Difference between revisions of "Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Nipple-conditions/English-timed"

| Welcome to this '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Nipple conditions''' in lactating mothers.

| In this tutorial, we will learn about-  sore or cracked nipples and

| flat or inverted nipples.

|  The first nipple condition is- sore or cracked nipples.

| Now, let’s discuss the various causes of sore or cracked nipples which are-

| nipple feeding,

| '''fungal''' or '''bacterial''' infection,

| habit of cleaning the nipples after every feed and

| baby with tongue tie.

| Let us begin with the nipple feeding.

| During nipple feeding, nipple gets rubbed on to the hard palate of the baby’s mouth.

| This pinching makes the breastfeeding painful and results into sore or cracked nipple.

|Note that we have discussed the correct latching technique in another tutorial of the same series.

|Remember, sore or cracked nipples do hurt during correct latching.

| Next is '''fungal''' or '''bacterial''' infection.

|  If the mother has fungal or bacterial infection, she should consult the doctor.

| Next,  some mothers have a habit of cleaning the nipples before every feed.

| Remember,  mother can clean the nipples once during bath.

| After cleaning, mother should apply her hind-milk on the wound

| as hind-milk contain substances that aid in healing and fighting infection.

| '''Tongue tie''' is a condition in which the tip of the baby’s tongue is attached to the inner bottom part of the mouth.

|In case the baby has tongue tie then  mere correct latching is not enough and  surgery is required.

| Now, let’s discuss the treatment for sore or cracked nipples.

| If a mother has sore or cracked nipples, then the health worker should- examine the mother’s breast and nipple,

| tell the mother to express some breast milk with her hand before breastfeeding.

| Apart from these, expressing will reduce the risk of infections, '''nipple fissure''' and '''mastitis'''.

| Then guide the mother to attach her baby correctly to her breast.

|Remember,  breastfeeding frequency is one of the factors which determines the breast milk supply.

| During breastfeeding- she should begin to breastfeed on the side that hurts less.

|If breastfeeding is still painful then she can express the breast milk using her hand and feed it to the baby with a spoon or a cup.

|Also,  apply few drops of hind-milk onto the affected area after each feed, as discussed earlier.

| soaps, oils, lotions, balms and perfumes.

| The nipple condition that we will discuss next is, flat or inverted nipples.

|Flat nipples are not protruded from the level of the '''areola'''.

|Whereas,  inverted nipples are usually pointed in the inward direction.

|  It is very important for the mother to understand the fact that  flat or inverted nipple is not a hindrance to breastfeeding.

|Since, during correct latching, baby latches on to the areola and not on the nipple.

|  Note that in case of flat or inverted nipples, mother requires help in first week of delivery.  

| During this period, health worker should guide the mother about correct latching.

| Remember, in case a mother has flat or inverted nipples then the best holds for effective attachment are-  cross cradle hold,

| football hold and  semi-reclining position.

| As explained in an earlier tutorial, in any hold, it is of utmost importance that mother should hold the breast in the correct manner,

| Note that incorrect latching will result into sore nipples.  

| Remember, do not use feeding bottles or nipple shields.

| It helps stimulate '''oxytocin reflex''' in the mother and  breast milk easily comes out.

|In this tutorial, we learnt about sore or cracked nipples and  

| flat or inverted nipples.

| This tutorial has been contributed by  '''Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay'''.

| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by''' NMEICT, MHRD''', Government of India.

| This tutorial is partly funded by a generous contribution from '''WHEELS Global Foundation.'''

| The domain reviewers for this tutorial are- Dr. Rupal Dalal, MD Pediatrics and  Dr. Taru Jindal, MS  Obstetrics and Gynecology.

This is Nutritionist Rajani Sawant along with animator Arthi Anbalagan from''' IIT Bombay, '''signing off.