Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C4/Function-Call/English-timed"

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{| border=1
+
{| border = 1
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|| ''Time'''
+
 
−
|| '''Narration'''
+
|'''Time'''
 +
 
 +
|'''Narration'''
 +
 
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:02
+
| 00.01
−
| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Function call in C and C++'''
+
|Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Function calls in C and C++
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:08
+
| 00.07
−
| In this tutorial we will learn about type of function calls namely, call by value.
+
|In this tutorial we will learn about type of function calls namely
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:15
+
| 00.13
−
|call by reference.
+
|call by value.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:17
+
| 00.14
−
|We will do this through an example.
+
|call by reference.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:20
+
| 00.16
−
| To record this tutorial, I am using'''Ubuntu Operating system''' version 11.10'''gcc''' and g'''++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 
+
|We will do this through an example.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|00:32
+
| 00.19
−
|Let us start with the introduction to '''functions call by value'''
+
|To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Operating system version 11.10
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:37
+
| 00.26
−
|It is a method of passing '''arguments''' to the function.
+
|gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:40
+
| 00.31
−
|When we pass a variable by value it makes a copy of the variable.
+
| Let us start with the introduction to functions call by value
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:46
+
| 00.35
−
|Before passing to the function.
+
|It is a method of passing arguments to the function.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:49
+
| 00.40
−
|Changes made to the arguments inside the function will remain in the function.
+
| When we pass a variable by value it makes a copy of the variable.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:55
+
| 00.45
−
|It will not be affected outside the function.
+
|Before passing to the function.
 +
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00:59
+
|00.48
−
| Let us see a program on function call by value.
+
|Changes made to the arguments inside the function will remain in the function.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:02
+
|00.54
−
|I have already typed the program on the editor.  i will just open it.
+
|It will not be affected outside the function.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:08
+
|00.58
−
| Please note our filename is '''callbyval.c'''.
+
|Let us see a program on function call by value.  
  
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:13
+
| 01.02
−
|In this program we will calculate the cube of a number. Let me explain the code now.
+
|I have already typed the program on the editor. I will just open it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:20
+
| 01.08
−
|   This is our '''header file'''
+
| Please note our filename is callbyval.c.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:22
+
| 01.13
−
| Here we have function''' cube '''having''' '''an''' argument '''as''' int x.'''
+
|In this program we will calculate the cube of a number. Let me explain the code now.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:28
+
| 01.19
−
|In this function we calculate the cube of '''x''' and return the value of '''x'''.''' '''
+
|This is our header file
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:34
+
| 01.21
−
| This is our '''main function.'''
+
|Here we have function cube having an argument as int x.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:37
+
| 01.27
−
|   Here we give the value of '''n''' as '''8.''' '''n''' is an integer variable
+
|In this function we calculate the cube of x and return the value of x.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:44
+
| 01.33
−
|   Then we call the function''' cube.'''
+
|This is our main function.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:46
+
|01.36
−
|And print the value of''' n '''and the cube of''' n.'''
+
|Here we give the value of n as 8. n is an integer variable
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:50
+
| 01.43
−
| And  This is our return statement.
+
|Then we call the function cube.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:53
+
| 01.45
−
| Now let us execute the program.  
+
|And print the value of n and the cube of n.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| 01.49
 +
|And this is our return statement.  
  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01:55
+
| 01.52
−
| open the terminal window by pressing '''' Ctrl, Alt and T''' keys simultaneously on  your keyboard.
+
|Now let us execute the program.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:03
+
|01.54
−
| | To compile  , type
+
|open the terminal window by pressing ' Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:04
+
|02.02
−
|'''gcc callbyval.c -o val'''. Press''' Enter'''
+
|To compile , type gcc space callbyval.c space hyphen o space val. Press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:13
+
|02.12
−
|Now type '''./val'''.Press''' Enter'''
+
|Now type dot slash val.Press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:17
+
|02.16
−
|The output is displayed as '''Cube of 8 is 512.'''
+
|The output is displayed as Cube of 8 is 512.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:23  
+
|02.23
−
| Now we will see function call by reference.
+
|Now we will see function call by reference.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:27
+
|02.26
−
|Let us go back to our slides.
+
|Let us go back to our slides.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:29
+
| 02.29
−
| It is another method of passing '''arguments''' to the function.
+
|It is another method of passing arguments to the function.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:34
+
| 02.33
−
|This method copies the address of the argument instead of the value.
+
| This method copies the address of the argument instead of the value.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:40
+
| 02.39
−
|Changes made to the arguments inside a function can affect them outside.
+
|Changes made to the arguments inside a function can affect them outside.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:46
+
|02.45
−
|In this we need to declare the arguments as pointer type.
+
|In this we need to declare the arguments as pointer type.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:51
+
| 02.50
−
|   Let us see an example on function call by reference.
+
| Let us see an example on function call by reference.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
+
| 02.54
 +
|Note that our filename is callbyref.c
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:55
+
| 02.59
−
| Note that our filename is '''callbyref.c'''
+
|This is our header file as stdio.h
  
−
+
|-
 +
| 03.03
 +
|Then we have function swap
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02:59
+
| 03.06
−
| This is our headerfile as '''stdio.h'''
+
|This function will exchange the values of the variables.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:03
+
| 03.10
−
| Then we have function '''swap'''
+
|Value of a will be stored in value of b and vice-versa.
  
 +
|-
 +
| 03.15
 +
|You can see that the arguments passed in the function are pointer type.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:06
+
| 03.21
−
|This function will exchange the values of the variables.
+
|Here we have declared an integer variable t.
  
 +
|-
 +
| 03.25
 +
|First value of a is stored in t.
  
−
|-
 
−
| 03:11
 
−
|Value of ''' *a ''' will be  stored  in value of  '''*b'''  and vice-versa.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:16
+
| 03.28
−
|You can see that the''' arguments '''passed in the function are''' pointer type.'''
+
|Then value of b is stored in a.
−
|-
+
−
| 03:22
+
−
|  Here we have declared an '''integer''' variable '''t.'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:25
+
| 03.32
−
| First value of ''' *a ''' is stored in '''t.'''
+
| And then value of t is stored in b  
−
|-
+
−
| 03:29
+
−
|Then value of ''' *b ''' is stored in ''' *a.'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:33
+
| 03.37
−
|And Then value of '''t''' is stored in ''' *b '''.
+
| Like this the values are exchanged.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:37 
+
| 03.40
−
|Like this  the values are exchanged.
+
|This is our main function.  
−
|-
+
−
|  03:40
+
−
| This is our '''main''' function.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:43
+
| 03.42
−
| Here we have declared two integer variables as '''i and j''' .
+
|Here we have declared two integer variables as i and j .  
 +
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:49
+
| 03.49
−
| Then we take the values of ''' i and j''' as user inputs.
+
|Then we take the values of i and j as user inputs.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03:54
+
| 03.53
−
|'''&i''' and '''&j''' will give the memory address of '''i''' and '''j.'''
+
|Ampersand i and Ampersand j will give the memory address of i and j.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:00
+
| 03.59
−
|   First we print the values before swapping.
+
|First we print the values before swapping.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:05
+
| 04.04
−
| Then we call the function '''swap'''
+
|Then we call the function swap
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:07
+
| 04.06
−
| And then we print the values after swapping.
+
|And then we print the values after swapping.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:11
+
| 04.10
−
|And This is our return statement.
+
|And this is our return statement.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:14
+
| 04.13
−
|Now let us execute the program
+
| Now let us execute the program  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:17
+
| 04.16
−
|Switch back to our terminal
+
| Switch back to our terminal  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:19
+
| 04.19
−
| To compile type
+
|To compile type gcc space callbyref dot c space hyphen o space ref. Press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:22
+
| 04.29
−
|'''gcc callbyref.c -o ref'''. Press ''' Enter'''
+
|Now type dot slash ref. Press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:30
+
| 04.33
−
|Now type''' ./ref'''.  Press ''' Enter'''
+
|We see, enter the values I will enter as 6 and 4
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:34
+
| 04.40
−
| We see, enter the values I will enter as '''6''' and '''4'''
+
|The output is displayed as,before swapping 6 and 4
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:40
+
| 04.44
−
| The output is displayed as,before swapping''' 6 '''and''' 4'''
+
|After swapping 4 and 6
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:45
+
| 04.48
−
|After swapping''' 4 '''and''' 6'''
+
|Now let us see how to execute the same program in C++
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:48
+
| 04.53
−
| NOW LET US SEE HOW TO EXECUTE THE SAME PROGRAM IN C++
+
|I have the code, lets go through it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:53
+
| 04.57
−
|I have the code, lets go through it.
+
|This is the second program function callbyreference .  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04:58
+
| 05.01
−
| This is the second program '''function callbyreference '''.
+
|Note that our filename is callbyref.cpp
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:02
+
| 05.06
−
| Note that our filename is '''callbyref.cpp'''
+
|Let us go through the code
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:07
+
| 05.08
−
|Let us go through the code now
+
|This is our header file as iostream  
−
|-
+
−
| 05:09
+
−
| This is ou header file as ''' iostream '''
+
−
 
+
−
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:13
+
| 05.12
−
|Here we are   using the '''std namespace'''
+
|Here we are using the std namespace
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:16
+
| 05.16
−
| The function declaration is same in C++.
+
|The function declaration is same in C++.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:20
+
| 05.19
−
|In this we pass the arguments as '''&x''' and '''&y'''.
+
|In this we pass the arguments as ampersand x and ampersand y.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:25
+
| 05.25
−
|This will give the memory address of '''x''' and '''y'''.
+
| This will give the memory address of x and y.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:30
+
| 05.29
−
|Then we swap the values.
+
|Then we swap the values.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:33
+
| 05.32
−
| Rest of the code is similar to our C code.
+
|Rest of the code is similar to our C code.  
 +
 
 +
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:37
+
| 05.36
−
|The '''printf'''  statement is replaced by '''cout'''  and the '''scanf''' statement is replaced by  ''cin '''
+
|The printf' statement is replaced by cout and the scanf statement is replaced by cin  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:44
+
| 05.44
−
| Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal
+
|Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05:49
+
| 05.48
−
| To compile type;   '''g++callbyref.cpp -o ref1''' press''' Enter'''
+
|To compile type; g++ space callbyref.cpp space hyphen o space ref1, press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:01
+
| 06.00
−
| Now Type '''./ref1''', Press ''' Enter'''
+
|Now Type dot slash ref1, Press Enter
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:06
+
| 06.05
−
| Here it is displayed as:  
+
|Here it is displayed as:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:07
+
| 06.07
−
|'''Enter values of a and b'''
+
|Enter values of a and b
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:10
+
| 06.10
−
|I will enter as '''4'''  and '''3'''
+
|I will enter as 4 and 3
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:14
+
| 06.13
−
|The output is displayed
+
|The output is displayed  
 +
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:16
+
| 06.15
−
|'''Before swapping a and b: 4 and 3'''
+
|Before swapping a and b 4 and 3
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:20
+
| 06.19
−
|'''After swapping a and b: 3 and 4'''
+
|After swapping a and b 3 and 4
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|   06:24
+
| 06.23
−
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
+
|This brings us to the end of this tutorial.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:27
+
| 06.26
−
|Let us go back to our slides.
+
|Let us go back to our slides.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:30
+
| 06.30
−
| Let us summarize, In this tutorial we learn't:
+
|Let us summarize, In this tutorial we learn't:  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:33
+
| 06.32
−
|Function call by value.
+
|Function call by value.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:35
+
| 06.34
−
|And Function call by reference.
+
|And Function call by reference.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:38
+
| 06.37
−
| As an assignment
+
|As an assignment  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:39
+
| 06.38
−
|Write a similar program to calculate the cube of a number.
+
|Write a similar program to calculate the cube of a number.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:43
+
| 06.42
−
|Using call by value in C++.
+
|Using call by value in C++.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:47
+
| 06.46
−
| Watch the video available at the link shown below ,http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial
+
|Watch the video available at the link shown below
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:50
+
| 06.49
−
|It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project  
+
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:53
+
| 06.52
−
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
+
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:57
+
| 06.56
−
| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  
+
|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06:59
+
| 06.58
 
|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
 
|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:02
+
|07.01
 
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
 
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:05
+
| 07.05
−
|For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
|For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:12
+
| 07.11
−
| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
+
|Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:16
+
| 07.15
 
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
 
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:23
+
| 07.23
−
|More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
+
|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07:27
+
| 07.27
−
|   This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay. Signing off.
+
| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off  
  
−
Thank You for joining
+
|-
−
 
+
| 07.31
−
|}
+
|Thank You for joining.

Revision as of 16:29, 22 November 2013

Time Narration


00.01 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Function calls in C and C++
00.07 In this tutorial we will learn about type of function calls namely
00.13 call by value.
00.14 call by reference.
00.16 We will do this through an example.
00.19 To record this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu Operating system version 11.10
00.26 gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1
00.31 Let us start with the introduction to functions call by value
00.35 It is a method of passing arguments to the function.
00.40 When we pass a variable by value it makes a copy of the variable.
00.45 Before passing to the function.


00.48 Changes made to the arguments inside the function will remain in the function.
00.54 It will not be affected outside the function.
00.58 Let us see a program on function call by value.
01.02 I have already typed the program on the editor. I will just open it.
01.08 Please note our filename is callbyval.c.
01.13 In this program we will calculate the cube of a number. Let me explain the code now.
01.19 This is our header file
01.21 Here we have function cube having an argument as int x.
01.27 In this function we calculate the cube of x and return the value of x.
01.33 This is our main function.
01.36 Here we give the value of n as 8. n is an integer variable
01.43 Then we call the function cube.
01.45 And print the value of n and the cube of n.
01.49 And this is our return statement.


01.52 Now let us execute the program.
01.54 open the terminal window by pressing ' Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
02.02 To compile , type gcc space callbyval.c space hyphen o space val. Press Enter
02.12 Now type dot slash val.Press Enter
02.16 The output is displayed as Cube of 8 is 512.
02.23 Now we will see function call by reference.
02.26 Let us go back to our slides.
02.29 It is another method of passing arguments to the function.
02.33 This method copies the address of the argument instead of the value.
02.39 Changes made to the arguments inside a function can affect them outside.
02.45 In this we need to declare the arguments as pointer type.
02.50 Let us see an example on function call by reference.
02.54 Note that our filename is callbyref.c
02.59 This is our header file as stdio.h
03.03 Then we have function swap
03.06 This function will exchange the values of the variables.
03.10 Value of a will be stored in value of b and vice-versa.
03.15 You can see that the arguments passed in the function are pointer type.
03.21 Here we have declared an integer variable t.
03.25 First value of a is stored in t.
03.28 Then value of b is stored in a.
03.32 And then value of t is stored in b
03.37 Like this the values are exchanged.
03.40 This is our main function.
03.42 Here we have declared two integer variables as i and j .


03.49 Then we take the values of i and j as user inputs.
03.53 Ampersand i and Ampersand j will give the memory address of i and j.
03.59 First we print the values before swapping.
04.04 Then we call the function swap
04.06 And then we print the values after swapping.
04.10 And this is our return statement.
04.13 Now let us execute the program
04.16 Switch back to our terminal
04.19 To compile type gcc space callbyref dot c space hyphen o space ref. Press Enter
04.29 Now type dot slash ref. Press Enter
04.33 We see, enter the values I will enter as 6 and 4
04.40 The output is displayed as,before swapping 6 and 4
04.44 After swapping 4 and 6
04.48 Now let us see how to execute the same program in C++
04.53 I have the code, lets go through it.
04.57 This is the second program function callbyreference .
05.01 Note that our filename is callbyref.cpp
05.06 Let us go through the code
05.08 This is our header file as iostream
05.12 Here we are using the std namespace
05.16 The function declaration is same in C++.
05.19 In this we pass the arguments as ampersand x and ampersand y.
05.25 This will give the memory address of x and y.
05.29 Then we swap the values.
05.32 Rest of the code is similar to our C code.


05.36 The printf' statement is replaced by cout and the scanf statement is replaced by cin
05.44 Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal
05.48 To compile type; g++ space callbyref.cpp space hyphen o space ref1, press Enter
06.00 Now Type dot slash ref1, Press Enter
06.05 Here it is displayed as:
06.07 Enter values of a and b
06.10 I will enter as 4 and 3
06.13 The output is displayed


06.15 Before swapping a and b 4 and 3
06.19 After swapping a and b 3 and 4
06.23 This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
06.26 Let us go back to our slides.
06.30 Let us summarize, In this tutorial we learn't:
06.32 Function call by value.
06.34 And Function call by reference.
06.37 As an assignment
06.38 Write a similar program to calculate the cube of a number.
06.42 Using call by value in C++.
06.46 Watch the video available at the link shown below
06.49 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
06.52 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
06.56 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
06.58 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
07.01 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
07.05 For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
07.11 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
07.15 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
07.23 More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
07.27 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off
07.31 Thank You for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Kavita salve, Krupali, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14, Sneha

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