Linux/C2/File-Attributes/Khasi

Time	Narration
00:00	Pdiang sngewbha sha ka spoken tutorial halor ka Linux File Attributes.
00:05	Ki jingdonkam ban don lypa naka bynta kaneka tutorial ka long ban shna ïaki file thylli ba kyrteng example1, example2, example3, example4, example5, bad testchown.
00:18	Sngewbha shna ki directory thylli ba kyrteng kum test_chown bad ruh directory1.
00:25	Ka file attribute kadei ka metadata kaba batai lane ba ïasnoh bad ka computer file.
00:33	File attribute kidei ki jinglong kiba batai ïaka file kum ka jinglongtrai, ka rukom jaid file, ka jingpynlah ban plie, ter ter.
00:45	ïaka 'c-h own' command la pyndonkam ban pynkylla ïaka jinglongtrai jong ka file lane ka directory. Kane kadei ka admin command, tang ki nongpyndonkam ka root ki lah ban pynkylla ïaka jinglongtrai jong ka file lane directory.
01:00	ka syntax jong ka chown command kadei chown space options space ownername space filename or directoryname
01:13	Ngi lah ban ai ïa ki jingjied harum ryngkat ka chown command.
01:18	-R : Ban pynkylla ïaka permission haki file kiba haka sub-directory jong ka directory kaba phi don mynta.
01:28	-c : Ka pynkylla ïaka permission naka bynta kawei pa kawei ka file.
01:33	-f : Ka ïada ïaka chown naka jingpyni ïaki error message.
01:37	Mynta ngin peit ïaki katto katne ki nuksa.
01:40	Te, leit sha ka terminal. Ngin leit sha ka directory ha kaba ngi la shna ïaki file bad folder ba thylli. Na bynta kata, cd space Desktop slash file attribute bad ñion Enter.
01:56	Mynta type ïaka command: $ ls space -l space testchown kata t-e-s-t-c-h-o-w-n bad ñion Enter.
02:11	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ïa u trai jong ka file 'testchown' udei shahid.
02:18	Ban pynkylla ïa u trai jong ka file, type ïaka command: $ sudo space c-h own space kata a-n-u-s-h-a anusha space testchown kata t-e-s-t-c-h-o-w-n Ñion Enter.
02:36	Thep ïaka sudo password bad ñion biang Enter. Ñion Enter.
02:44	Mynta, type: $ ls space -l space t-e-s-t-c-h-o-w-n bad ñion Enter. Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ka trai thymmai jong ka file kadei anusha.
03:03	Mynta ngin peit kumno ban pynkylla ïaka jinglongtrai jong ka directory.
03:07	Type ïaka command: $ ls -l bad ñion Enter. Hangne ngi lah ban iohi u trai jong ka directory 'test_chown' udei shahid.
03:21	Ban pynkylla ïaka jinglongtrai jong ka directory, type ka command:
03:26	$ sudo space chown space minus dakheh R space a-n-u-s-h-a anusha space test_chown kaba long ka kyrteng jong ka directory bad ñion Enter.
03:44	Thep ïaka sudo password lada donkam bad ñion biang Enter.
03:49	Ngan pynkhuid ïaka screen dakaba ñion Ctrl+L naka bynta ka jingsuk jong ngi. Mynta type: $ ls space -l bad ñion Enter. Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba ka trai thymmai jong ka directory kadei anusha.
04:06	Ka chmod command la pyndonkam ban pynkylla ïaka jingpynlah ban peit lane jingpynlah jong palat kawei ka file.
04:13	Ka Syntax jong ka chmod command kadei chmod space [options] space mode space filename Ngi lah ban ai ïaki jingjied harum ryngkat ka chmod command.
04:29	-c : Ka Print ïaka thup jingtip shaphang ki file kiba la pynkylla.
04:34	-f ': Wat pyntip ïa u nongpyndonkam jong ki file baka chmod kam lah ban pynkylla.
04:41	Ki don kine ki rukom harum jong ka access lane permissions:
04:44	r : Read, w : Write, x : Execute, s : Set user (or group) ID
04:54	Kumjuh ruh, ngi lah ban pynpaw shai ïaki permission da u three-digit octal number.
05:00	U digit ba nyngkong u ieng naka bynta ka owner permission, Uba ar u ieng naka bynta ka group permission, bad uba lai u ieng naka bynta kiwei pat ki permission.
05:09	ïaki Permission la kheiñ dakaba kheiñlang ïaki octal value harum: 4 kata Read 2 kata Write 1 kata Execute
05:20	Mynta ngin peit ïaki katto katne ki nuksa jong ka chmod. Leit sha u terminal bad thep ïaka command ban thep execute-by-user permission sha ka file 'example1'.
05:30	Shwa kata, ngin pynkhuid biang ïaka screen dakaba ñion Ctrl+l.
05:36	Mynta, to ngin type: $ chmod space u+x space example1 ñion Enter.
05:49	Mynta type: $ ls space -l space example1 ñion Enter ban peit ïaki jingkylla.
06:01	Hangne phi lah ban iohi, ban assign ka read/write/execute permission da u trai, read/execute permission da ka group, bad execute-only permission da kiwei sha ka file example1.
06:15	Mynta type ïaka command: $ chmod space 751 space example1 ñion Enter.
06:26	Mynta type: $ ls space -l space example1 bad ñion Enter.
06:35	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba ka command haneng lah assign ïaka read/write/execute permission da u trai, read/execute permission daka group, bad execute-only permission da kiwei pat sha ka file example1.
06:52	Ban assign read-only permission sha ka file example1 naka bynta ïa baroh, type ka command: $ chmod space =r space example1 bad ñion Enter.
07:08	Mynta type ka command: $ ls space -l space example1 ñion Enter.
07:19	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba ka 'read only' permission lah assign sha ka file example1 naka bynta ïa baroh.
07:30	Ban pynkylla ïaka permission dakaba leh biang bad assign ïaka read bad execute access naka bynta ïa baroh bad ruh write access naka bynta u trai jong ka directory 'directory1', type ïaka command:
07:44	$ chmod space minus u dakheh R space 755 space directory1. Ñion Enter.
08:00	Mynta type: $ ls space -l ñion Enter ban peit ïaki jingkylla.
08:09	Ban ai ïa u user ka execute permission haka file example2, type ïaka command: $ chmod space u+x space example2 ñion Enter.
08:27	Mynta type ïaka command: $ ls space -l space example2 bad ñion Enter.
08:40	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba ïaka execute permission lah assign sha u user haka 'example2'.
08:50	Ban add ka write permissions sha ka group naka bynta ka file example3 type ïaka command: $ chmod space g+w space example3. Ñion Enter.
09:10	bad mynta type: $ ls space -l space example3 ñion Enter.
09:23	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi baka write permission lah thep lang sha ka group.
09:30	Ban weng ïaka write permissions naka bynta baroh, type ïaka command: $ chmod space a-w space example3 Ñion Enter.
09:45	Mynta, type: $ ls space -l space example3 ñion Enter.
09:55	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba la weng ïaka write permission, Naka bynta ïa baroh.
10:02	Ka chgrp command la pyndonkam ban pynkylla ïaka group jong palat ïa kawei ka files sha ka group ba thymmai.
10:10	Ka group thymmai ka dei ka group ID number lane ka kyrteng jong ka group kaba shong haka /etc/group.
10:20	Tang u trai jong ka file lane u privileged user u lah ban pynkylla ïaka group.
10:26	Ka syntax naka bynta ka chgrp command kadei chgrp space [options] space newgroup space files.
10:36	To ngin leit sha u terminal. Mynta ngin peit ïaki katto katne ki nuksa jong ka chgrp command. Type ïaka command: $ ls space -l space example4. Ñion Enter.
10:57	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi baka group permission kadei naka bynta u user shahid.
11:03	Ban pynkylla ïaka group permission, type ïaka command: $ sudo space chgrp space rohit space example4
11:20	ñion Enter. Thep ïaka sudo password lada donkam.
11:27	Mynta type ïaka command: $ ls space -l space example4. Ñion Enter.
11:38	Hangne, ngi lah ban iohi ba ïaka group la pynkylla na shahid sha rohit.
11:46	U 'inode number' udei u unique integer bala ai sha ka device.
11:51	U 'Inode' u buh ïaki basic information shaphang ka regular file lane ka directory.
11:57	Baroh ki file ki long hard-links sha ki inodes.
12:00	Lano ma baka program ka phai sha ka file daka kyrteng, ka system ka pyndonkam ïaka filename ba wad naka bynta u 'inode' uba ïadei bad kane.
12:12	Ngi lah ban pyndonkam ka 'ls space -i' command ban peit ïa u 'inode number' jong ka file.
12:19	Type ïaka command: $ ls space -i space example5. Ñion Enter.
12:29	Ki Number bala thoh shwa ka file udei u 'inode number' jong ka file.
12:35	ïaKi 'Inodes' la pynïasnoh thik tang bad kawei ka directory haka por.
12:41	Ki Hard-link kidei ban pynïasnoh ïa shibun ki directory entries da u single inode. Ka ln kadei ka command ban pynlong ïaka link.
12:52	Ka syntax jong ka ln command ban shna ïaka hard-link ka long:
12:57	ln space source space link hakaba ka 'source' kadei ka existing file bad 'link' kadei ka file ban shna.
13:06	Mynta ngin peit ïaki katto katne ki nuksa jong ki hard-link.
13:10	To ngan pynkhuid biang ïaka screen. Mynta type ïaka command: $ ln space example1 space exampleln ñion Enter.
13:25	Ban pyni ïa u 'inode number' jong baroh ar ki file, type ïaka command: $ ls space -i space example1 space exampleln ñion Enter.
13:41	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba u 'inode number' jong baroh ar tylli ki flle ki long kumjuh, file 'exampleln' kadei ka hard link naka bynta ka file 'example1'.
13:54	Ka Soft link symbolic link ka dei ka jaid file ba kyrpang kaba kynthup ïaka reference sha kawei pat ka file lane ka directory haka dur jong ka absolute lane relative path.
14:07	Ka syntax jong ka command ln ban shna ïaka soft-links ka dei:
14:12	ln space -s space {target-filename} space {symbolic-filename}
14:19	Mynta ngin peit ïaki katto katne ki nuksa jong ka soft-link.
14:25	Ban shna ïaka soft-link, type ïaka command: $ ln space -s space example1 space examplesoft
14:40	ñion Enter.
14:43	Mynta, ban pyni ïa u inode-number bad ka list jong baroh ar ki file, type ïaka command: $ ls space -li space example1 space examplesoft
15:01	ñion Enter.
15:03	Hangne ngi lah ban iohi ba u inode-number jong baroh ar ki file ki ïapher bad 'examplesoft' kadei ka soft-link jong ka example1.
15:16	Te, ha kane ka tutorial, ngi la pule shaphang ki Linux Files Attributes kum ban pynkylla ki permission, ka jinglong trai bad ka jing group ïaki file.
15:26	Ngi lah pule ruh shaphang ki inode, soft bad hard links jong ka file.
15:31	Kane ka wallam ïa ngi sha kaba kut jong kane ka spoken tutorial.
15:35	Ki Spoken Tutorials ka dei shi bynta jong ka Talk to a Teacher project, bala kyrshan daka National Mission on Education through ICT.
15:44	Khambun ka jingtip halor kane, kadon haka link harum.
15:50	ïa kane ka script la pynkylla sha ka Ktien Khasi da I Hezekiah Lyngdoh na Shillong. Khublei ba phi la ïasnohlang.

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