Difference between revisions of "CircuitJS/C2/Kirchhoff's-Law/English"
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
'''System Requirement''' | '''System Requirement''' | ||
|| To record this tutorial, I am using: | || To record this tutorial, I am using: | ||
| − | * '''Ubuntu Linux '''20.04 OS | + | * '''Ubuntu Linux ''' 20.04 OS |
* '''CircuitJS '''Application | * '''CircuitJS '''Application | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
Where I is the current flowing in the circuit. | Where I is the current flowing in the circuit. | ||
| − | Note : Voltage drops across resistors R1, R2 and R3 are calculated as I x R1, I x R2 and I x R3 respectively. | + | Note: Voltage drops across resistors R1, R2 and R3 are calculated as I x R1, I x R2 and I x R3 respectively. |
|- | |- | ||
|| '''Slide 6:''' | || '''Slide 6:''' | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
Current Law.png | Current Law.png | ||
||'''Kirchhoff'''’s '''Current''' Law states that, | ||'''Kirchhoff'''’s '''Current''' Law states that, | ||
| − | *The sum of currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction. | + | * The sum of currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction. |
I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> are entering currents at the junction and I<sub>3</sub>, I<sub>4</sub> and I<sub>5</sub> are leaving currents. | I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> are entering currents at the junction and I<sub>3</sub>, I<sub>4</sub> and I<sub>5</sub> are leaving currents. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| − | |||
'''Kirchhoff’s Law.png''' | '''Kirchhoff’s Law.png''' | ||
| − | || Let’s make this complex circuit with 2 DC sources to verify '''Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Law'''s. | + | || Let’s make this complex circuit with 2 DC power sources to verify '''Kirchhoff's Voltage''' and '''Current Law'''s. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 63: | Line 62: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || | + | || Point to the menu bar. |
| − | + | ||
| − | Point to the menu bar. | + | |
Click on '''File''' and select '''New Blank Circuit.''' | Click on '''File''' and select '''New Blank Circuit.''' | ||
| − | || Let us open the '''circuitJS '''interface. | + | || Let us open the '''circuitJS ''' interface. |
| − | In the menu bar, click on '''File''' and select '''New Blank Circuit | + | In the menu bar, click on '''File''' and select '''New Blank Circuit'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| Click on the '''Draw''' option and select '''Add resistor.''' | || Click on the '''Draw''' option and select '''Add resistor.''' | ||
| Line 89: | Line 86: | ||
|| We need a total of 5 resistors of the same value for the circuit. | || We need a total of 5 resistors of the same value for the circuit. | ||
| − | Right-click on the resistor, | + | Right-click on the resistor, and select the '''Duplicate '''option. |
This will generate a resistor of the same value. | This will generate a resistor of the same value. | ||
| Line 99: | Line 96: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Use Add Text option for label | || Use Add Text option for label | ||
| − | + | || Use the '''Add Text''' option to give labels to these resistors. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | || | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | Use the '''Add Text''' option to give labels to these resistors. | + | |
Give labels as R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 respectively as shown here. | Give labels as R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 respectively as shown here. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || | + | || Show the path to find the DC power supply |
| − | + | ||
| − | Show the path to find the DC power supply | + | |
Click on '''Draw''', go to''' Inputs and Sources''', >> select '''Add Voltage Source (2-terminal).''' | Click on '''Draw''', go to''' Inputs and Sources''', >> select '''Add Voltage Source (2-terminal).''' | ||
| Line 119: | Line 110: | ||
Drag and draw the DC power supply in the work area. | Drag and draw the DC power supply in the work area. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || | + | || Duplicate the DC power supply, |
| − | + | ||
| − | Duplicate the DC power supply, | + | |
Right-click on the DC power supply, >> choose the '''Duplicate '''option. | Right-click on the DC power supply, >> choose the '''Duplicate '''option. | ||
| Line 127: | Line 116: | ||
|| Right-click on the DC power supply, and choose the '''Duplicate '''option. | || Right-click on the DC power supply, and choose the '''Duplicate '''option. | ||
| − | Now you | + | Now you will have two DC power supplies in the work area. |
Arrange and place the DC power supplies in the circuit as shown here. | Arrange and place the DC power supplies in the circuit as shown here. | ||
| Line 159: | Line 148: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| point the cursor on the specific resistor | || point the cursor on the specific resistor | ||
| − | |||
|| To find the characteristics, point the cursor on the specific resistor. | || To find the characteristics, point the cursor on the specific resistor. | ||
| Line 167: | Line 155: | ||
Kirchoff's law final slide.png | Kirchoff's law final slide.png | ||
| − | || According to Kirchhoff's voltage law | + | || According to Kirchhoff's voltage law, |
For circuit ABFG, the equation is | For circuit ABFG, the equation is | ||
| Line 177: | Line 165: | ||
V2 = - (I<sub>2</sub>R2 + I<sub>3</sub>R5 + I<sub>2</sub>R4) | V2 = - (I<sub>2</sub>R2 + I<sub>3</sub>R5 + I<sub>2</sub>R4) | ||
| − | Since current I<sub>2</sub> flows in anti-clockwise direction, we have to assign a -(minus)sign in the equation. | + | Since current I<sub>2</sub> flows in an anti-clockwise direction, we have to assign a -(minus)sign in the equation. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
|| Let us note down the current flowing through various resistors. | || Let us note down the current flowing through various resistors. | ||
| − | To find the value of I<sub>1</sub>, click on the R1 or R3 | + | To find the value of I<sub>1</sub>, click on the R1 or R3 resistors. |
| − | We can see that the value of I<sub>1 </sub>is 1.25 milli-Ampere at the | + | We can see that the value of I<sub>1 </sub>is 1.25 milli-Ampere at the bottom right corner of the screen. |
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
| Line 257: | Line 245: | ||
| − | According to Kirchhoff’s current Law formula, at Junction B, | + | According to Kirchhoff’s current Law formula, at Junction B, currents I1 and I2 enter and current I3 leaves. |
| − | Similarly, at junction F, current I<sub>3</sub> enters, and I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> leave. | + | Similarly, at junction F, current I<sub>3</sub> enters, and currents I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> leave. |
Thus Kirchhoff’s current law is verified. | Thus Kirchhoff’s current law is verified. | ||
| Line 270: | Line 258: | ||
Summary | Summary | ||
|| In this tutorial, we learnt about | || In this tutorial, we learnt about | ||
| − | * Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law | + | * Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and |
* Kirchhoff’s Current Law. | * Kirchhoff’s Current Law. | ||
| Line 279: | Line 267: | ||
|| As an assignment, | || As an assignment, | ||
| − | * In the above circuit, change the value of V1 to | + | * In the above circuit, change the value of V1 to 12 Volts and value of R5 to 4 Kilo Ohms. |
* Keep the values same for other components in the circuit. | * Keep the values same for other components in the circuit. | ||
* Verify Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current laws | * Verify Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current laws | ||
Latest revision as of 17:14, 6 December 2023
| Visual Cue | Narration |
| Slide:1
Title slide |
Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on Kirchhoff's Law using Circuitjs simulator. |
| Slide 2:
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn about,
|
| Slide 3:
System Requirement |
To record this tutorial, I am using:
|
| Slide 4:
Prerequisite |
To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of,
|
| Slide 5:
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law Voltage Law.png |
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that,
Where I is the current flowing in the circuit. Note: Voltage drops across resistors R1, R2 and R3 are calculated as I x R1, I x R2 and I x R3 respectively. |
| Slide 6:
Kirchhoff’s Current Law Current Law.png |
Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that,
I1 and I2 are entering currents at the junction and I3, I4 and I5 are leaving currents. |
|
Kirchhoff’s Law.png |
Let’s make this complex circuit with 2 DC power sources to verify Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Laws. |
For Kirchhoff’s Law circuit, we require,
| |
| Point to the menu bar.
Click on File and select New Blank Circuit. |
Let us open the circuitJS interface.
In the menu bar, click on File and select New Blank Circuit. |
| Click on the Draw option and select Add resistor.
Click and drag to draw a resistor. |
Click on the Draw option and select Add resistor.
Click and drag to draw a resistor as shown. By default, the value of this resistor is 1 Kilo Ohm. |
| Duplicate the resistor.
Right-click on the resistor, >> select the Duplicate option. |
We need a total of 5 resistors of the same value for the circuit.
Right-click on the resistor, and select the Duplicate option. This will generate a resistor of the same value. Repeat this process until you have 5 resistors in the work area. Connect and place all the resistors in the same way as shown here. |
| Use Add Text option for label | Use the Add Text option to give labels to these resistors.
Give labels as R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 respectively as shown here. |
| Show the path to find the DC power supply
Click on Draw, go to Inputs and Sources, >> select Add Voltage Source (2-terminal). |
Now we need two DC power supplies to power up the circuit.
Click on Draw, go to Inputs and Sources, and select Add Voltage Source (2-terminal). Drag and draw the DC power supply in the work area. |
| Duplicate the DC power supply,
Right-click on the DC power supply, >> choose the Duplicate option. |
Right-click on the DC power supply, and choose the Duplicate option.
Now you will have two DC power supplies in the work area. Arrange and place the DC power supplies in the circuit as shown here. |
| Name the power supplies | Refer to the circuit diagram shown above to check the polarity of the DC power source.
Use the Add Text option to label these power supplies. Name the power supplies as V1 and V2 as shown here. |
| For better understanding, we will denote a letter to each of the junctions in the circuit.
Use the Add Text option to denote a letter. Name these junctions as A, B, C, D, F and G as shown. | |
| Point to ABFG circuit | The circuit ABFG, consists of resistors R1, R5, R3 and power supply V1.
The current I1 flows in a clockwise direction in this circuit. |
| Point to CBFD circuit | The circuit CBFD, consists of resistors R2, R5, R4 and power supply V2.
The current I2 flows in an anti-clockwise direction in this circuit. And, the current I3 flows through R5 resistor. |
| point the cursor on the specific resistor | To find the characteristics, point the cursor on the specific resistor.
The resistor characteristics are shown at the bottom right corner. |
| Slide 7:
Kirchoff's law final slide.png |
According to Kirchhoff's voltage law,
For circuit ABFG, the equation is V1 = I1R1 + I3R5 + I1R3 For circuit CBFD, the equation is V2 = - (I2R2 + I3R5 + I2R4) Since current I2 flows in an anti-clockwise direction, we have to assign a -(minus)sign in the equation. |
| Let us note down the current flowing through various resistors.
To find the value of I1, click on the R1 or R3 resistors. We can see that the value of I1 is 1.25 milli-Ampere at the bottom right corner of the screen. | |
| Likewise, click on the R2 or R4 resistors.
The value of I2 is 1.25 milli-Ampere. Similarly, to find the value of I3, click on the R5 resistor. The value of I3 is 2.5 milli-Ampere. | |
| In this circuit, value of all resistors, that is, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is 1 Kilo Ohm. | |
| Now let us do the calculation and find the value of V1 and V2.
And also check if Kirchhoff's voltage law holds true for this circuit. | |
| Slide 8:
Verification of Kirchhoff's voltage law V1 = I1R1 + I3R5 + I1R3, V1 = 1.25 + 2.5 + 1.25 = 5 V2 = - (I2R2 + I3R5 + I2R4) V2 = -(1.25 + 2.5 + 1.25 ) = -5 |
Verification of Kirchhoff's voltage law:
After substituting the above values, V1 is 5 volts V2 is -5 volts Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law formula is: V = V1 + V2 V = 5 + (- 5 ) ( Five plus minus of five) V = 0 Here, the sum of all the voltages in the closed circuit is 0. Hence Kirchhoff’s voltage law is verified. |
| Slide 9:
Verification of Kirchhoff’s Current Law I1 = 1.25mA I2 = 1.25mA I3 = 2.5mA Image: Kirchoffs law final slide.png |
Verification of Kirchhoff’s Current Law:
Substitute the above values in the current law equation. Kirchhoff’s Current Law formula is: I1 + I2 = I3. 1.25mA + 1.25mA = 2.5mA
Similarly, at junction F, current I3 enters, and currents I1 and I2 leave. Thus Kirchhoff’s current law is verified. |
| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize. | |
| Slide 10:
Summary |
In this tutorial, we learnt about
|
| Slide 11:
Assignment 1 |
As an assignment,
|
| Slide 12:
About Spoken Tutorial project |
The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
| Slide 13 :
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.
For more details, please write to us. |
| Slide 14:
Forum for specific questions |
Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
| Slide 15:
Acknowledgement |
Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India |
| Slide 16:
Thank you |
This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.
Thank you for watching. |
