4 is smaller than 6" on the canvas.
09:00 With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
09:05 Let's summarize.
09:07 In this tutorial, we have learnt about:
09:11 Grammar of Turtle script and
09:14 ‘if-else’ condition.
09:17 Now, to the assignment part.
09:19 Solve an equation using:
09:22 if - else condition,
09:24 Mathematical and comparison operators.
09:27 Display the results using “print” and “go” commands.
09:33 To solve the assignment-
09:35 choose any four random numbers,
09:38 multiply two sets of random numbers,
09:42 compare the results using the comparison operators,
09:46 display both the results,
09:49 display greater result at the center of the canvas.
09:54 You can choose any equation which you like.
09:59 Watch the video available at this URL: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
10:03 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:06 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:12 The Spoken Tutorial project team :
10:14 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:18 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:22 For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
10:30 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
10:35 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:43 More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
10:48 The Script is contributed by ITfC, Bangaluru.
10:52 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Devraj, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Sneha

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