Health-and-Nutrition/C2/Essential-nutrition-actions-for-young-children/English

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Visual Cue
Narration
Title Slide Welcome to the spoken tutorial on essential nutrition actions
Collage: Steps In this tutorial we will learn about the best ways to prevent malnutrition.
Image: First 1000 days


Image: Infant


Image: Conception to the second birthday


Image: Malnutrition

Essential nutrition actions are a preventive approach to tackle malnutrition.


They are required during the first 1,000 days.


First 1,000 days start from conception to the second birthday of the baby.

Image: ENA Essential nutrition actionsare also known as ENA.
collage: Actions


Image: Delayed cord clamping


IMage: Additional iron


Image: feeling the pulse


IMage: Stop pulsating


Image: Delayed cord clamping


For a newborn, the first ENAto be done is delaying the clamping of the cord.


The umbilical cord should not be cut immediately after delivery.

The nurse should first feel the pulsation of the cord.

The cord should be cut when it stops pulsating.

IMage: improves baby's stores


Image: Prevention of anemia


IMage: Complementary food and iron rich food


Delayed cord clamping allows blood flow between placenta and the baby.


This may improve the iron store in the baby for the first 6 months.


Doing so prevents anemia in babies during these months.


After 6 months, iron rich food should be given through complementary food.

Along with complementary food, the baby should be breastfed until 2 years of age.

Image: Breastfeeding


Image: Place baby on abdomen


Image: babies finding mothers breast


Image: Breast crawl


After clamping the cord, the baby should be breastfed.


To do so, the baby should be placed on the mother's bare abdomen.


A baby is born with an instinctive feeding behavior.


With this behavior it can find the mother's breast and initiate breastfeeding.


This entire process is called breast crawl.


More about breast crawl has been explained in another tutorial.


Please visit our website for this tutorial.

Image: breastfeeding immediately after birth


Image: colostrum


Image: Breast milk


Image:Breast milk containing antibodies


Image: Good fats


It is important to start breastfeeding within one hour of birth.


The first milk is called the colostrum.


It is the primary source of nutrients for a newborn.


Colostrum has infection-fighting elements and good fat.


Image: Breast milk


Image: Eye health and immunity


Image: Vitamin A supplementation


Image: Vitamin A rich food


.


Breast milk is also the first source of vitamin A for the baby.


Vitamin A is vital for healthy eyes and immunity.


Breastmilk is enough to meet the vitamin A requirements for the first 6 months.


After 6 months, vitamin A rich complementary food should be given.

Image: correct latching


Image: Poor attachment


Image: very little milk


Image: baby getting sufficient milk


Image: Areola


For effective breastfeeding, correct latching is most important.


Poor attachment of the baby’s mouth to the breast will result in nipple feeding.


This will give very little milk to the baby.


Baby's mouth should attach to the lower part of the areola.


This way the baby will get sufficient milk.


Areola is the dark area around the nipple.

Image: correct technique


Breastfeeding techniques are discussed in other tutorials.
Image: 6 month old baby


Collage: Breastfeeding

Collage: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding

On completion of 6 months, the baby's nutrient requirement increases rapidly.


At this stageexclusive breastfeeding is not enough.


Complementary food should be introduced, along with breastfeeding.

Image: 6 month old baby


Collage: Puree, khichdi, finger foods

It should start as soon as the baby completes 6 months of age.


6 months of age does not mean the start of the 6th month of a baby’s life.


It means she has completed 6 months and has started the 7th month of her life.


Also, the quantity and consistency of the food should be changed as per the age.

Collage: cereals, millets, seeds, vegetables and fruits


Collage: Grains, roots, tubers


Collage: legumes, seeds, nuts


Collage: milk products


Collage: Non veg

A baby’s diet must include different food groups.


The first food group is grains, roots, and tubers.


Legumes, seeds, and nuts are the second group.


The third group is milk products. Meat, fish, and chicken are the fourth group.

Collage: Egg


Collage: Vitamin A rich food


Collage: Other fruits and vegetables


Image: Breastfeeding


Image: 8 food groups

Egg is the fifth group.


Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables are the sixth group.


The seventh group is other fruits and vegetables.


Lastly, breastfeeding is the eighth group but the most important one.


Ideally, a baby’s diet must include all 8 food groups.

Image: Growth


Collage: Complementary feeding

All these foods provide nutrients that help in the growth of the baby.

The details of complementary feeding have been discussed in another tutorial.

Please visit our website for this tutorial

Collage: supplements Let us now look at the supplements that should be given to the babies.

Image: Iron folic acid supplement


Image: Twice a week


Image: Vitamin A supplementation


Image: 9 months to 5 years

Image: Asha worker


From 6 months to 5 years, iron-folic acid supplements should be given.

It has to be given to babies twice a week by healthcare workers.

Vitamin A supplement should be given twice a year.


This supplement is given from 9 months to 5 years of age.


The supplements should be given under the guidance of a health care provider.

Collage: Diarrhea


Image: sodiumand potassiumloss


Image: Infant deaths


Collage: Diarrhea management


We will now see ENAto treat a baby having diarrhea.


Diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition.


It causes water loss and imbalance of sodiumand potassiumin the body.

In severe cases, infant deaths may also happen.


Hence, it is very important to treat diarrhea.

Image: ORSsachet


Image: Zinc supplementation


ORSand zinc supplements help in treating diarrhea.

ORSis Oral rehydration salts.

Itreplenishes the water and Sodium and potassium in the body.

Image: ORSsachet


Image: Boiled and cooled water

It is easily available in the market as powder form in packets.

To use it, mix one packet of ORS in 1 litre of boiled and cooled water.

Image: Zinc supplementation


Image: Diarrhea


Image: Immunity


Image: Zinc supplementation calendar


Image: 10 ml zinc


Image: 20 ml Zinc


Along with ORS, Zinc supplement is necessary too.

Zinc reduces the duration, frequency, and severity of diarrhea in children.


It improves the immunity of the baby.


It should be given once a day for 14 days.


10 milligrams of zinc per day should be given to babies below 6 months.


20 milligrams of zincper day should be given to 6 months old and above.

Image: Dissolving tablets


Image: Boiled and cooled water


Image: health care provider


Image: breastfeeding


Image: Complementary feeding


In a small spoon, dissolve Zinctablets in breast milk or ORS.

You may also use boiled and cooled water.

ORSand zinctablets should be given after consulting a healthcare provider.

Along with ORSand zinc, less than 6 month old babies should be breastfed.

6 to 24 month old babies should be breastfed and given complementary food.

Image: breastfeeding


Image: weight gain and recovery


Image: KMC


Remember a baby during sickness should be breastfed often.


It helps in faster recovery and weight gain.


It also comforts the sick baby.


With breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care should be provided to every baby.


Image: Kangaroo mother care


Kangaroo mother care is also recommended for low birth weight babies.


More about kangaroo mother care has been discussed in another tutorial.

Image: Increase food


Image: Appetite


Image: variety of foods


Collage: type 1 and type2


Image: Breastfeeding


Collage: type 1 and type2


If the baby is older than 6 months, increase the food to one and a half times.


Do this when the baby’s appetite comes back during the recovery period.


Encourage the baby to eat by offering a variety of foods.


Give her type 1 and type 2 nutrient-rich food as per her hunger cues.


More about type 1 and type 2 nutrients has been discussed in another tutorial.

Image: consulting doctor In severe conditions, the mother should consult a health worker immediately.
Image: Malnourished baby


Image: Nutrition rehabilitation center


Collage: Malnourished baby and healthy baby


Collage: Home cooked food and a health worker is talking to a mother


Image: A health worker talking

Health workers should refer the severely malnourished babies to the NRC.


NRC is anutrition rehabilitation center.


It is a unit for restoring the health of severely malnourished children.


This center provides specialized nutrition therapy to babies.


It makes them ready for home-cooked food if they have completed 6 months of age.


It also educates mothers about breastfeeding, child nutrition, and child care.

Collage: ENA


Follow the Essential Nutrition actions to keep the baby healthy.


They also help in preventing malnutrition in babies.

Acknowledgement slide


This brings us to the end of this tutorial.


Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Bellatony911