Difference between revisions of "Apps-On-Physics/C2/Simple-Machines/English"

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(Created page with " {|border=1 || '''Time''' || '''Narration''' |- ||'''Slide Number 1 ''' '''Title Slide''' ||Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Simple Machines.''' |- ||'''Slide Number 2...")
 
 
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{|border=1
 
{|border=1
−
|| '''Time'''
+
|| '''Visual Cue'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|| '''Narration'''
 
|-
 
|-
Line 9: Line 9:
 
||'''Slide Number 1 '''
 
||'''Slide Number 1 '''
 
'''Title Slide'''
 
'''Title Slide'''
−
||Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Simple Machines.'''
+
||Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Simple Machines'''.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 2 '''
 
||'''Slide Number 2 '''
  
−
'''Learning objective '''
+
'''Learning objectives '''
−
||In this tutorial we will demonstrate,
+
||In this tutorial we will learn to,
  
−
Pulley system
+
Simulate the working of a pulley system.
 +
 
 +
Calculate the necessary force to pull the load.
 +
 
 +
Achieve a balance condition for the lever.
 +
 
 +
Calculate the torque.
  
−
Lever Principle Apps.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 3'''
 
||'''Slide Number 3'''
Line 32: Line 38:
  
 
'''Pre-requisites'''
 
'''Pre-requisites'''
−
||To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in school physics.
+
||To follow this tutorial,  
 +
learner should be familiar with topics in basic physics.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 5'''
 
||'''Slide Number 5'''
  
−
'''Learning Goals'''
+
'''Pulley'''
−
||Using these Apps we will,
+
−
* Show how a pulley system works.
+
−
* Calculate the necessary force to pull the load.
+
−
* Show the working of a lever principle.
+
−
* Explain how to achive a balance condition.
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
||'''Slide Number 6'''
+
  
−
'''Pulley'''
+
A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects.
−
A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift the heavy objects.
+
  
 
We can either use a single pulley or a combination of pulleys.
 
We can either use a single pulley or a combination of pulleys.
Line 58: Line 57:
  
  
−
||First we will define a pulley
+
||First we will define a pulley.
  
−
A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift the heavy objects.
+
A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects.
  
  
Line 70: Line 69:
 
wells, escalators, rock climbing, flag poles and others.
 
wells, escalators, rock climbing, flag poles and others.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 7'''
+
||'''Slide Number 6'''
  
−
Link for Apps on physics App
+
Link for '''Apps on physics''' .
  
 
'''https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
 
'''https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
  
 +
||Use the given link to download the '''Apps'''.
  
 +
'''https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
  
−
||Use the given link to download the Apps.
+
|-
 +
||Point to the file in the downloads folder.
 +
||I have already downloaded '''Apps on Physics '''to my '''Downloads''' folder.
  
−
'''https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/'''
 
  
 +
|-
 +
||'''Slide Number 7'''
 +
 +
'''Apps on Physics'''
 +
 +
||In this tutorial we will use,
 +
 +
Pulley system
 +
 +
Lever Principle Apps.
  
  
−
|-
 
−
||Point to the file in the downloads folder
 
−
||I have already downloaded '''Apps on Physics '''to my '''Downloads''' folder.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to '''html5phen''' folder in the '''Downloads '''folder.
 
||Point to '''html5phen''' folder in the '''Downloads '''folder.
Line 101: Line 110:
  
  
−
We see two folders namely '''ph''' and '''phen''' in the '''html5phen''' folder.
+
We see two folders namely '''ph''' and '''phen'''.
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 109: Line 116:
  
  
−
Point to Apps in '''java script''' format and '''htm '''format.  
+
Point to '''Apps''' in '''java script''' and '''htm '''format.  
 
||Now double-click on the '''phen '''folder.
 
||Now double-click on the '''phen '''folder.
  
  
−
In this folder, we see Apps in '''java script '''format and '''htm '''format.
+
In this folder, we see the '''Apps''' in '''java script ''' and '''htm '''format.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Point to the '''htm''' formats Apps.
+
||Point to the '''htm''' formats '''Apps'''.
 
||We will use the Apps with '''htm file''' format.
 
||We will use the Apps with '''htm file''' format.
  
Line 121: Line 128:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Point to '''Pulley system, Lever Principle Apps'''.
+
||Point to '''Pulley system App'''.
−
||To open Pulley system press Ctrl+F keys and type Pulley system.
+
||To open the Pulley system app, press '''Ctrl+F''' keys simultaneously.
 +
 
 +
In the search bar type '''Pulley system'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Right click on '''pulleysystem_en.htm''' file.
 
||Right click on '''pulleysystem_en.htm''' file.
Line 130: Line 139:
  
  
−
Cursor on the App.
+
Cursor on the '''App'''.
 
||Right click on '''pulleysystem_en.htm ''' file.
 
||Right click on '''pulleysystem_en.htm ''' file.
  
Line 140: Line 149:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the '''App''' interface.
 
||Point to the '''App''' interface.
−
 
−
Move the cursor to the green panel.
 
  
 
Move the cursor to the yellow panel.
 
Move the cursor to the yellow panel.
 +
 +
Move the cursor to the green panel.
 
||The '''App''' interface opens with two panels.
 
||The '''App''' interface opens with two panels.
  
−
A green coloured panel to change and display parameters.
+
A yellow panel with a pulley system and
  
−
An yellow panel with a pulley system.
+
A green panel to change and display parameters.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Move the cursor on the load – pulley-rope.
 
||Move the cursor on the load – pulley-rope.
−
||Here we can see that a load is attached to the pulley through a rope.
+
||In the yellow panel, notice that a load is attached to the pulley with the help of a rope.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the '''Springscale.'''
 
||Point to the '''Springscale.'''
−
||We can either raise or lower the load with the help of a '''Springscale. '''
+
||We can either raise or lower the load using a '''Springscale. '''
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Show the movement of the '''Springscale''' by the pressed mouse.
 
||Show the movement of the '''Springscale''' by the pressed mouse.
Line 162: Line 171:
 
||Click and drag the mouse to raise or lower the load.
 
||Click and drag the mouse to raise or lower the load.
  
−
Observe that there is no changes in the values in the right panel.
+
Observe that there is no change in the value on the right panel.
  
 
This is because the necessary force required to drag the load remains the same.
 
This is because the necessary force required to drag the load remains the same.
Line 169: Line 178:
 
||On the top of the green panel you can see a drop down list of pulleys.
 
||On the top of the green panel you can see a drop down list of pulleys.
  
−
List has 2, 4, and 6 pulleys systems.
+
List has 2, 4, and 6 pulley systems.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the '''Weight'''.
 
||Point to the '''Weight'''.
  
  
−
Edit and show 1 value (write 20)
+
Edit and show 1 value
 
||The weight of the load is displayed in the white box.
 
||The weight of the load is displayed in the white box.
  
  
−
The default weight of the load is '''14 N(Newton)'''.
+
The default weight of the load is 14 '''Newton'''.
  
  
−
We can change values of weight from 1 N to 40 N.
+
We can change the value of the weight from 1 '''Newton''' to 40 '''Newton'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Move the cursor to show the Weight of the loose pulleys.
 
||Move the cursor to show the Weight of the loose pulleys.
Line 187: Line 196:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|| Point to the black pulleys.
 
|| Point to the black pulleys.
−
|| This is the toatal weight of the 4 pulleys.
+
|| This is the total weight of the 4 pulleys.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to show '''Necessary force'''.
 
||Point to show '''Necessary force'''.
−
||Next the '''Necessary force''' used to lift the load is calculated using the App.
+
||The '''Necessary force''' used to lift the load is calculated using the '''App'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
Line 202: Line 211:
 
By default '''Springscale''' is selected.
 
By default '''Springscale''' is selected.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||cursor on the interface
−
||Now let us demonstrate the working of the pulley.
+
 
 +
||Let us demonstrate the working of the pulley.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the load.
 
||Point to the load.
  
−
 
+
Point to the 4 sections of the rope.  
−
Point to the 4 sections of the rope.
+
−
 
+
  
 
Point to '''Necessary force'''.
 
Point to '''Necessary force'''.
−
||Observe that weight of 20 N is hanging from the 4 pulley sections of the rope.
+
||Observe that weight of 20 '''Newton''' is hanging from the 4 pulley sections of the rope.
−
 
+
  
−
Each section of the rope has one quarter of the total weight.
+
Each section of the rope has one fourth of the total weight.
  
−
In the App the force required to raise the weight in the air is calculated.
+
In the '''App''' force required to raise the weight in air is calculated.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 8'''
 
||'''Slide Number 8'''
Line 223: Line 230:
 
'''Necessary force'''
 
'''Necessary force'''
  
−
'''F= (Wl+ Wp)/4'''
+
'''F= (W<sub>l</sub>+ W<sub>p</sub>)/4'''
  
−
'''Wl''' '''is Weight of the load'''.
+
'''W<sub>l</sub>''' is '''Weight of the load'''.
  
−
'''Wp is Weight of the loose pulley'''.
+
'''W<sub>p</sub>''' is '''Weight of the loose pulley'''.
−
||The '''Necessary force''' is calculated using the given formula.
+
||The '''Necessary force''' is calculated using formula.
  
−
F= (Wl+ Wp)/4
+
'''F= (W<sub>l</sub>+ W<sub>p</sub>)/4'''
  
−
'''Wl''' is weight of the load.
+
'''W<sub>l</sub>''' is '''weight of the load'''.
  
−
'''Wp '''is weight of the loose pulley.
+
'''W<sub>p</sub> '''is '''weight of the loose pulley'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Edit the '''Weight of the loose pulley to''' 20 N'''.'''
+
||Edit the '''Weight of the loose pulley to 20 '''Newton'''.
  
 
Point to '''Necessary force'''
 
Point to '''Necessary force'''
−
||Now change the '''Weight of the loose pulley to 20 N'''.
+
||Now change the '''Weight of the loose pulley''' to 20 '''Newton'''.
  
−
Observe that the '''Necessary force''' is changed to be 10 N.
+
Observe that the '''Necessary force''' is changed to 10 '''Newton'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Change the '''Weight''' of the load to 30 N.
+
||Change the '''Weight''' of the load to 30 '''Newton'''.
−
||Next change the weight of the load to 30 N.
+
||Next change the weight of the load to 30 '''Newton'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
  
 
Point to the '''Weight of the loose pulley'''.
 
Point to the '''Weight of the loose pulley'''.
−
 
  
 
Highlight the last line from the '''App'''.
 
Highlight the last line from the '''App'''.
−
||Note that as we change the weight of the load to 30 N, '''weight of the loose pulley''' has changed to 10 N.
+
||observe that the '''weight of the loose pulley''' has changed to 10 '''Newton'''.
  
 +
This is because the '''Springscale’s''' limit is 10 '''Newton'''.
  
−
This is because the '''Springscale’s''' limit is 10 N.
+
Values more than 10 '''Newton''' are automatically changed.
  
−
Values more than 10 N are automatically changed to 10 N.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 9'''
 
||'''Slide Number 9'''
Line 263: Line 269:
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
  
−
Change the weight of the load to 25 N and weight of the loose pulley to 10 N and calculate the necessary force.
+
Change the weight of the load to 25 N and weight of the loose pulley to 10 N. Calculate the necessary force and verify your answer from the App.  
−
 
+
−
Verify your answer from the App.  
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
||As an assignment,
 
||As an assignment,
  
−
Change the weight of the load to 25 N and Weight of the loose pulley to 10 N and calculate the necessary force.
+
Change the weight of the load to 25 N and weight of the loose pulley to 10 N.
−
 
+
Calculate the necessary force and verify your answer from the App.  
−
Verify your answer from the App.  
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||To open lever principle App right-click on '''lever_en.htm''' and '''Open With''' '''Firefox Web Browser.'''
+
||To open '''Lever Principle App''' right-click on '''lever_en.htm''' file  and '''Open With''' '''Firefox Web Browser'''.
−
||Next we will move on to '''Lever Principle App.'''
+
||Next we will move on to '''Lever Principle App'''.
  
−
To open lever principle App right-click on '''lever_en.htm''' and '''Open With''' '''Firefox Web Browser.'''
+
To open '''Lever Principle App''' right-click on '''lever_en.htm''' file and '''Open With Firefox Web Browser'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the screen(highlight the sentence from the App.)
 
||Point to the screen(highlight the sentence from the App.)
−
||This app shows a symmetrical lever with some mass pieces.
+
||This '''App''' shows a symmetrical lever with some mass pieces.
  
−
Each mass piece weighs 1 N.
+
Each mass piece weighs 1 '''Newton'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Scroll down to show the lever principle.(pink box)
+
||Scroll down to show the lever principle.
−
||At the bottom of the interface '''Lever Principle '''is defined.
+
||At the bottom of the interface '''Lever Principle ''' is defined.
  
 
A lever is in balance if the total left side torque is equal to the total right side torque.
 
A lever is in balance if the total left side torque is equal to the total right side torque.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Scroll up to see the App.
+
||Scroll up to see the '''App'''.
  
  
 
Point to the lever arm.
 
Point to the lever arm.
−
||Observe that the lever arm is shown by green and yellow rectangles.
+
||Observe that the lever arm is shown by green and orange rectangles.
  
−
Length of each rectangle is 0.10 m.
+
Length of each rectangle is 0.10 '''m'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the torque measured.
 
||Point to the torque measured.
−
||At left bottom of the screen torque is calculated.
+
||At the bottom left of the screen torque is calculated.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 10'''
 
||'''Slide Number 10'''
Line 308: Line 307:
 
'''Torque'''
 
'''Torque'''
  
−
'''Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause a rotation.'''
+
Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause a rotation.
  
−
'''The point where the object rotates is aixs of rotation.'''
+
The point where the object rotates is aixs of rotation.
−
||Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause rotation.
+
||Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause a rotation.
  
 
The point where the object rotates is the axis of rotation.
 
The point where the object rotates is the axis of rotation.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the fulcrum.
 
||Point to the fulcrum.
−
||In the App fulcrum is the axis of rotation.
+
||In the '''App''' fulcrum is the axis of rotation.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 11'''
 
||'''Slide Number 11'''
Line 322: Line 321:
 
'''Torque'''
 
'''Torque'''
  
−
(tau) τ '''<nowiki>= F r</nowiki>'''⟂
+
'''(tau) τ <nowiki>= F x r</nowiki>⟂'''
  
−
'''F is a force applied by the load.'''
+
'''F''' is a force applied by the load.
−
 
+
−
'''r'''⟂ '''is a perpendicular distance from the fulcrum.'''
+
−
||Next we can calculate the torque using the formula.
+
−
 
+
−
(tau)τ '''<nowiki>= F* r</nowiki>'''⟂(perpendicular) '''.'''
+
  
 +
'''r'''⟂ is a perpendicular distance from the fulcrum.
 +
||We can calculate the torque using the formula.
  
 +
'''(tau)τ <nowiki>= F x r</nowiki>⟂'''(perpendicular).
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Point to green and yellow rectangles.
+
||Point to green and orange rectangles.
−
||The green and yellow rectangles indicate perpendicular distances.
+
||Green and orange rectangles indicate perpendicular distances.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Remove one weight from the left side of the fulcrum.
 
||Remove one weight from the left side of the fulcrum.
−
||We can change the hanging weight by clicking and holding mouse.
+
||We can change the hanging weight by clicking and holding the mouse.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to fulcrum.
 
||Point to fulcrum.
Line 344: Line 341:
  
 
Move the cursor to show the calculations.
 
Move the cursor to show the calculations.
−
||Observe that now the lever is unbalanced.
+
||Observe that, the lever is unbalanced.
  
  
−
This is because the torque between the two side is not same.
+
This is because torque on both the sides is not same.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to 0.9 Nm.
 
||Point to 0.9 Nm.
−
||Notice that in the measured part the value of left side torque is reduced to '''0.9 Nm'''
+
||Notice that the value of left side torque is reduced to '''0.9 Nm'''
  
−
'''(Newton-meter).'''
+
'''(Newton-meter)'''.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 12'''
+
||Cursor on the interface.
  
−
'''Assignment'''
 
−
 
−
What happens when hanging weights are removed from both the sides.
 
 
||What happens when hanging weights are removed from both the sides.
 
||What happens when hanging weights are removed from both the sides.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the left side of the fulcrum.
 
||Point to the left side of the fulcrum.
−
||Next let us hang the weights at different distances to the left of the fulcrum.
+
||Let us hang the weights at different distances to the left of the fulcrum.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle.
 
||Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle.
−
 
+
||Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle.
−
Continue to add two weights on the fourth rectangle.
+
|-
 +
||Add two weights on the fourth rectangle.
  
 
One weight on the fifth rectangle.
 
One weight on the fifth rectangle.
−
||Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle.
+
||Add two weights on the fourth rectangle.
−
 
+
−
Add two weights on the fourth rectangle.
+
  
 
And one weight on the fifth rectangle.
 
And one weight on the fifth rectangle.
Line 379: Line 372:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the right side.
 
||Point to the right side.
−
||Now let us add weights to the right side to balance the lever.
+
||Let us add weights to the right side of the fulcrum to balance the lever.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Use pressed mouse to add the weights from  
 
||Use pressed mouse to add the weights from  
Line 387: Line 380:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Hang the weight to 3rd, 4th, and 5th rectangles.
 
||Hang the weight to 3rd, 4th, and 5th rectangles.
−
||Continue to add one weight to third, fourth and fifth rectangles.
+
||Continue to add weights to third, fourth and fifth rectangles.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the lever.
 
||Point to the lever.
 
||Notice that the lever is now balanced.
 
||Notice that the lever is now balanced.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 13'''
+
||'''Slide Number 12'''
  
 
'''Assignment'''
 
'''Assignment'''
  
−
If a blocks weigh 5 N is kept at 0.5 m, 3 N at 0.4 m and 2 N at 0.6 m from the fulcrum on the same side. How far must the other blocks of weighs 7 N should kept from the fulcrum in order to balance them.
+
A block weighing 5 N is kept at 0.5 m and a block weighing 3 N is kept at 0.6 m on the same side of the fulcrum.  
−
||As an assignment solve this numerical.  
+
  
 +
Then how far blocks weighing 6 N  and 1 N should be kept on the other side of the fulcrum to achieve a balance condition.
  
 +
||As an assignment solve this numerical.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Let us summarise
+
||Let us summarize
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 18'''
+
||'''Slide Number 13'''
  
 
'''Summary'''
 
'''Summary'''
−
||Using these App we have * Observed how a pulley system works.
+
||In this tutorial we have,
 +
 
 +
* Simulated the working of a pulley system.
 
* Calculated the necessary force to pull the load.
 
* Calculated the necessary force to pull the load.
−
* Observed the working of a lever principle.
+
* Achieved a balance condition for the lever.
−
* Explained how to achive a balance condition.
+
* Calculated the torque.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''Slide Number 19'''
+
|| '''Slide Number 14'''
  
−
'''License'''
+
'''Acknowledgement'''
  
 
These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.
 
These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.
−
 
−
This video is released under CC-BY-NC-SA license.
 
−
 
−
 
  
 
|| These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.
 
|| These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.
−
 
−
This video is released under CC-BY-NC-SA license.
 
  
  
Line 434: Line 423:
 
||
 
||
  
−
'''Slide Number 19'''
+
'''Slide Number 15'''
  
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project.'''
 
'''About Spoken Tutorial project.'''
 +
The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
−
 
+
Please download and watch it.
  
 
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 
||The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Line 444: Line 434:
 
Please download and watch it.
 
Please download and watch it.
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 20'''
+
||'''Slide Number 16'''
  
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops.'''
 
'''Spoken Tutorial workshops.'''
  
 +
'''Spoken Tutorial Project team,
  
 +
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
  
 +
and gives certificates on passing online tests.
 +
 +
For more details, please write to us.
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial Project team,
 
||'''Spoken Tutorial Project team,
  
Line 457: Line 452:
  
 
For more details, please write to us.
 
For more details, please write to us.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 21'''
+
||'''Slide Number 17'''
  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
  
 +
Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?
 +
 +
Please visit this site
 +
 +
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly
 +
 +
Someone from our team will answer them.
  
  
Line 470: Line 473:
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly
 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly
  
−
Someone from our team will answer them
+
Someone from our team will answer them.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 22'''
+
||'''Slide Number 18'''
  
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
 
'''Forum for specific questions:'''
  
 +
The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial
  
 +
Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them
 +
 +
This will help reduce the clutter
  
 +
With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material
 
||The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial
 
||The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial
  
Line 484: Line 493:
 
This will help reduce the clutter
 
This will help reduce the clutter
  
−
{{anchor|DdeLink10166791844}} With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material.
+
With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 23'''
+
||'''Slide Number 19'''
  
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 
'''Acknowledgement'''
 +
 
||Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
 
||Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 14:53, 15 December 2021


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simple Machines.
Slide Number 2

Learning objectives

In this tutorial we will learn to,

Simulate the working of a pulley system.

Calculate the necessary force to pull the load.

Achieve a balance condition for the lever.

Calculate the torque.

Slide Number 3

System Requirements

Here I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version 16.04

Firefox Web Browser version 62.0.3

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial,

learner should be familiar with topics in basic physics.

Slide Number 5

Pulley

A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects.

We can either use a single pulley or a combination of pulleys.


For example pulleys can be used in

wells, escalators, rock climbing, flag poles and others.


First we will define a pulley.

A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects.


We can either use a single pulley or a combination of pulleys.


For example pulleys can be used in

wells, escalators, rock climbing, flag poles and others.

Slide Number 6

Link for Apps on physics .

https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/

Use the given link to download the Apps.

https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/

Point to the file in the downloads folder. I have already downloaded Apps on Physics to my Downloads folder.


Slide Number 7

Apps on Physics

In this tutorial we will use,

Pulley system

Lever Principle Apps.


Point to html5phen folder in the Downloads folder. After downloading, html5phen folder appears in the Downloads folder.


Double-click on html5phen folder.


Point to the ph and phen folders.

Double-click on html5phen folder.


We see two folders namely ph and phen.

Double-click on phen folder.


Point to Apps in java script and htm format.

Now double-click on the phen folder.


In this folder, we see the Apps in java script and htm format.

Point to the htm formats Apps. We will use the Apps with htm file format.


Point to Pulley system App. To open the Pulley system app, press Ctrl+F keys simultaneously.

In the search bar type Pulley system.

Right click on pulleysystem_en.htm file.


Select the option Open With Firefox web Browser option.


Cursor on the App.

Right click on pulleysystem_en.htm file.


Select the option Open With Firefox web Browser.


Pulley System App opens in the browser.

Point to the App interface.

Move the cursor to the yellow panel.

Move the cursor to the green panel.

The App interface opens with two panels.

A yellow panel with a pulley system and

A green panel to change and display parameters.

Move the cursor on the load – pulley-rope. In the yellow panel, notice that a load is attached to the pulley with the help of a rope.
Point to the Springscale. We can either raise or lower the load using a Springscale.
Show the movement of the Springscale by the pressed mouse.


Point to the values in the right panel.

Click and drag the mouse to raise or lower the load.

Observe that there is no change in the value on the right panel.

This is because the necessary force required to drag the load remains the same.

Click on drop down list to show the numbers of pulleys On the top of the green panel you can see a drop down list of pulleys.

List has 2, 4, and 6 pulley systems.

Point to the Weight.


Edit and show 1 value

The weight of the load is displayed in the white box.


The default weight of the load is 14 Newton.


We can change the value of the weight from 1 Newton to 40 Newton.

Move the cursor to show the Weight of the loose pulleys. We can change the Weight of the loose pulley in this box.
Point to the black pulleys. This is the total weight of the 4 pulleys.
Point to show Necessary force. The Necessary force used to lift the load is calculated using the App.

Point to Springscale and

Force vectors.

At the bottom of the green panel we have Springscale and Force vectors radio buttons.


By default Springscale is selected.

cursor on the interface Let us demonstrate the working of the pulley.
Point to the load.

Point to the 4 sections of the rope.

Point to Necessary force.

Observe that weight of 20 Newton is hanging from the 4 pulley sections of the rope.

Each section of the rope has one fourth of the total weight.

In the App force required to raise the weight in air is calculated.

Slide Number 8

Necessary force

F= (Wl+ Wp)/4

Wl is Weight of the load.

Wp is Weight of the loose pulley.

The Necessary force is calculated using formula.

F= (Wl+ Wp)/4

Wl is weight of the load.

Wp is weight of the loose pulley.

Edit the Weight of the loose pulley to 20 Newton.

Point to Necessary force

Now change the Weight of the loose pulley to 20 Newton.

Observe that the Necessary force is changed to 10 Newton.

Change the Weight of the load to 30 Newton. Next change the weight of the load to 30 Newton.

Point to the Weight of the loose pulley.

Highlight the last line from the App.

observe that the weight of the loose pulley has changed to 10 Newton.

This is because the Springscale’s limit is 10 Newton.

Values more than 10 Newton are automatically changed.

Slide Number 9

Assignment

Change the weight of the load to 25 N and weight of the loose pulley to 10 N. Calculate the necessary force and verify your answer from the App.

As an assignment,

Change the weight of the load to 25 N and weight of the loose pulley to 10 N. Calculate the necessary force and verify your answer from the App.

To open Lever Principle App right-click on lever_en.htm file and Open With Firefox Web Browser. Next we will move on to Lever Principle App.

To open Lever Principle App right-click on lever_en.htm file and Open With Firefox Web Browser.

Point to the screen(highlight the sentence from the App.) This App shows a symmetrical lever with some mass pieces.

Each mass piece weighs 1 Newton.

Scroll down to show the lever principle. At the bottom of the interface Lever Principle is defined.

A lever is in balance if the total left side torque is equal to the total right side torque.

Scroll up to see the App.


Point to the lever arm.

Observe that the lever arm is shown by green and orange rectangles.

Length of each rectangle is 0.10 m.

Point to the torque measured. At the bottom left of the screen torque is calculated.
Slide Number 10

Torque

Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause a rotation.

The point where the object rotates is aixs of rotation.

Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause a rotation.

The point where the object rotates is the axis of rotation.

Point to the fulcrum. In the App fulcrum is the axis of rotation.
Slide Number 11

Torque

(tau) τ = F x r⟂

F is a force applied by the load.

r⟂ is a perpendicular distance from the fulcrum.

We can calculate the torque using the formula.

(tau)τ = F x r⟂(perpendicular).

Point to green and orange rectangles. Green and orange rectangles indicate perpendicular distances.
Remove one weight from the left side of the fulcrum. We can change the hanging weight by clicking and holding the mouse.
Point to fulcrum.


Move the cursor to show the calculations.

Observe that, the lever is unbalanced.


This is because torque on both the sides is not same.

Point to 0.9 Nm. Notice that the value of left side torque is reduced to 0.9 Nm

(Newton-meter).

Cursor on the interface. What happens when hanging weights are removed from both the sides.
Point to the left side of the fulcrum. Let us hang the weights at different distances to the left of the fulcrum.
Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle. Click and hold the mouse to add one weight on the third rectangle.
Add two weights on the fourth rectangle.

One weight on the fifth rectangle.

Add two weights on the fourth rectangle.

And one weight on the fifth rectangle.

Point to the lever. Observe that the lever is now unbalanced.
Point to the right side. Let us add weights to the right side of the fulcrum to balance the lever.
Use pressed mouse to add the weights from

right to 1st rectangle.

Click and hold the mouse to add one weight to the first rectangle.
Hang the weight to 3rd, 4th, and 5th rectangles. Continue to add weights to third, fourth and fifth rectangles.
Point to the lever. Notice that the lever is now balanced.
Slide Number 12

Assignment

A block weighing 5 N is kept at 0.5 m and a block weighing 3 N is kept at 0.6 m on the same side of the fulcrum.

Then how far blocks weighing 6 N and 1 N should be kept on the other side of the fulcrum to achieve a balance condition.

As an assignment solve this numerical.
Let us summarize
Slide Number 13

Summary

In this tutorial we have,
  • Simulated the working of a pulley system.
  • Calculated the necessary force to pull the load.
  • Achieved a balance condition for the lever.
  • Calculated the torque.
Slide Number 14

Acknowledgement

These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.

These Apps are created by Walter-fendt and his team.


Slide Number 15

About Spoken Tutorial project. The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number 16

Spoken Tutorial workshops.

Spoken Tutorial Project team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

and gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Spoken Tutorial Project team,

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

and gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 17

Forum for specific questions:

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.


Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.

Slide Number 18

Forum for specific questions:

The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them

This will help reduce the clutter

With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material

The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them

This will help reduce the clutter

With less clutter, we can use these discussion as instructional material.

Slide Number 19

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
This is Himanshi Karwanje from IIT-Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Karwanjehimanshi95, Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

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