Difference between revisions of "Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Nipple-conditions/English"

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</center>
 
</center>
 
| <center> '''Narration'''
 
| <center> '''Narration'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Title slide
 
|Title slide
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Nipple conditions in lactating mothers.
+
Welcome to this '''Spoken Tutorial''' on Nipple conditions in lactating mothers.
 
+
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 17: Line 12:
  
 
Image: Flat and inverted nipples.
 
Image: Flat and inverted nipples.
 
 
 
| In this tutorial, we will learn about-  
 
| In this tutorial, we will learn about-  
 
 
* Sore or cracked nipples and
 
* Sore or cracked nipples and
 
* Flat or inverted nipples.
 
* Flat or inverted nipples.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 30: Line 20:
  
 
Image: Dry nipples.
 
Image: Dry nipples.
 
 
 
|   
 
|   
 
The first nipple condition is-
 
The first nipple condition is-
  
 
Sore or cracked nipples  
 
Sore or cracked nipples  
 
 
* It is a condition where mother develops cracked and bleeding nipples.
 
* It is a condition where mother develops cracked and bleeding nipples.
 
 
* This causes the nipples to become itchy and dry.
 
* This causes the nipples to become itchy and dry.
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 52: Line 35:
  
 
Image: A mother is cleaning her nipple.
 
Image: A mother is cleaning her nipple.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
Now let’s discuss the various causes of sore or cracked nipples which are-
 
Now let’s discuss the various causes of sore or cracked nipples which are-
 
 
* Nipple feeding,
 
* Nipple feeding,
 
* Fungal or Bacterial infection,
 
* Fungal or Bacterial infection,
 
* Habit of cleaning the nipples after every feed and
 
* Habit of cleaning the nipples after every feed and
 
* Baby with tongue tie.
 
* Baby with tongue tie.
 
+
|-
 +
|Image: Nipple feeding.
 +
| Let us begin with the nipple feeding
  
 
|-
 
|-
|  
+
|Image: Sore or cracked nipples.
Image: Nipple feeding.
+
 
+
Image: Sore or cracked nipples.
+
  
 
Image: Incorrect latching.  
 
Image: Incorrect latching.  
  
 
GIF of incorrect latching
 
GIF of incorrect latching
 
+
|Nipple feeding is the first and foremost cause of sore or cracked nipples.
 
+
| Let us begin with the nipple feeding-
+
 
+
Nipple feeding is the first and foremost cause of sore or cracked nipples.
+
 
+
 
* During nipple feeding-
 
* During nipple feeding-
 
** nipple gets rubbed onto the hard palate of the baby’s mouth.
 
** nipple gets rubbed onto the hard palate of the baby’s mouth.
Line 83: Line 57:
 
** this pinching makes the breastfeeding painful.
 
** this pinching makes the breastfeeding painful.
 
** and results into sore or cracked nipple.
 
** and results into sore or cracked nipple.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 91: Line 63:
 
GIF of correct latching.
 
GIF of correct latching.
  
Image: Correct latching technique.
 
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Nipple feeding is the result of improper latching.
 
* Nipple feeding is the result of improper latching.
** therefore correct latching plays an important role to avoid sore or cracked nipples due to nipple feeding.
+
* Therefore correct latching plays an important role-
 
+
** to avoid sore or cracked nipples due to nipple feeding.
+
*Note that,
+
  
 +
|-
 +
|Image: Correct latching technique.
 +
|Note that,
 
We have discussed the correct latching technique in another tutorial of the same series.
 
We have discussed the correct latching technique in another tutorial of the same series.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
Image: Sore or cracked nipple.
 
Image: Sore or cracked nipple.
 +
 
Image: Symbol of pain.
 
Image: Symbol of pain.
 +
 
Image: A mother is breastfeeding a baby.
 
Image: A mother is breastfeeding a baby.
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
Remember
 
Remember
 
 
* Sore or cracked nipples does hurt during correct latching,
 
* Sore or cracked nipples does hurt during correct latching,
 
+
* If the mother continues with the correct latching technique-
* If the mother continues with the correct latching technique then slowly and gradually it stops hurting.  
+
** then slowly and gradually it stops hurting.  
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 125: Line 89:
  
 
Image: A mother is talking to a doctor.
 
Image: A mother is talking to a doctor.
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
* Next is fungal or bacterial infection,
 
* Next is fungal or bacterial infection,
 
** If the mother has a fungal or bacterial infection she should consult the doctor.
 
** If the mother has a fungal or bacterial infection she should consult the doctor.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 141: Line 101:
  
 
Image: Cracked nipples.
 
Image: Cracked nipples.
 
 
 
 
| Next,  
 
| Next,  
 
 
* Some mothers have a habit of cleaning the nipples before every feed.
 
* Some mothers have a habit of cleaning the nipples before every feed.
* This causes dryness of nipples Thus, this routine should be avoided.
+
* This causes dryness of nipples.
 
+
* Thus, this routine should be avoided.
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|   
 
|   
Line 159: Line 114:
  
 
Image: Mouth organisms.
 
Image: Mouth organisms.
 
 
 
| Remember,
 
| Remember,
 
 
* Mother can clean the nipples once during bath.
 
* Mother can clean the nipples once during bath.
 
* However, once cracked nipple has developed mother should clean it after every feed.
 
* However, once cracked nipple has developed mother should clean it after every feed.
Line 168: Line 120:
 
* As hind milk contain substances that aids in healing and fighting infection.
 
* As hind milk contain substances that aids in healing and fighting infection.
 
* Thus, preventing the organisms from baby's mouth to leak into the crack of the nipple.
 
* Thus, preventing the organisms from baby's mouth to leak into the crack of the nipple.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
Image: Tongue tie.
 
Image: Tongue tie.
 
Image: Nipple feeding.
 
Image: Nipple feeding.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
Next is the baby with tongue tie-
 
Next is the baby with tongue tie-
Line 182: Line 130:
 
* It is a very rare condition.
 
* It is a very rare condition.
 
* Nipple feeding is commonly observed in baby with tongue tie.
 
* Nipple feeding is commonly observed in baby with tongue tie.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 191: Line 137:
  
 
Image: The mother and the doctor.  
 
Image: The mother and the doctor.  
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
* In case the baby has tongue tie then-
 
* In case the baby has tongue tie then-
Line 198: Line 142:
 
** surgery is required.
 
** surgery is required.
 
** thus in such cases, mother should always consult the doctor.
 
** thus in such cases, mother should always consult the doctor.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 211: Line 153:
  
 
Image: Mastitis breast.
 
Image: Mastitis breast.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
Now let’s discuss the treatment for sore or cracked nipples
 
Now let’s discuss the treatment for sore or cracked nipples
 
 
* If a mother has sore or cracked nipples, then, the health worker should-
 
* If a mother has sore or cracked nipples, then, the health worker should-
 
** examine the mother’s breast and nipple,
 
** examine the mother’s breast and nipple,
 
** tell the mother to express some breastmilk with her hand before breastfeeding.
 
** tell the mother to express some breastmilk with her hand before breastfeeding.
 
** it will soften the breast and baby will easily attach.
 
** it will soften the breast and baby will easily attach.
**Apart from these expressing will reduce the risk of infections, nipple fissure and mastitis.
+
** apart from these expressing will reduce the risk of infections, nipple fissure and mastitis.
 
** then, guide the mother to attach her baby correctly to her breast.
 
** then, guide the mother to attach her baby correctly to her breast.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: A mother is breastfeeding to a baby.
 
Image: A mother is breastfeeding to a baby.
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
Remember,
 
Remember,
 
 
* Breastfeeding frequency is one of the factors which determines the breastmilk supply.
 
* Breastfeeding frequency is one of the factors which determines the breastmilk supply.
 
 
* Therefore, mother should not stop breastfeeding.
 
* Therefore, mother should not stop breastfeeding.
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 247: Line 177:
  
 
Image: A mother is applying hindmilk on her breast.
 
Image: A mother is applying hindmilk on her breast.
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
* During breastfeeding-
 
* During breastfeeding-
 
She should begin to breastfeed on the side that hurts less.
 
She should begin to breastfeed on the side that hurts less.
 
 
*If breastfeeding is still painful then-
 
*If breastfeeding is still painful then-
 
** she can express the breast milk using her hand and  
 
** she can express the breast milk using her hand and  
 
** feed it to the baby with a spoon or a cup.
 
** feed it to the baby with a spoon or a cup.
 
 
Also,
 
Also,
 
+
* Apply few drops of hindmilk onto the affected area after each feed, as discussed earlier.  
* Apply few drops of hind milk onto the affected area after each feed, as discussed earlier.  
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 268: Line 190:
  
 
Image: Sore or cracked nipples.
 
Image: Sore or cracked nipples.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
Remember, not to use the following on sore and cracked nipples and even on healthy nipples-
 
Remember, not to use the following on sore and cracked nipples and even on healthy nipples-
 
+
* Soaps, oils, lotions, balms and perfumes.
* soap, oils, lotions, balms and perfumes.
+
 
* They may contain irritants.
 
* They may contain irritants.
 
* It will worsen the condition if a mother has sore or cracked nipples.
 
* It will worsen the condition if a mother has sore or cracked nipples.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 283: Line 200:
  
 
Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.
 
Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
*In severe conditions, mother should consult the doctor or the health worker.
 
*In severe conditions, mother should consult the doctor or the health worker.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: A baby is initiating the process of breastfeeding in breast crawl position
 
Image: A baby is initiating the process of breastfeeding in breast crawl position
 
 
 
| For preventing sore or cracked nipples,
 
| For preventing sore or cracked nipples,
 
+
* start breastfeeding immediately after birth.  
* Start breastfeeding immediately after birth.  
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: Correct latching technique.
 
Image: Correct latching technique.
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Always make sure that baby is latched on deeply while breastfeeding.
 
* Always make sure that baby is latched on deeply while breastfeeding.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: Flat and inverted nipples
 
Image: Flat and inverted nipples
 
 
 
 
 
| The nipple condition that we will discuss next is-
 
| The nipple condition that we will discuss next is-
 
 
flat or inverted nipples,
 
flat or inverted nipples,
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 326: Line 222:
  
 
Image: Normal nipple and inverted nipple.
 
Image: Normal nipple and inverted nipple.
 
 
 
 
|
 
|
 
* Flat nipples are not protruded from the level of the areola.
 
* Flat nipples are not protruded from the level of the areola.
 
Whereas,
 
Whereas,
 
* Inverted nipples are usually pointed in the inward direction.
 
* Inverted nipples are usually pointed in the inward direction.
 
 
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 345: Line 233:
  
 
Image: Correct latching.
 
Image: Correct latching.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
* It is very important for the mother to understand the fact that-
 
* It is very important for the mother to understand the fact that-
 
** flat or inverted nipple is not a hindrance to breastfeeding.
 
** flat or inverted nipple is not a hindrance to breastfeeding.
 
**since, during correct latching baby latches on to the areola and not on the nipple.
 
**since, during correct latching baby latches on to the areola and not on the nipple.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 360: Line 244:
  
 
Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.
 
Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Note that,
 
* Note that,
 
 
incase of flat or inverted nipples-
 
incase of flat or inverted nipples-
 
mother requires help in first week of delivery.  
 
mother requires help in first week of delivery.  
 
 
* During this period-
 
* During this period-
 
** health worker should guide the mother about correct latching.
 
** health worker should guide the mother about correct latching.
 
** this will build her confidence.
 
** this will build her confidence.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 380: Line 258:
  
 
Image: Semi-reclining position.
 
Image: Semi-reclining position.
 +
|
  
 
|
 
 
Remember,
 
Remember,
  
In case a mother has flat or inverted nipples then the best hold for effective attachment are-
+
In case a mother has flat or inverted nipples then the best holds for effective attachment are-
 
+
* '''Cross-cradle''' hold
* Cross cradle hold
+
* '''Football hold''' and  
* Football hold and  
+
 
*Semi-reclining position.
 
*Semi-reclining position.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|   
 
|   
Image: Groped image of holds.
+
Image: A groped image of holds.
  
 
Image: Position of baby’s lips and mother’s fingers.
 
Image: Position of baby’s lips and mother’s fingers.
 
 
 
 
| As explained in an earlier tutorial,
 
| As explained in an earlier tutorial,
  
Line 405: Line 276:
 
** mother should hold the breast in the correct manner,
 
** mother should hold the breast in the correct manner,
 
** where baby’s lips and mother’s fingers will be in the same direction.
 
** where baby’s lips and mother’s fingers will be in the same direction.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 412: Line 281:
  
 
Image: Sore nipples.
 
Image: Sore nipples.
 
 
 
| Note that,
 
| Note that,
 
incorrect latching will result into sore nipples.  
 
incorrect latching will result into sore nipples.  
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|   
 
|   
Line 423: Line 288:
  
 
Image: Feeding bottles.
 
Image: Feeding bottles.
 
 
 
| Remember-
 
| Remember-
 
+
* Do not use feeding bottles or nipple shields.
* Do not use feeding bottles or nipple shields,
+
 
+
 
* It will make it difficult for a baby to breastfeed from breasts having flat or inverted nipples.
 
* It will make it difficult for a baby to breastfeed from breasts having flat or inverted nipples.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: A mother carrying a baby with the green check mark.
 
Image: A mother carrying a baby with the green check mark.
  
Image: Oxytocin reflex.
+
Image: '''Oxytocin reflex'''.
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Mother should provide plenty of skin to skin contact to the baby.
 
* Mother should provide plenty of skin to skin contact to the baby.
** it helps stimulate oxytocin reflex in the mother and  
+
** it helps stimulate '''oxytocin reflex''' in the mother and  
 
** breast milk easily comes out.
 
** breast milk easily comes out.
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: Correct latching technique.
 
Image: Correct latching technique.
 
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
Always remember,  
 
Always remember,  
 
+
correct latching is the key to deal with most of these nipple conditions.
Correct latching is the key to deal with most of these nipple conditions.
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
Line 463: Line 311:
  
 
Image: Flat or inverted nipples.
 
Image: Flat or inverted nipples.
 
+
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on nipple conditions in lactating mothers.
 
+
In this tutorial, we learnt about-
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on nipple conditions in lactating mothers  
+
 
+
In this tutorial, we learnt about various breast conditions in lactating mothers such as,
+
 
+
 
* Sore or cracked nipples and  
 
* Sore or cracked nipples and  
 
* Flat or inverted nipples  
 
* Flat or inverted nipples  
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: The Spoken Tutorial Project logo.
 
Image: The Spoken Tutorial Project logo.
 
 
 
| This tutorial has been contributed by  
 
| This tutorial has been contributed by  
 
 
*Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay  
 
*Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay  
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Link to spoken tutorial project or NMEICT
 
Link to spoken tutorial project or NMEICT
 
 
 
| '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''is funded by''' NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.'''
 
| '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''is funded by''' NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.'''
 
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.
 
More information on this mission is available at this link.
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: WHEELS Global Foundation logo.
 
Image: WHEELS Global Foundation logo.
 
 
 
| This tutorial is partly funded by a generous contribution from WHEELS Global Foundation.
 
| This tutorial is partly funded by a generous contribution from WHEELS Global Foundation.
 
 
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 
Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Project logo.
 
Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Project logo.
 
 
 
|
 
|
* This tutorial is part of maa aur shishu poshan project.
+
* This tutorial is part of '''Maa aur Shishu Poshan project'''.
 
* The domain reviewers for this tutorial are-
 
* The domain reviewers for this tutorial are-
** Dr. Rupal Dalal, MD Pediatrics.
+
** '''Dr. Rupal Dalal''', MD Pediatrics.
** Dr. Taru Jindal, MS  Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
+
** '''Dr. Taru Jindal''', MS  Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
 
+
This is Nutritionist '''Rajani Sawant''' along with animator '''Arthi Anbalagan''' from''' IIT Bombay '''signing off.
This is Nutritionist Rajani Sawant along with animator Arthi Anbalagan from''' IIT Bombay '''signing off.
+
 
+
 
Thanks for joining.
 
Thanks for joining.
 
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 11:37, 15 February 2019

Visual cue
Narration
Title slide

Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on Nipple conditions in lactating mothers.

Image: Sore and cracked nipples.

Image: Flat and inverted nipples.

In this tutorial, we will learn about-
  • Sore or cracked nipples and
  • Flat or inverted nipples.

Image: Bleeding and cracked nipple.

Image: Dry nipples.

The first nipple condition is-

Sore or cracked nipples

  • It is a condition where mother develops cracked and bleeding nipples.
  • This causes the nipples to become itchy and dry.

Image: Symbol of cause.

Image: Nipple feeding.

Image: Fungal infection of breast.

Image: A mother is cleaning her nipple.

Now let’s discuss the various causes of sore or cracked nipples which are-

  • Nipple feeding,
  • Fungal or Bacterial infection,
  • Habit of cleaning the nipples after every feed and
  • Baby with tongue tie.
Image: Nipple feeding. Let us begin with the nipple feeding
Image: Sore or cracked nipples.

Image: Incorrect latching.

GIF of incorrect latching

Nipple feeding is the first and foremost cause of sore or cracked nipples.
  • During nipple feeding-
    • nipple gets rubbed onto the hard palate of the baby’s mouth.
    • baby pinches this nipple between the hard palate and the tongue.
    • this pinching makes the breastfeeding painful.
    • and results into sore or cracked nipple.

Image: Nipple feeding.

GIF of correct latching.

  • Nipple feeding is the result of improper latching.
  • Therefore correct latching plays an important role-
    • to avoid sore or cracked nipples due to nipple feeding.
Image: Correct latching technique. Note that,

We have discussed the correct latching technique in another tutorial of the same series.

Image: Sore or cracked nipple.

Image: Symbol of pain.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding a baby.

Remember

  • Sore or cracked nipples does hurt during correct latching,
  • If the mother continues with the correct latching technique-
    • then slowly and gradually it stops hurting.

Image: Fungal infection.

Image: A mother is talking to a doctor.

  • Next is fungal or bacterial infection,
    • If the mother has a fungal or bacterial infection she should consult the doctor.

Image: Mother is cleaning her nipples.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding to a baby.

Image: Dry nipples.

Image: Cracked nipples.

Next,
  • Some mothers have a habit of cleaning the nipples before every feed.
  • This causes dryness of nipples.
  • Thus, this routine should be avoided.

Image: A mother is taking a shower.

Image: Cracked nipples.

Image: A mother is applying the hindmilk on her breast.

Image: Mouth organisms.

Remember,
  • Mother can clean the nipples once during bath.
  • However, once cracked nipple has developed mother should clean it after every feed.
  • After cleaning, mother should apply her hindmilk on the wound.
  • As hind milk contain substances that aids in healing and fighting infection.
  • Thus, preventing the organisms from baby's mouth to leak into the crack of the nipple.

Image: Tongue tie. Image: Nipple feeding.

Next is the baby with tongue tie-

  • Tongue tie is a condition-
    • in which the tip of the baby’s tongue is attached to the inner bottom part of the mouth.
  • It is a very rare condition.
  • Nipple feeding is commonly observed in baby with tongue tie.

Image: Correct latching.

Image: Surgery.

Image: The mother and the doctor.

  • In case the baby has tongue tie then-
    • mere correct latching is not enough and
    • surgery is required.
    • thus in such cases, mother should always consult the doctor.

Image: A health worker is examining the mother’s breast.

Image: A mother is expressing the breast milk.

Image: Soften breasts.

Image: Nipple fissure.

Image: Mastitis breast.

Now let’s discuss the treatment for sore or cracked nipples

  • If a mother has sore or cracked nipples, then, the health worker should-
    • examine the mother’s breast and nipple,
    • tell the mother to express some breastmilk with her hand before breastfeeding.
    • it will soften the breast and baby will easily attach.
    • apart from these expressing will reduce the risk of infections, nipple fissure and mastitis.
    • then, guide the mother to attach her baby correctly to her breast.

Image: A mother is breastfeeding to a baby.

Remember,

  • Breastfeeding frequency is one of the factors which determines the breastmilk supply.
  • Therefore, mother should not stop breastfeeding.

Image: A Mother is expressing her breast milk.

Image: A spoon.

Image: A cup.

Image: A mother is applying hindmilk on her breast.

  • During breastfeeding-

She should begin to breastfeed on the side that hurts less.

  • If breastfeeding is still painful then-
    • she can express the breast milk using her hand and
    • feed it to the baby with a spoon or a cup.

Also,

  • Apply few drops of hindmilk onto the affected area after each feed, as discussed earlier.

Image: Soaps, lotions and perfumes.

Image: Sore or cracked nipples.

Remember, not to use the following on sore and cracked nipples and even on healthy nipples-

  • Soaps, oils, lotions, balms and perfumes.
  • They may contain irritants.
  • It will worsen the condition if a mother has sore or cracked nipples.

Image: A mother is talking to a doctor.

Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.

  • In severe conditions, mother should consult the doctor or the health worker.

Image: A baby is initiating the process of breastfeeding in breast crawl position

For preventing sore or cracked nipples,
  • start breastfeeding immediately after birth.

Image: Correct latching technique.

  • Always make sure that baby is latched on deeply while breastfeeding.

Image: Flat and inverted nipples

The nipple condition that we will discuss next is-

flat or inverted nipples,

Image: Normal nipple and flat nipple.

Image: Normal nipple and inverted nipple.

  • Flat nipples are not protruded from the level of the areola.

Whereas,

  • Inverted nipples are usually pointed in the inward direction.

Image: Flat or inverted nipples.

Image: Mother is breastfeeding a baby.

Image: Correct latching.

  • It is very important for the mother to understand the fact that-
    • flat or inverted nipple is not a hindrance to breastfeeding.
    • since, during correct latching baby latches on to the areola and not on the nipple.

Image: Calendar.

Image: Natural delivery.

Image: A health worker is guiding the mother.

  • Note that,

incase of flat or inverted nipples- mother requires help in first week of delivery.

  • During this period-
    • health worker should guide the mother about correct latching.
    • this will build her confidence.

Image: Cross-cradle hold.

Image: Football hold.

Image: Semi-reclining position.

Remember,

In case a mother has flat or inverted nipples then the best holds for effective attachment are-

  • Cross-cradle hold
  • Football hold and
  • Semi-reclining position.

Image: A groped image of holds.

Image: Position of baby’s lips and mother’s fingers.

As explained in an earlier tutorial,
  • In any hold, it is of utmost importance that-
    • mother should hold the breast in the correct manner,
    • where baby’s lips and mother’s fingers will be in the same direction.

Image: Incorrect latching.

Image: Sore nipples.

Note that,

incorrect latching will result into sore nipples.

Image: Nipple shields with the red cross mark.

Image: Feeding bottles.

Remember-
  • Do not use feeding bottles or nipple shields.
  • It will make it difficult for a baby to breastfeed from breasts having flat or inverted nipples.

Image: A mother carrying a baby with the green check mark.

Image: Oxytocin reflex.

  • Mother should provide plenty of skin to skin contact to the baby.
    • it helps stimulate oxytocin reflex in the mother and
    • breast milk easily comes out.

Image: Correct latching technique.

Always remember, correct latching is the key to deal with most of these nipple conditions.

Image: Sore or cracked nipples.

Image: Flat or inverted nipples.

This brings us to the end of this tutorial on nipple conditions in lactating mothers.

In this tutorial, we learnt about-

  • Sore or cracked nipples and
  • Flat or inverted nipples

Image: The Spoken Tutorial Project logo.

This tutorial has been contributed by
  • Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay

Link to spoken tutorial project or NMEICT

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

Image: WHEELS Global Foundation logo.

This tutorial is partly funded by a generous contribution from WHEELS Global Foundation.

Image: Maa aur Shishu Poshan Project logo.

  • This tutorial is part of Maa aur Shishu Poshan project.
  • The domain reviewers for this tutorial are-
    • Dr. Rupal Dalal, MD Pediatrics.
    • Dr. Taru Jindal, MS Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

This is Nutritionist Rajani Sawant along with animator Arthi Anbalagan from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Bellatony911, Rajani st