Linux/C3/Basics-of-awk/Khasi
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Pdiang sngewbha sha kane ka spoken tutorial halor ka awk command. |
| 00:05 | Ha kane ka tutorial, ngin pule iaka jingpyndonkam In this tutorial we will learn awk command. |
| 00:09 | We will do this through some examples. |
| 00:12 | To record this tutorial, I am using:
Ubuntu Linux 12.04 OS GNU BASH v. 4.2.24 |
| 00:23 | Please note, GNU Bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial. |
| 00:29 | Let us start with an introduction to awk. |
| 00:33 | The awk command is a very powerful text manipulation tool. |
| 00:38 | It is named after its authors, Aho, Weinberger and Kernighan. |
| 00:44 | It can perform several functions. |
| 00:46 | It operates at the field level of a record. |
| 00:51 | So, it can easily access and edit the individual fields of the record. |
| 00:56 | Let us see some examples. |
| 00:59 | For demonstration purpose, we use the awkdemo.txt file. |
| 01:04 | Let us see the contents of awkdemo.txt file. |
| 01:09 | Now open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl + Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard. |
| 01:17 | Let us see how to print using awk command. |
| 01:22 | Type: awk space (within single quote) (front slash) '/Pass (front slash)/(opening curly bracket) {print (closing curly bracket)} (after the quotes) space awkdemo.txt |
| 01:38 | Press Enter. |
| 01:40 | Here, Pass is the selection criteria. |
| 01:44 | All the lines of the awkdemo where Pass occurs are printed. |
| 01:49 | The action here is print. |
| 01:52 | We can also use regular expressions in awk. |
| 01:56 | Say, we want to print records of students with name "Mira." |
| 02:01 | We would type:
awk space '/M (opening square bracket) [ ei (closing square bracket) ]*ra */{print}' space awkdemo.txt |
| 02:27 | Press Enter. |
| 02:29 | "*" will give one or more occurrences of previous character. |
| 02:33 | Thus, entries with more than one occurrence for i, e and a will be listed. |
| 02:40 | For example, |
| 02:42 | Mira with M I R A |
| 02:45 | Meera with M double E R A |
| 02:47 | and Meeraa with M double E R double A |
| 02:52 | awk supports the extended regular expressions (ERE) |
| 02:58 | Which means we can match multiple patterns separated by a PIPE. |
| 03:03 | Let me clear the prompt. |
| 03:05 | electrical(front slash)space (opening curly brackets)/{print}(closing curly brackets) after the quotes spaceawkdemo.txt |
| 03:23 | Press Enter. |
| 03:26 | Now entries for both "civil" and "electrical" are given. |
| 03:31 | Let us go back to our slides. |
| 03:34 | Parameters: awk has some special parameters to identify individual fields of a line. |
| 03:41 | $1(Dollar 1) would indicate the first field. |
| 03:45 | Similarly we can have $2, $3 and so on for respective fields. |
| 03:53 | $0 represents the entire line. |
| 03:56 | come back to our terminal. |
| 03:59 | Note that each word is separated by PIPE in the file awkdemo.txt. |
| 04:05 | In this case PIPE is called a delimiter. |
| 04:09 | A delimiter separates words from each other. |
| 04:13 | A delimiter can also be a single white space. |
| 04:16 | To specify a delimiter, we have to give - capital F flag followed by a delimiter. |
| 04:24 | Let us see. Type: awk space minus capital F space within double quotes PIPE space within single quote front-slash civil PIPE electrical front-slash opening curly bracket print space dollar0 closing curly bracket after the quotes space awkdemo.txt |
| 04:51 | Press Enter. |
| 04:53 | This prints the entire line since we have used $0. |
| 04:58 | Notice that names and stream of students are the second and third fields. |
| 05:04 | Say we only want to print two fields. |
| 05:08 | We will replace $0 with $2 and $3 in the above command. |
| 05:15 | Press Enter . |
| 05:18 | Only two fields are shown. |
| 05:21 | Though it gives the right result, the display is all jagged and un-formatted. |
| 05:26 | We can provide formatted output by using the C style printf statement. |
| 05:32 | We can also provide a serial number by using a built-in variable NR. |
| 05:40 | We will see more about built-in variables later. |
| 05:44 | Now Type awk space minus capital F within double quotes (Pipe) after the double quotes space 'front-slash Pass front slash opening curly bracket printf (within double quotes) "percentage sign 4d space percentage sign -25s space percentage sign minus 15s space backslash n”, after the double quotes NR, $2, $3 closing curly bracket' after the single quote space awkdemo.txt |
| 06:33 | Press Enter. We see the difference. |
| 06:37 | Here, NR stands for number of records. |
| 06:41 | Records are integers, hence we have written %d. |
| 06:45 | Name and Stream are strings. So we have used %s. |
| 06:50 | Here 25s will reserve 25 spaces for Name field. |
| 06:55 | 15s will reserve 15 spaces for Stream field. |
| 07:01 | The minus sign is used to left justify the output. |
| 07:05 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. |
| 07:08 | Let us move back to our slides. |
| 07:10 | Let us summarize. In this tutorial we learnt: * To print using awk |
| 07:16 | Regular expression in awk * To list the entries for a particular stream |
| 07:21 | To list only the second and the third fields |
| 07:24 | To display a formatted output. |
| 07:28 | As an assignment, display roll no., stream and marks of Ankit Saraf. |
| 07:34 | Watch the video available at the link shown below. |
| 07:37 | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
| 07:40 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
| 07:45 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
| 07:48 | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. |
| 07:52 | For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| 07:58 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project. |
| 08:01 | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT,MHRD,Government of India. |
| 08:07 | More information on this Mission is available at: [1] |
| 08:12 | This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signning off. Thank you for joining. |
