BASH/C2/Arithmetic-Comparison/English

Title of script: Arithmetic comparison in BASH

Author: Ashwini Patil

Keywords: video tutorial, Bash shell, -eq, -ne, -gt, -ge, -lt, -le

Visual Cue	Narration
Display Slide 1	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Arithmetic Comparison in BASH
Display Slide 2	In this tutorial, we will learn -eq -ne -lt -le -gt -ge commands We will do this with the help of some examples.
Display Slide 3	For this tutorial I am using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and GNU BASH version 4.2.24 Please note, GNU bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
On the editor. example1.sh	I already have a working example of arithmetic operators. Let me switch to it now. I have named my file as example1.sh
	Pause the tutorial here. Open a file in any editor of your choice and type the code as shown. You must be familiar how to do so, by now.
	In this program, we will check whether a given file is empty or not.
Highlight #!/bin/bash	Let me explain the code now. This is the shebang line.
Highlight read -p "Enter filename: " y	First of all, “Enter filename” will be printed on the console. read command reads one line of data from the standard input.
Highlight x=`cat $y | wc -w`	Command is enclosed within backtick. Backtick has a very special meaning. Everything you type between backticks is evaluated. cat command will display the content of the file. wc will print newline, word, and byte counts for each file. -w will print the word count. What will happen is - First the cat command will read the file. This is the input file. Which it then piped or sent to the wc command. So, this statement counts the words in a given file. The output is stored in variable x.
Highlight if [ $x -eq 0 ]; then echo "$y has zero words" fi	This is the if statement -eq command checks whether word count is equal to 0. If the condition is true, we will print a message “File has zero words”. fi is the end of first if condition.
Highlight if [ $x -ne 0 ]; then echo "$y has $x words" fi	Here is another if statement. Here, -ne command checks whether word count is not equal to 0. If the condition is true, we will print a message “File has $x words”. $x will give the word count. This is the end of 2nd if loop.
	Save your program file. Now, let us execute our program.
On the terminal Type: chmod +x example1.sh Type: ./example1.sh	Come back to the terminal. First we will make our file executeable. For this type: chmod +x example1.sh Then type: ./example1.sh
Type: touch list.txt	Now first let's create a file list.txt Type: touch list.txt
echo “How are you” > list.txt	Now, let's add a line in the file list.txt Type: echo “How are you” > (greater than sign) list.txt
Type: chmod +x example1.sh ./example1.sh Type: list.txt	Lets make our script executable. Type: chmod +x example1.sh ./example1.sh Enter filename is displayed. Type: list.txt
Highlight The Output	The output is displayed as: list.txt has 3 words
	Now let's learn about another set of operators.
Switch to example2.sh	Let me switch to another file example2.sh in my editor.
	Please open a file in your editor and name it as example2.sh
	Now type the code as shown here in your example2.sh file.
	Let me explain the code.
	This program will check whether the word count is greater or less than 1. Between 1 and 100 Or above 100
Highlight #!/bin/bash	We have our shebang line here.
Highlight read -p "Enter the filename: " y	read statement takes input as filename from the user.
Highlight wc -c`	Here, -c command is used to print the byte counts.
Highlight if [ $x -lt 1 ] ; then echo "No characters present in $y" fi	In the if statement, -lt command checks whether word count is less than 1. If the condition is true, then we print “No characters present in file”. fi ends the first if statement.
Highlight if [ $x -gt 1 ] ; then echo "$y has more than one character"	The next if statement contains a nested if statement. First the -gt command checks whether word count is greater than 1. If yes, then this echo statement will get executed.
Highlight if [ $x -ge 1 ] && [ $x -le 100 ]; then echo "Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100" fi	There are multiple if statements within this if statement. Here in this if statement - -ge command checks whether word count is greater than or equal to 1 and -le command checks whether word count is less than or equal to 100. If both the conditions are satisfied, then it prints: Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100. Please not that both conditions should be true to satisfy the entire if condition. This is because we have included && in between both conditions. fi is the end of this if statement.
Highlight if [ $x -gt 100 ] ; then echo "Number of characters is above 100" fi	Then the next if statement will be evaluated. -gt command checks whether word count is greater than 100. If the condition is stasified, we print Number of characters is above 100. fi is the end of this if statement.
Highlight fi	Here we end the 2nd if statement.
On the terminal Type chmod +x example2.sh Type: ./example2.sh	Let us execute the program now. Come back to the terminal. Type: chmod +x example2.sh Type: ./example2.sh
Type: list.txt	Enter the filename: is displayed. We will type list.txt
Highlight the output	list.txt has more than one character. Number of characters ranges between 1 and 100 will be printed on the terminal.
	Add or remove characters to the list.txt file. Then observe which if statements get executed.
	This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Come back to our slides. Let us summarize.
Display Slide 10 Summary	Summary In this tutorial we learnt, -lt -gt -le -ge -eq
Display Slide 11 Assignment	Write a program to demonstrate the use of not equal to operator. Hint: -ne
Display Slide 12 http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial About the Spoken Tutorial Project	Watch the video available at the link shown below It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
Display Slide 13 Spoken Tutorial Workshops	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
Display Slide 14 Acknowledgement	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at: http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro
	The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and spoken-tutorial team. This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Ashwini, Nancyvarkey