PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/Build-an-Atom/English-timed

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to this tutorial on Build an Atom simulation.
00:06	In this tutorial, we will demonstrate Build an Atom, Interactive PhET simulation.
00:14	To follow this tutorial, learners should be familiar with topics in high school science.
00:21	Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
00:28	Java version 1.7.0
00:33	Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2
00:39	Using this simulation, students will be able to: Build an atom using protons, neutrons and electrons.
00:49	Identify an element and its position on the periodic table.
00:55	Determine whether an atom is neutral or an ion. Predict the charge.
01:03	Determine the mass of an atom or ion.
01:07	Determine the stability of atom or ion created.
01:12	Represent the atomic symbols.
01:15	Create isotopes of an element.
01:19	Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter.
01:23	Each atom consists of a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.
01:30	Nucleus is surrounded by much lighter, negatively-charged electrons.
01:37	Nucleus may also contain neutrons.
01:41	Neutron has same mass as proton but it has no charge.
01:47	Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines the chemical element.
01:53	Chemical properties of an element arise due to number & arrangement of electrons.
02:00	Let us get started.
02:03	Use the given link to download the simulation.
02:07	I have already downloaded Build an Atom simulation to my Downloads folder.
02:15	To open the simulation, right click on build-an-atom html file.
02:21	Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option. File opens in the browser.
02:29	This is the interface of Build-an-Atom simulation.
02:34	The interface has 3 screens- Atom, Symbol and Game.
02:42	Let us begin our simulation with Atom screen.
02:46	Click on Atom screen.
02:49	Using this screen, students can- build atoms, determine the identity, net-charge and mass of an atom.
03:00	Atom screen shows a Bohr's model of an atom.
03:05	It shows position of nucleus and 2 orbits.
03:10	At the bottom of the screen, there are 3 containers with Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
03:18	On the right-side, there are 3 panels- Element, Net charge and Mass Number.
03:27	To open the panel, click on the green plus sign located on top-right corner on each panel.
03:35	This allows you to view the changes as you change the number of particles.
03:41	At the bottom of the screen, you will see Show box. In the box, click on Stable/Unstable check box.
03:52	The top left corner of the screen shows a box.
03:56	It shows the number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons, we have used to create the atom.
04:05	Let us start by building Hydrogen atom.
04:09	From the Proton container, click on the Proton.
04:14	Drag and drop on the X mark, which represents the nucleus of an atom.
04:20	Simultaneously observe the changes in each of the panels.
04:27	Hydrogen atom is the simplest of all elements.
04:32	It has one electron in the first orbit and one proton in the nucleus.
04:39	Drag an Electron and place in the first orbit.
04:44	By default, the orbits are shown as circular dashed lines.
04:50	Under Model heading, click on Cloud radio button.
04:55	This will show the orbit as electron cloud.
04:59	Click on Orbits radio button to show the default orbits.
05:05	Observe all the panels on the screen.
05:09	Element box shows Hydrogen as Element.
05:13	Net charge is zero and is labeled as neutral atom. Mass number is one.
05:22	It also shows that the atom is Stable.
05:26	Now add one more Proton to the nucleus. The atom is shown as Unstable Helium Ion.
05:35	Add one more Electron in the 1st orbit.
05:40	Now it is a Neutral atom but the atom is still labelled as Unstable.
05:47	Add a Neutron to the nucleus. The atom is now Stable.
05:53	The Mass Number shows 3, but we know that atomic mass of helium is 4. So, add another Neutron to the nucleus.
06:04	This completes the atomic structure of Helium atom.
06:09	Helium atom has 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons and 2 Electrons.
06:16	We can add Neutrons to the nucleus, to create isotopes of the same element.
06:23	Atoms of the same element that differ in neutrons are called isotopes.
06:29	Isotopes of same element have same chemical properties.
06:35	Remove one Proton, one Electron and 2 Neutrons from the Helium atom.
06:43	Now we have hydrogen atom, also called Protium.
06:49	Let us create isotopes of Hydrogen.
06:53	Hydrogen has three isotopes. Protium, Deuterium and Tritium.
07:00	Nucleus of Protium contains only one Proton.
07:04	Deuterium has one Proton and one Neutron.
07:09	Tritium has one Proton and 2 Neutrons.
07:15	Add one Neutron to the nucleus. Deuterium atom is created.
07:22	It is Stable. Add another Neutron to the nucleus to create tritium.
07:29	Tritium is unstable, as shown here.
07:34	As an assignment: Create a neutral carbon atom. Show isotopes of carbon.
07:43	Click on reset button at the bottom-right corner.
07:48	This will reset the screen to default settings.
07:53	Next, click on Symbol screen at the bottom of the interface.
07:59	Using this screen, students can interpret atomic symbols.
08:05	Notice that a Symbol panel is added on the screen.
08:10	Atom of every element is represented by a symbol.
08:15	It gives information about atomic number, mass number and charge.
08:23	The subscript number is called the atomic number.
08:27	The superscript number is called the mass number.
08:32	Charge on the atom is shown on the top-right corner.
08:37	The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number.
08:42	The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number.
08:49	Add Protons, Neutrons and Electrons to the atom.
08:55	Observe the Symbol panel.
08:58	Note the change in name of Element, atomic number, Mass Number and charge.
09:06	Now we will move on to the Game screen.
09:10	Click on Game screen at the bottom of the interface.
09:15	Four different games are available.
09:18	These games will test the knowledge gained using this simulation.
09:24	A timer and a sound button are provided at the bottom-left corner of the screen.
09:31	Click on the timer button to enable the timer before the game starts.
09:37	We can also control the sound by clicking on the sound symbol.
09:42	Click on each game screen and explore.
09:50	In this tutorial, we have learnt: how to use Build an Atom, interactive PhET simulation.
09:59	Using this simulation, we have learnt to - Build models of Hydrogen and Helium atoms.
10:07	Add or remove electrons to create ions.
10:11	Add or remove neutrons to create isotopes.
10:16	As an assignment: create a neutral oxygen atom.
10:21	Add two electrons to the neutral atom.
10:25	Observe the change in parameters on various panels.
10:30	Try to remove electrons from the inner shells, observe the results.
10:37	The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it.
10:46	The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us.
11:00	Please post your timed queries on this forum.
11:04	This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
11:12	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. More information on this mission is available at this link.
11:24	This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao, from IIT Bombay. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey