Java/C2/Using-this-keyword/English-timed

Time'	Narration
00:02	Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on using this keyword in java.
00:07	In this tutorial we will learn
00:09	About use of this keyword
00:11	To use this keyword with fields
00:14	To use this keyword for chaining of constructors.
00:17	Here we are using Ubuntu version 11.10 jdk 1.6 Eclipse 3.7.0
00:28	To follow this tutorial you must know
00:30	how to create a constructor in java using eclipse.
00:34	If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown, (http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)
00:40	Now we will see the use of this key word
00:44	Within a constructor, this is a reference to the current object.
00:48	We can refer any member of the current object within a constructor using this.
00:55	Now we will see the use of this keyword with fields.
01:00	this keyword helps us to avoid name conflicts.
01:07	We can see such an example here.
01:10	For that let us open Eclipse.
01:17	Open the Student class we had created in the earlier tutorial.
01:23	Comment the default constructor comment the constructor with 1 parameter.
01:40	Also comment the code for creating the first two objects.
02:03	Now, notice the parameterized constructor.
02:11	the_roll_number and the_name are the arguments passed to the constructor.
02:20	roll_number and name are the instance variables.
02:26	Now, let me change the arguments to roll_number and name itself.
02:39	So inside the constructor we have:
02:42	roll_number equal to roll_number and name equal to name.
02:55	Now Save and run the file.So pressCtrl ,Sand Ctrl, F11
03:04	We get the output as follows:
03:07	I am a Parameterized Constructor 0 null
03:12	Now come back to the code.
03:17	We see 2 warnings in the code.
03:20	Hover your mouse over the warning symbol.
03:23	We can see The assignment to the variable roll_number has no effect.
03:29	And The assignment to the variable name has no effect.
03:33	This is because in the constructor roll_number and name are local variables.
03:40	Local variables are variables that are accessible within the method or block.
03:47	Here, roll_number and name will be initialized to 11 and Raju.
03:54	Because we have passed the values 11 and Raju the constructor.
04:01	But once they come out of the constructor, it is not accessible.
04:06	Then the only roll_number and name we know are the instance variables.
04:13	They have been initialized to 0 and null already once the object is created.
04:18	So we got the output as 0 and null.
04:21	Now, let us make a small change inside the constructor.
04:29	So type this dot roll_number equal to roll_number.
04:37	And this dot name equal to name.
04:44	Now save and run the file. So press ctrl, S And Ctrl, F11 keys
04:51	We get the output as
04:53	I am Parameterized Constructor 11 and Raju
04:58	This is because this dot roll_number and this dot name refers to the instance variables roll_number and name.
05:12	And here roll_number and name are the arguments passed in the method.
05:19	To avoid confliction between local and instance variables we use this keyword.
05:29	Now we will see the use of this keywords for chaining of constructor.
05:34	We can use this keyword inside a constructor to call another one.
05:39	The constructors must be in the same class.
05:43	This is called explicit constructor invocation.
05:46	So let us come back to the Student class which we created.
05:53	Now Remove the comments.
06:28	Now comment the part to assign the instance variables to their values in the first two constructors.
06:52	Then Comment the part which creates the second and third objects.
07:08	Now let us first come to the constructor with no parameters.
07:16	After curly brackets type this within brackets 11 and semicolon.
07:28	Inside the second constructor type this within brackets 11 comma within double quotes Raju semicolon.
07:42	Now Save and Run the file. So press Ctrl,S and Ctrl , F11.
07:49	We get the output as
07:51	I am a Parameterized Constructor
07:54	I am a constructor with a single parameter
07:57	I am Default Constructor 11 and Raju
08:02	Now, I will explain the output.
08:08	When the object is created, the respective constructor gets called.
08:13	The constructor here is the no argument constructor.
08:20	The control comes to the first line in the constructor.
08:24	It encounters the this within brackets 11 statement.
08:26	Hence it calls the constructor that accepts single integer argument.
08:36	Then the control comes to this within brackets 11 comma Raju.
08:44	Hence it calls the constructor that accepts 1 integer and 1 String argument.
08:53	So this constructor is executed and we get the output as I am Parameterized Constructor.
09:02	Now the instance variables will be initialized to 11 and Raju.As we have passed.
09:11	Now, the control goes back to the calling constructor.
09:16	So the second constructor gets executed.
09:19	We get the output as I am constructor with a single parameter.
09:25	Then, the control goes to the first constructor and executes it.
09:30	So we get output as I am a default constructor.
09:36	Then studentDetail method is executed.
09:42	So, we get 11 and Raju.
09:45	Now, let us make a small change.
09:47	Make the this statement the last one in the constructor.
10:00	We get a compiler error.
10:03	Hover the mouse over the error symbol.
10:06	We get the error as:
10:07	Constructor call must be the first statement in the constructor.
10:12	So we must make it the first line of the constructor.
10:16	So make it the first line of the constructor.
10:27	Now we can see that the error has gone.
10:31	So in this tutorial, we learnt
10:35	To use this keyword with fields.
10:38	To use this keyword for chaining constructors
10:41	How this keyword should be used within a constructor.
10:45	For self assessment, in the Employee class created earlier:
10:49	Create a constructor with two parameters
10:52	Use this keyword to initialize the instance variables .
10:57	Also create a constructor with 1 and no parameters.
11:01	Try chaining the constructors using this as explained in the tutorial.
11:07	To know more about the Spoken Tutorial Project
11:09	Watch the video available at the following link http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial
11:12	It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
11:16	If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
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11:36	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
11:40	It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
11:46	More information on this Mission is available at http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
11:55	Thus We have come to the end of this tutorial.
11:58	This is Arya Ratish signing off. Thanks for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Arya Ratish, Gaurav, Kaushik Datta, PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14, Sneha