Python/C3/Getting-started-with-arrays/English

Visual Cue	Narration
Show Slide 1 Containing title, name of the production team along with the logo of MHRD	Hello friends and welcome to the spoken tutorial on 'Getting started with arrays'.
Show Slide 2 Learning objectives	At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, Create arrays using data. Create arrays from lists. Perform basic array operations. Create identity matrix. Use functions zeros(), zeros_like(), ones(), ones_like().
Show Slide 3 Pre-requisite slide	Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the tutorial on "Getting started with Lists".
Show Slide 4 Overview of array	Arrays are homogeneous data structures. Unlike lists, arrays cannot have heterogeneous data elements. They can have only one type of data as their entries, be them all integers, strings, or maybe floats, but not a mix. Arrays of a given length are comparatively much faster in mathematical operations than lists of the same length, because of the fact that they are homogeneous data structures. Now let us see how to create arrays.
Open the terminal and run the following command ipython -pylab	Run your IPython interpreter with -pylab option, to load the required modules to work with arrays.
a1 = array([1,2,3,4])	To create an array we will use the function array() as,
a2 = array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]])	Notice that we created a one dimensional array here. Also notice that the object we passed to create an array is a list. Now let us see how to create a two dimensional array. We create two dimensional array by converting a list of lists to an array as,
ar = arange(1,9) print ar	Now let us use arange() function to create the same array as before.
ar.reshape(2,4) ar.reshape(4,2) ar = ar.reshape(2,4)	As you can see, we obtained a one dimensional array with elements from 1 to 8. Now can we make it a two dimensional array of order 2 by 4? Yes,we can.For this we will have to use the function reshape(),
l1 = [1,2,3,4]	Hence,we got our two-dimensional array. Now, let us see how to convert a list object to an array. We define a list,say l1
a3 = array(l1)	Now to convert this list to an array,we use the array function as,
Show Slide 5 Shape of an array	To find the shape of an array we can use the method .shape, let us check the shape of the arrays we have created so far,
Switch to the terminal a2.shape	a2.shape object is a tuple, and it returned a tuple (2, 4).A tuple is nothing but an ordered list of elements. Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
Show Slide 6 Assignment 1	Find out the shape of the other arrays i.e. a1, a3, ar that we have created.
Continue from paused state Switch to the terminal a1.shape a3.shape ar.shape	Switch to the terminal for solution
a4 = array([1,2,3,'a string'])	Now let us try to create a new array with a mix of elements and see what will happen,
a4 Highlight all the array elements one by one using mouse movements accordingly	Well, we would expect an error as it has been previously mentioned that arrays handle elements with the same datatype, but it didn't raise an error. Let us check the values in the new array created. Type a4 in the terminal,
	Did you notice it, all the elements have been implicitly type casted as strings, though our first three elements were meant to be integers. Also,if you have noticed,we got something like 'dtype S8' in the output. dtype is nothing but the datatype which is the minimum type required to hold the objects in the sequence.
Show Slide 7 Identity & zeros methods	Let us now move on to study functions like zeros() and ones(). For this ,we will have to create a matrix. let us see how to create an identity matrix of a given size, that is a two-dimensional array in which all the diagonal elements are ones and rest of the elements are zeros. We can create an identity matrix using the function identity(). The function identity() takes an integer argument which specifies the size of the desired matrix,
Switch to the terminal identity(3)	As you can see the identity function returned a three by three square matrix with all the diagonal elements as one and the rest of the elements as zeros. zeros() function accepts a tuple, which is the order of the array that we want to create, and it generates an array with all elements as zeros. Let us create an array of the order four by five with all the elements zero. We can do it using the method zeros(),
zeros((4,5))	Notice that we passed a tuple to the function zeros. Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
Show Slide 8 Learning Assignment	Find out about the functions zeros_like() ones() ones_like() < pause for some time and then continue >
a1	Try the following, first check the value of a1,
a1 * 2	We see that a1 is a single dimensional array, Let us now try a1*2
a1	It returned a new array with all the elements multiplied by 2. Now let us again check the contents of a1
a1 + 2 a1	note that the value of a1 still remains the same. Similarly with addition,
a1 += 2	it returns a new array, with all the elements summed with two. But again notice that the value of a1 has not been changed. You may change the value of a1 by simply assigning the newly returned array as,
a	Notice the change in elements of a by typing 'a'
a1 = array([1,2,3,4]) a2 = array([1,2,3,4]) a1 + a2	We can use all the mathematical operations with arrays, Now let us try this
a1 * a2	This returns an array with element by element addition
	a1*a2 returns an array with element by element multiplication, notice that it does not perform matrix multiplication.
Show Slide 9 Summary slide	This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial, we have learnt to, Create an array using the array() function. Convert a list to an array. Perform some basic operations on arrays like addition,multiplication. Use functions like - .shape - arrange() - .reshape - zeros() & zeros_like() - ones() & ones_like()
Show Slide 10 Self assessment questions slide	Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve x = array([1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7]) is a valid statement True False What does the ones_like() function do? Returns an array of ones with the same shape and type as a given array. Return a new array of given shape and type, filled with ones.Read the statements and answer, Only statement A is correct. Only statement B is correct. Both statement A and B are correct. Both statement A and B are incorrect.
Show Slide 11 Solution of self assessment questions on slide	And the answers, False. The correct way would be to assign the elements as a list of lists and then convert it to an array Enumerated list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent. x = array([[1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7]]) The function ones_like() returns an array of ones with the same shape and type as a given array.
Show Slide 12 Acknowledgment slide	Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful. Thank you!

Contributors and Content Editors

Chandrika, Pravin1389