Difference between revisions of "Joomla/C2/Categories-in-Joomla/English-timed"

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{| border=1
 
{| border=1
|| '''Visual Cue'''
+
|| '''Time'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:01
 
|| 00:01
|| Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Categories in Joomla.'''
+
|| Welcome to the '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Categories in Joomla.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:06
 
|| 00:06
|| In this tutorial, we will learn about: '''Category Manager''' in '''Joomla''', Creating and editing '''categories''' and creating '''sub-categories'''
+
|| In this tutorial, we will learn about:  
 +
 
 +
'''Category Manager''' in '''Joomla''',
 +
 
 +
creating and editing '''categories''' and  
 +
 
 +
creating '''sub-categories'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:16
 
|| 00:16
|| We will also learn how to: Assign '''articles''' to '''categories''', Move or copy '''articles''' to a different '''category.''', And delete or unpublish a '''category.'''
+
|| We will also learn how to:
 +
 
 +
assign '''articles''' to '''categories''',
 +
 
 +
move or copy '''articles''' to a different '''category''' and
 +
 
 +
delete or unpublish a '''category.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:27
 
|| 00:27
|| This tutorial is recorded using: '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' 14.04, '''Joomla''' 3.4.1, '''Apache, MySQL''' and '''PHP''' obtained through '''XAMPP''' 5.5.19
+
|| This tutorial is recorded using:
 +
 
 +
'''Ubuntu Linux OS 14.04''',
 +
 
 +
'''Joomla 3.4.1''',
 +
 
 +
'''Apache, MySQL''' and '''PHP''' obtained through '''XAMPP 5.5.19'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:43
 
|| 00:43
|| Learner of this tutorial should know how to create an '''article''' in '''Joomla'''
+
|| Learner of this tutorial should know how to create an '''article''' in '''Joomla'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 00:48
 
|| 00:48
|| If not, pls refer to the relevant '''Joomla''' tutorials on the '''Spoken Tutorial''' website.
+
|| If not, please refer to the relevant '''Joomla''' tutorials on the '''Spoken Tutorial''' website.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 53: Line 71:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:21
 
|| 01:21
|| Follow the instructions to create 4 new '''articles''': '''Vitamin B''', :'''Benefits of Nutrients''', :'''Fish''' and, :'''Green Vegetables'''.
+
|| Follow the instructions to create 4 new '''articles'''- '''Vitamin B:''', '''Benefits of Nutrients:''', '''Fish:''' and '''Green Vegetables:'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:31
 
|| 01:31
|| We now have 6 '''articles''' in '''Article Manager:''' :'''Vitamin A''', :'''Vitamin B''', :'''Benefits of Sodium''', :'''Benefits of Nutrients ''', :'''Fish''' and, :'''Green Vegetables'''.
+
|| We now have 6 '''articles''' in '''Article Manager-''' '''Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Benefits of Sodium, Benefits of Nutrients , Fish''' and '''Green Vegetables'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|| 01:50
 
|| 01:50
|| '''Categories''' in '''Joomla''' help to organize the '''articles''' in a logical order.
+
|| '''Categories''' in Joomla help to organize the '''articles''' in a logical order.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
|| 02;21
+
|| 02:21
 
|| Recollect that all our '''articles''' appeared as  '''Uncategorized.'''
 
|| Recollect that all our '''articles''' appeared as  '''Uncategorized.'''
  
Line 101: Line 119:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:31
 
|| 02:31
|| The only mandatory field to create a '''category''' is the '''Category Title.'''
+
|| The only mandatory '''field''' to create a category is the '''Category Title.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|| 02:47
 
|| 02:47
|| To edit or rename a '''category''', click on the title of the '''category.'''
+
|| To '''edit''' or rename a '''category''', click on the title of the '''category.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:13
 
|| 03:13
|| Let us put them in a broader '''category Nutrients.'''
+
|| Let us put them in a broader category '''Nutrients.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:17
 
|| 03:17
|| Click on New and type '''Nutrients''' as the title.
+
|| Click on '''New''' and type '''Nutrients''' as the title.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 169: Line 187:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 03:42
 
|| 03:42
|| We can batch process these 2 '''categories'''.
+
|| We can '''batch process''' these 2 '''categories'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 197: Line 215:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:11
 
|| 04:11
||  There are 2 '''radio buttons''' below the drop-down, namely: '''Copy''',  '''Move'''
+
||  There are 2 '''radio buttons''' below the drop-down, namely: '''Copy''',  '''Move'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:17
 
|| 04:17
|| '''Copy''' will make a copy of the selected '''categories''' in the selected '''category'''.
+
|| '''Copy''' will make a copy of the selected '''categories''', in the selected '''category'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:22
 
|| 04:22
|| '''Move''' will move the '''category''' from their previous '''category''' to the selected '''category'''.
+
|| '''Move''' will move the '''category''' from their previous '''category''', to the selected '''category'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 225: Line 243:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 04:44
 
|| 04:44
|| Create a new '''category Carbohydrates''', Click on '''Parent''' drop-down on the right and select '''Nutrients''', Click on '''Save and Close'''.
+
|| Create a new category '''Carbohydrates''', click on '''Parent''' drop-down on the right and select '''Nutrients'''. Click on '''Save and Close'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 237: Line 255:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:03
 
|| 05:03
|| There are 2 main '''categories''': '''Uncategorized''', and '''Nutrients'''.
+
|| There are 2 main '''categories''': '''Uncategorized''' and '''Nutrients'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:09
 
|| 05:09
|| Under '''Nutrients'''. we have 3 '''sub-categories''': '''Vitamins,''' '''Minerals''' and '''Carbohydrates'''
+
|| Under '''Nutrients''', we have 3 '''sub-categories''': '''Vitamins, Minerals''' and '''Carbohydrates'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 252: Line 270:
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:22
+
|| 05:27
 
|| Select the two '''vitamin articles''' by clicking the check-box to the left of the '''Status''' column.
 
|| Select the two '''vitamin articles''' by clicking the check-box to the left of the '''Status''' column.
  
Line 265: Line 283:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 05:44
 
|| 05:44
|| Select '''Vitamins''' in '''Select Category for Move/ Copy''' drop-down
+
|| Select '''Vitamins''' in '''Select Category for Move/ Copy''' drop-down.
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 05:59
+
|| 05:49
 
|| Let's select '''Move''' and then click on '''Process''' button.
 
|| Let's select '''Move''' and then click on '''Process''' button.
  
Line 285: Line 303:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:09
 
|| 06:09
|| In the '''Category''' drop-down on the right, select '''Minerals''', then click on '''Save and Close.'''
+
|| In the '''Category''' drop-down on the right, select '''Minerals'''. Then click on '''Save and Close.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 06;17
+
|| 06:17
 
|| Note that the '''category''' of '''Benefits of Sodium''' has been changed to '''Minerals.'''
 
|| Note that the '''category''' of '''Benefits of Sodium''' has been changed to '''Minerals.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 06:23
 
|| 06:23
|| Pause the tutorial here and do this assignment. Click on '''Benefits of Nutrients article''', Change the '''category''' to '''Nutrients.''', Click on '''Save and Close.'''
+
|| Pause the tutorial here and do this assignment.
 +
 
 +
Click on '''Benefits of Nutrients article'''.
 +
 
 +
Change the '''category''' to '''Nutrients.'''
  
 +
Click on '''Save and Close.'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
||06:35
 
||06:35
Line 332: Line 355:
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07;23
+
|| 07:23
 
|| This is how we had organized the '''categories.'''
 
|| This is how we had organized the '''categories.'''
  
Line 341: Line 364:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:31
 
|| 07:31
|| A '''category''' having neither '''articles''' nor '''subcategories''' is an empty '''Category.'''And hence it is not visible on the webpage.
+
|| A '''category''' having neither '''articles''' nor '''subcategories''' is an empty '''Category.''' And hence it is not visible on the web-page.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 353: Line 376:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 07:48
 
|| 07:48
|| Switch to the '''Article Manager''' webpage.
+
|| Switch to the '''Article Manager''' web-page.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 364: Line 387:
  
 
|-
 
|-
|| 07:58
+
|| 08:00
 
|| Note that the '''Category Manager Options''' page is the same as '''Article Manager Options.'''
 
|| Note that the '''Category Manager Options''' page is the same as '''Article Manager Options.'''
  
Line 381: Line 404:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||08:20
 
||08:20
||The tab will show the settings of the page, which shows all '''articles''' under a particular '''category.'''
+
||The '''tab''' will show the settings of the page which shows all '''articles''' under a particular '''category.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 397: Line 420:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:35
 
|| 08:35
|| Switch to the '''‘Digital India’''' webpage and refresh it.
+
|| Switch to the '''‘Digital India’''' web-page and refresh it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 405: Line 428:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:44
 
|| 08:44
|| Go back to the '''Category Manager''' webpage.
+
|| Go back to the '''Category Manager''' web-page.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 413: Line 436:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 08:52
 
|| 08:52
|| We can either: '''Unpublish''' it or Delete it.
+
|| We can either: '''Unpublish''' it or delete it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 421: Line 444:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||09:01
 
||09:01
||When we '''unpublish''' a '''category''': No new '''article''' can be assigned to that '''category'''.
+
||When we '''unpublish''' a '''category''', no new '''article''' can be assigned to that '''category'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:07
 
|| 09:07
|| All its '''subcategories''' are automatically unpublished and '''Articles''' under the '''category''' are no longer visible on the website, even if they are published.
+
|| All its '''subcategories''' are automatically unpublished and '''articles''' under the '''category''' are no longer visible on the website, even if they are published.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:18
 
|| 09:18
|| When we delete a '''category''': It is moved to '''Trash''', along with all the '''articles''' under it.
+
|| When we delete a '''category''', it is moved to '''Trash''', along with all the '''articles''' under it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 437: Line 460:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:31
 
|| 09:31
|| Come back to the '''Category Manager''' webpage
+
|| Come back to the '''Category Manager''' web-page.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:34
 
|| 09:34
|| Since we are not using the '''category Carbohydrates''', let's unpublish it for now.
+
|| Since we are not using the category '''Carbohydrates''', let's '''unpublish''' it for now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 449: Line 472:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 09:45
 
|| 09:45
|| Now select it by clicking the check-box to the left of the '''Status''' column.
+
|| Now, select it by clicking the check-box to the left of the '''Status''' column.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 485: Line 508:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:22
 
|| 10:22
|| In this tutorial, we learnt about: '''Category Manager''' in '''Joomla''', Creating and editing '''categories''', And creating '''sub-categories'''.
+
|| In this tutorial, we learnt about:
 +
 
 +
'''Category Manager''' in '''Joomla''',
 +
 
 +
creating and editing '''categories'''
 +
 
 +
and creating '''sub-categories'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:32
 
|| 10:32
|| We also learnt how to: Assign '''articles''' to '''categories''', Move or copy '''articles''' to a different '''category''', And delete or unpublish a '''category.'''
+
|| We also learnt how to:  
 +
 
 +
assign '''articles''' to '''categories''',
 +
 
 +
move or copy '''articles''' to a different '''category'''
 +
 
 +
and delete or unpublish a '''category.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:43
 
|| 10:43
|| Here is an assignment for you:Create a new '''category Food Sources'''.
+
|| Here is an assignment for you: create a new category '''Food Sources'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:48
 
|| 10:48
|| Create 2''' subcategories Veg Sources and Non-veg Sources''' under the '''category Food Sources.'''
+
|| Create 2 subcategories, '''Veg Sources''' and '''Non-veg Sources''', under the category '''Food Sources.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:55
 
|| 10:55
|| Assign the '''article Fish''' to '''Non-Veg''' sources.
+
|| Assign the article '''Fish''' to '''Non-Veg''' sources.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 10:59
 
|| 10:59
|| Assign the '''article Green Vegetables''' to '''Veg Sources'''.
+
|| Assign the article '''Green Vegetables''' to '''Veg Sources'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 517: Line 552:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||11:09
 
||11:09
||Delete the '''category Veg Sources'''.
+
||Delete the category '''Veg Sources'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 525: Line 560:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 11:14
 
|| 11:14
|| Hint is to use the filter to see '''Trashed categories'''.
+
|| Hint is, to use the '''filter''' to see '''Trashed categories'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 11:18
 
|| 11:18
|| Edit the '''category Vitamins''' to add a description.
+
|| Edit the category '''Vitamins''' to add a description.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 541: Line 576:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||11:33
 
||11:33
||The video at the following link, summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial '''project.
+
||The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial '''project. Please download and watch it.
Please download and watch it.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| 11:40
 
|| 11:40
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
+
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||11:50
 
||11:50
||'''Spoken Tutorial '''Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.'''More information on this mission is available at the link shown.
+
||'''Spoken Tutorial '''Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the link shown.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||12:01
 
||12:01
||This is Priyanka signing off. Thank you for joining.
+
||This is Priyanka, signing off. Thank you for joining.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 11:58, 1 August 2018

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Categories in Joomla.
00:06 In this tutorial, we will learn about:

Category Manager in Joomla,

creating and editing categories and

creating sub-categories.

00:16 We will also learn how to:

assign articles to categories,

move or copy articles to a different category and

delete or unpublish a category.

00:27 This tutorial is recorded using:

Ubuntu Linux OS 14.04,

Joomla 3.4.1,

Apache, MySQL and PHP obtained through XAMPP 5.5.19

00:43 Learner of this tutorial should know how to create an article in Joomla.
00:48 If not, please refer to the relevant Joomla tutorials on the Spoken Tutorial website.
00:55 Let’s switch to the Joomla control panel.
00:58 Click on Article Manager in the left menu.
01:01 We currently have 2 articles - Vitamin A and Benefits of Sodium.
01:08 In order to understand categories in Joomla, let’s create a few more articles.
01:14 Pause this tutorial and do this assignment.
01:17 Open the assignment-text file provided with this tutorial.
01:21 Follow the instructions to create 4 new articles- Vitamin B:, Benefits of Nutrients:, Fish: and Green Vegetables:.
01:31 We now have 6 articles in Article Manager- Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Benefits of Sodium, Benefits of Nutrients , Fish and Green Vegetables.
01:43 The 2 articles on Vitamins are similar in content.
01:47 So, we should group them together.
01:50 Categories in Joomla help to organize the articles in a logical order.
01:55 Click on Categories in the left menu.
01:59 Alternately, click on Content Menu at the top and then on Category Manager.
02:06 Notice that the Category Manager has a similar layout as that of the Article Manager.
02:11 It has a Search box and Search Tools button to filter the Categories.
02:17 By default, we have one category called Uncategorized.
02:21 Recollect that all our articles appeared as Uncategorized.
02:26 To create a new category, click on the New button on the top left.
02:31 The only mandatory field to create a category is the Category Title.
02:36 I will write Vitamin as the title in the title textbox.
02:40 Click on Save and Close
02:43 You can see that the new category has now been created.
02:47 To edit or rename a category, click on the title of the category.
02:52 I will rename the title to Vitamins.
02:56 This time let’s click on Save and New button.
03:00 We are prompted to add a new category.
03:03 Let’s type Minerals as the title.
03:06 Then click on Save and Close.
03:09 Now, Minerals and Vitamins are nutrients that our bodies need.
03:13 Let us put them in a broader category Nutrients.
03:17 Click on New and type Nutrients as the title.
03:23 Then click on Save and Close.
03:26 Let us put Vitamins and Minerals under the category Nutrients.
03:31 A category under another category is called subcategory.
03:36 Select the two categories by clicking the check-box to the left of the status column.
03:42 We can batch process these 2 categories.
03:45 Batch processing means working on things in groups.
03:48 Click on Batch button in the toolbar at the top.
03:52 A new window with the title Batch Process the Selected Categories opens.
03:58 It has many options.
04:00 For now, we are only going to change the parent category of these categories.
04:05 So, select Nutrients in the Select Category for Move/ Copy drop-down.
04:11 There are 2 radio buttons below the drop-down, namely: Copy, Move.
04:17 Copy will make a copy of the selected categories, in the selected category.
04:22 Move will move the category from their previous category, to the selected category.
04:27 Let's select Move and then click on Process.
04:31 Notice a hyphen in front of Vitamins and Minerals categories.
04:35 This indicates that they are subcategories of the main category Nutrients.
04:41 Pause the tutorial here and do this assignment.
04:44 Create a new category Carbohydrates, click on Parent drop-down on the right and select Nutrients. Click on Save and Close.
04:54 Notice that this is another way to assign categories and subcategories to a parent category.
05:01 Now, we have a Category tree.
05:03 There are 2 main categories: Uncategorized and Nutrients.
05:09 Under Nutrients, we have 3 sub-categories: Vitamins, Minerals and Carbohydrates.
05:16 Now, let us learn how to organize various articles under different categories.
05:22 From Category Manager, click on Articles in the left menu.
05:27 Select the two vitamin articles by clicking the check-box to the left of the Status column.
05:34 Click on Batch button in the toolbar on top.
05:38 A new window with the title Batch Process the Selected Articles opens.
05:44 Select Vitamins in Select Category for Move/ Copy drop-down.
05:49 Let's select Move and then click on Process button.
05:53 Notice that the category for our articles Vitamin A and Vitamin B has changed.
06:00 Let us change the category of Benefits of Sodium to Minerals.
06:05 Click on the title Benefits of Sodium.
06:09 In the Category drop-down on the right, select Minerals. Then click on Save and Close.
06:17 Note that the category of Benefits of Sodium has been changed to Minerals.
06:23 Pause the tutorial here and do this assignment.

Click on Benefits of Nutrients article.

Change the category to Nutrients.

Click on Save and Close.

06:35 Now it’s time to check all these changes on the Digital India webpage.
06:40 Before that, ensure that Show Category is set to Show for the articles.
06:45 Click on Options button in the toolbar at the top right corner.
06:50 Set Show Category to Show and Link Category to Yes.
06:57 Click on Save and Close.
07:00 Now, click on the Digital India link at the top right.
07:05 Notice that the articles have different Category names in their header.
07:10 Click on the Category Nutrients in the article header of Benefits of Nutrients.
07:16 Observe that it lists one article and 2 subcategoriesVitamins and Minerals.
07:23 This is how we had organized the categories.
07:27 Note that the category Carbohydrates is not visible here.
07:31 A category having neither articles nor subcategories is an empty Category. And hence it is not visible on the web-page.
07:40 Can we relax this restriction?
07:42 Let us see how to change the settings to get the empty categories displayed.
07:48 Switch to the Article Manager web-page.
07:51 Click on the Categories in the left menu to go to the Category Manager.
07:56 Click on Options button in the toolbar on right.
08:00 Note that the Category Manager Options page is the same as Article Manager Options.
08:06 Even the title says Article Manager Options.
08:10 There are tabs in this page to control the settings of articles, categories, menus etc.
08:17 Click on the tab Category.
08:20 The tab will show the settings of the page which shows all articles under a particular category.
08:26 Scroll down to see the option Empty Categories.
08:30 Set this as Show.
08:32 Click on Save and Close
08:35 Switch to the ‘Digital India’ web-page and refresh it.
08:40 Look, the Carbohydrates subcategory is now visible.
08:44 Go back to the Category Manager web-page.
08:47 The subcategory Carbohydrates does not have any articles under it.
08:52 We can either: Unpublish it or delete it.
08:57 Let’s understand the difference between the two options.
09:01 When we unpublish a category, no new article can be assigned to that category.
09:07 All its subcategories are automatically unpublished and articles under the category are no longer visible on the website, even if they are published.
09:18 When we delete a category, it is moved to Trash, along with all the articles under it.
09:24 A deleted category can be restored again or the same could be trashed permanently.
09:31 Come back to the Category Manager web-page.
09:34 Since we are not using the category Carbohydrates, let's unpublish it for now.
09:40 Locate the category Carbohydrates from the Categories Manager page.
09:45 Now, select it by clicking the check-box to the left of the Status column.
09:50 Click on the Unpublish button in the toolbar on top.
09:54 Immediately, a success message appears.
09:58 Observe that the status of the category Carbohydrates has changed to Unpublished.
10:04 Let us go back to the Digital India webpage and verify this.
10:08 Switch to the Digital India webpage and refresh it.
10:12 Notice that the category Carbohydrates is no longer visible.
10:16 This is because it has been unpublished.
10:20 Let us summarize.
10:22 In this tutorial, we learnt about:

Category Manager in Joomla,

creating and editing categories

and creating sub-categories.

10:32 We also learnt how to:

assign articles to categories,

move or copy articles to a different category

and delete or unpublish a category.

10:43 Here is an assignment for you: create a new category Food Sources.
10:48 Create 2 subcategories, Veg Sources and Non-veg Sources, under the category Food Sources.
10:55 Assign the article Fish to Non-Veg sources.
10:59 Assign the article Green Vegetables to Veg Sources.
11:03 Refresh the Homepage.
11:05 Observe the changes and understand what has happened.
11:09 Delete the category Veg Sources.
11:11 Try to restore it back.
11:14 Hint is, to use the filter to see Trashed categories.
11:18 Edit the category Vitamins to add a description.
11:22 Change the settings to show the description and number of articles in a category.
11:27 Refresh the Homepage. Observe the changes and understand what has happened.
11:33 The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
11:40 The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
11:50 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the link shown.
12:01 This is Priyanka, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14, Venuspriya