Difference between revisions of "Construction-of-Low-Cost-Houses/C2/Building-Wall-Foundation-using-Bricks/English"

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Build a foundation using common burnt clay bricks
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Title of the Script: '''Building wall foundation using bricks'''
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Title of the Script: '''Building wall foundation using bricks.'''
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+
  
 
Authors: Dr. Narsingh Varma, Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi
 
Authors: Dr. Narsingh Varma, Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi
  
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Keywords: bricks, conventional bricks, modular bricks, water, cement, sand, mortar, video tutorial.
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Key words: bricks, conventional bricks, modular bricks, water, cement, sand, mortar, video tutorial.
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230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm
 
230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm
  
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230 mm x110 mm x 30 mm
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230 mm x 110 mm x 30 mm
  
 
Modular bricks: size
 
Modular bricks: size
Line 136: Line 131:
 
Brick should have a perfectly rectangular shape with sharp edges.
 
Brick should have a perfectly rectangular shape with sharp edges.
  
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These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing and external walls.  
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These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing walls and external walls.  
  
 
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They have low strength and high water absorption capacity.
 
They have low strength and high water absorption capacity.
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|-
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17.overburnt bricks
 
17.overburnt bricks
  
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||Over burnt clay bricks
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Over burnt clay bricks
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|-
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|| Slide Number 5
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|| '''Slide Number 5'''
  
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Simple field tests on bricks
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'''Simple Field Tests on Bricks'''
 
|| Simple field tests on bricks.
 
|| Simple field tests on bricks.
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 +
Water absorption test
 +
 +
It determines the percentage of water absorbed by a brick when soaked in water.
 +
 +
 +
Let’s see the procedure of the test according to IS code: 3495-Part 2
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
||  18. Weighing brick
 
||  18. Weighing brick
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100 (W2-W1)/W1”
 
100 (W2-W1)/W1”
  
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|| Water absorption test
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|| Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1.
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+
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It determines the percentage of water absorbed by a brick when soaked in water.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
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Let’s see the procedure of the test according to IS code: 3495-Part 2
+
−
 
+
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Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1.
+
  
 
Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours.
 
Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours.
Line 214: Line 207:
 
The formula to calculate water absorption is:
 
The formula to calculate water absorption is:
  
−
100 (W2-W1)/W1.
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100(W2-W1)/W1.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| '''Slide number 6 +7'''
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|| '''Slide number 6 + 7'''
  
 
'''Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks'''
 
'''Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks'''
  
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||  Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20%
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||  Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20 percentage.
  
  
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Maximum water absorption for bricks above class 12.5 is 15%
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Maximum water absorption for bricks above class 12.5 is 15 percentage.
  
  
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These provisions are according to '''''IS code: 1077'''''
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These provisions are according to '''IS code: 1077'''.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| 13. Brickfall a
 
|| 13. Brickfall a
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Drop a brick flat on a hard surface from 1 meter height.
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Drop a brick flat on a hard surface from 1 metre height.
  
 
A good brick will not break.
 
A good brick will not break.
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14a. Scratch brick mp4
 
14a. Scratch brick mp4
  
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|| Hardness test
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|| Hardness Test
  
  
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|| Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall.
 
|| Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall.
  
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Design wall foundation details given below are according to '''IS code: 1080'''
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Design wall foundation details given below are according to '''IS code 1080'''
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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20. Brick work in steps
 
20. Brick work in steps
  
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|| Base course of brick work for footing B= W+300 in millimeter.
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|| Base course of brick work for footing B = W + 300 in millimeter.
  
 
Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth.  
 
Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth.  
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Minimum width of offset is 75 mm.
 
Minimum width of offset is 75 mm.
  
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Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2
+
Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2.
  
 
Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete.
 
Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete.
  
  
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Base concrete curing should be a minimum of 3 days .
+
Base concrete curing should be a minimum of 3 days.
  
 
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|-  
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8. Modular brick
 
8. Modular brick
 
|| Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks:
 
|| Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks:
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* B = 230+300 = 530mm thick
+
 
 +
* B = 230+300 = 530 mm thick
  
 
Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks.
 
Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks.
  
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Minimum foundation width,using modular bricks:  
+
Minimum foundation width, using modular bricks:  
  
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* B =190+ 300 = 490mm thick
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* B =190 + 300 = 490 mm thick
  
 
Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick.
 
Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| Slides Number 9
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|| '''Slide Number 9'''
  
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Mix proportioning of cement mortar
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'''Mix proportioning of Cement Mortar'''
  
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||Mix proportioning of cement mortar
  
 
Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation.
 
Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation.
  
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|-
  
 +
||
 
21. Cement bag
 
21. Cement bag
  
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32. Good mortar mix
 
32. Good mortar mix
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|| Mix proportioning of cement mortar
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|| 1 bag of cement, 3 boxes of sand and 15 litres of water.
  
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Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation.
+
The materials are mixed together in a GI tray.
−
 
+
−
1 bag of cement, 3 boxes of sand and 15 litres of water.
+
−
 
+
−
These materials are mixed together in a GI tray.
+
  
 
Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable.
 
Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable.
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|-
 
|-
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|| Slide number 10
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|| '''Slide Number 10'''
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 +
'''Construction Procedure'''
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 +
||Construction procedure for laying of bricks.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
All provisions mentioned are according to '''IS code 2212'''
 +
 
 +
|-
  
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23. Workplace bricks
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|| 23. Workplace bricks
  
 
24. Lines and pins
 
24. Lines and pins
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29. Brick wall with proper joint
 
29. Brick wall with proper joint
  
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|| Construction procedure for laying of bricks.
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|| Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace.
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+
−
 
+
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All provisions mentioned are according to '''IS code 2212'''
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace.
+
  
  
 
Fix foundation wall alignment using lines and pins.
 
Fix foundation wall alignment using lines and pins.
  
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Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both ends of the wall.
+
Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both the ends of the wall.
  
  
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Do not spread mortar on a full wall at a time.
 
Do not spread mortar on a full wall at a time.
  
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−
Lay the bricks with frogs downwards.
 
  
 
Provide 10 mm thick vertical joints.
 
Provide 10 mm thick vertical joints.
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Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers.
 
Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers.
  
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Immediate layers just one over the other should not have vertical joints in line.
 
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Write on the image as curing
 
|| Write on the image as curing
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Curing must be done by sprinkling water or by covering it with wet hessian cloth.
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Curing must be done by sprinkling water or by covering it with hessian cloth.
  
  
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32a. Headpan with mortar mix
 
32a. Headpan with mortar mix
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−
 
−
 
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−
 
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−
 
  
 
28. Brick wall with plinth
 
28. Brick wall with plinth
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29. Brick wall with proper joint
 
29. Brick wall with proper joint
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30. Curing
 
30. Curing
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Mortar must be fresh,workable and homogeneous.
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Mortar must be fresh, workable and homogeneous.
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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Mixed cement sand mortar must be consumed before any work break.
 
Mixed cement sand mortar must be consumed before any work break.
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−
 
−
 
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Regular wetting of masonry must be ensured.
 
Regular wetting of masonry must be ensured.
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Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks.
 
Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks.
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|-  
 
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'''About Spoken Tutorial project '''
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project '''
−
 
−
 
  
 
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
Please download and watch it.  
 
Please download and watch it.  
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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'''Forum for specific questions'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions'''
−
 
−
 
  
 
|| Please post your timed queries in this  
 
|| Please post your timed queries in this  

Latest revision as of 17:08, 13 March 2024

Title of the Script: Building wall foundation using bricks

Authors: Dr. Narsingh Varma, Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi

Keywords: bricks, conventional bricks, modular bricks, water, cement, sand, mortar, video tutorial.


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on Building wall foundation using bricks.
Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn about,


  • Materials used to build a wall foundation.
  • Classification of bricks.
  • Field Test on bricks.
  • Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks.
Slide Number 3

Pre-requisites

https://spoken-tutorial.org

To practise this tutorial, learners should be familiar with basic construction methods.


For the prerequisite tutorials, please visit this site.

1a.brick mortar and cement

1.Good quality bricks

2.Cement

3.Sand

4.Water 5.mortar

6a. Mortar mixed on concrete floor

Materials required to build a wall foundation are


Burnt clay bricks and cement mortar


Cement, sand and water are mixed together to make cement mortar.

Slide number 4

Types and characteristics of Bricks

Selecting bricks is an important criteria for brick wall foundation.

Let us now see about the types and characteristics of bricks .


According to IS code 1077 bricks are classified based on size and strength.

7.Conventional bricks

7a.Conventional bricks2

8.Modular brick

8a.Modular brick 2

Classification of burnt clay bricks based on the size

Conventional bricks: size

230 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm

230 mm x 110 mm x 30 mm

Modular bricks: size

190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm

190 mm x 90 mm x 40 mm.

9.classification of bricks image Based on compressive strength bricks are classified into different classes.

Brick Class designation is shown in this table.

10.well burnt bricks

11.brick struck

11.brick struck.mp4


12. Brick texture


1.good quality bricks

15. load bearing walls

15a. load bearing walls


Characteristics of good quality well Burnt Clay Bricks


Well burnt bricks should be without any cracks.

They should give a clear metallic sound when two bricks are struck together.

They should have uniform colour, and good texture.


Bricks should be of standard size.


Brick should have a perfectly rectangular shape with sharp edges.

These bricks are good for foundation, load bearing walls and external walls.

Under Burnt Clay Bricks


16.under burnt bricks

Under burnt clay bricks are dull in colour compared to well burnt bricks.

They have low strength and high water absorption capacity.

Over Burnt Clay Bricks


17.overburnt bricks

Over burnt clay bricks


They are irregular in shape as they get distorted due to over burning.


They have non-uniform colour and texture.


These are not good for coursed masonry construction.

Slide Number 5

Simple Field Tests on Bricks

Simple field tests on bricks.

Water absorption test

It determines the percentage of water absorbed by a brick when soaked in water.


Let’s see the procedure of the test according to IS code: 3495-Part 2

18. Weighing brick


18a. Soaking of bricks

18b. Soaking of bricks

18c. Bricks in water

18d. Wipe with cloth

18. Weighing brick


Write in base slide as “The formula to calculate water absorption is:

100 (W2-W1)/W1”

Weigh a completely dry brick, let its weight be W1.

Immerse the brick in water for 24 hours.

Take the brick out of water.


Wipe it with a wet cloth to remove traces of surface water.

Weigh the brick within 3 minutes of removal from water.


Let its weight be W2.

The formula to calculate water absorption is:

100(W2-W1)/W1.

Slide number 6 + 7

Permissible Water Absorption of Bricks

Maximum water absorption for bricks of class 12.5 and below is 20 percentage.


Maximum water absorption for bricks above class 12.5 is 15 percentage.


Lesser the water absorption, better is the quality of brick.


Hence bricks above class 12.5 have better quality.


These provisions are according to IS code: 1077.

13. Brickfall a

13. Brick fall b

13. Brick wall a- potrait

13. Brick wall b- potrait

Strength Test


Drop a brick flat on a hard surface from 1 metre height.

A good brick will not break.


Scratch surface of brick with nail.


14. Scratch brick


14a. Scratch brick mp4

Hardness Test


Scratch surface of brick with nail.

Scratch impressions will not be formed on the surface of a good brick.

Slide number 8

Foundation design

Let’s discuss foundation design and preparatory work for construction of a wall.

Design wall foundation details given below are according to IS code 1080

19a. Width of wall foundation

19b. Width of wall foundation

19c. Width of wall foundation

19d. Width of wall foundation

20. Brick work in steps

Base course of brick work for footing B = W + 300 in millimeter.

Where W is the width of the wall above the plinth.

Foundation masonry is done in steps.

Minimum thickness at the end is 150 mm.

Minimum width of offset is 75 mm.

Maximum ratio of step thickness and offset should be 2.

Brick work for foundation should start after curing the base concrete.


Base concrete curing should be a minimum of 3 days.

7. Conventional brick


8. Modular brick

Minimum foundation width, using conventional bricks:
  • B = 230+300 = 530 mm thick

Where 230 mm is the length of conventional bricks.

Minimum foundation width, using modular bricks:

  • B =190 + 300 = 490 mm thick

Where 190 mm is the length of modular brick.

Slide Number 9

Mix proportioning of Cement Mortar

Mix proportioning of cement mortar

Cement mortar mixture 1:3 is used for laying the brick wall foundation.

21. Cement bag

21a. 3 box of sand

21b. Water

21c. Cement water in GI tray

32. Good mortar mix

1 bag of cement, 3 boxes of sand and 15 litres of water.

The materials are mixed together in a GI tray.

Add more water if needed to make the mortar homogeneous and workable.

A good homogeneous mix will have all sand grains coated with cement.

Slide Number 10

Construction Procedure

Construction procedure for laying of bricks.


All provisions mentioned are according to IS code 2212

23. Workplace bricks

24. Lines and pins

24a. Lines and pi


28. Brick wall with plinth

29. Brick wall with proper joint

Remove the soaked bricks from the soaking tank and store near the workplace.


Fix foundation wall alignment using lines and pins.

Foundation masonry should start simultaneously from both the ends of the wall.


Lay the cement mortar 12 mm thick for a small length and proceed with laying bricks.


Do not spread mortar on a full wall at a time.


Provide 10 mm thick vertical joints.

Joints should be symmetrically staggered in subsequent layers.

Write on the image as curing


30. Curing

30a.Curing of bricks

Curing


Curing must be done by sprinkling water or by covering it with hessian cloth.


Curing of brick work must be done for a minimum of 14 days.

31. Surface dry bricks


32. Good mortar mix

32a. Headpan with mortar mix

28. Brick wall with plinth


29. Brick wall with proper joint

30. Curing

30a. Curing of bricks

Quality control


Bricks being used must be surface dry but fully saturated with water.


Mortar must be fresh, workable and homogeneous.


Vertical joints of immediate lower or higher course should not be in the same line.


All joints must be fully filled with mortar.

Mixed cement sand mortar must be consumed before any work break.


Regular wetting of masonry must be ensured.


With this we come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise.
Slide Number 11

Summary

In this tutorial we have learnt about,

Materials used to build a wall foundation.

Classification of bricks.

Field Test on bricks.

Steps to build a wall foundation using burnt clay bricks.

Slide Number 12

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 13

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:

conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 14

Forum for specific questions

Please post your timed queries in this

forum.

Slide Number 15

Acknowledgement

The Spoken Tutorial Project was established by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.


Slide Number 16

Thank you

This tutorial is contributed by Dr. Narsingh Varma,Chitra Devi and Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay


Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig

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