PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/Molecules-and-Geometry/English
Title of script: Molecules and Geometry
Author: Radhika Yadav
Keywords: PhET simulation, molecules, molecular geometry, electron geometry, molecular structure, bonds, bond angles, lone pairs, VSEPR theory, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
Visual Cue | Narration |
Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on Molecules and Geometry. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn how to:
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Slide Number 3
System Requirements |
This tutorial is recorded using,
macOS Catalina version 10.15.7 Google Chrome version 101.0.49 |
Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites
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To follow this tutorial,
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic chemistry.
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Slide Number 5
Link for PhET simulation
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Please use the given link to download the PhET simulation. |
Slide Number 6
PhET simulations |
In this tutorial, we will use,
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Point to the simulation in the Downloads folder
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I have already downloaded the simulation to my Downloads folder. |
Double click on the molecule-shapes_en.html file | To open the simulation, double click on the molecule-shapes_en.html file.
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Point to the simulation interface | This is the interface of the Molecule Shapes simulation. |
Open Settings menu at the bottom right.
Choose Options >> select Projector Mode. Click on X button. |
Click on the Settings menu list next to the PhET logo at the bottom right.
Close the menu. |
Point to each screen | The interface has two screens,
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Click on the Model screen | Click on the Model screen. |
Point to the molecule in the centre of the screen | In the centre, we have a model molecule.
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Point to the Bonding box at the top right.
Click on the bond type to add to the molecule.
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At the top right, we have Bonding box with single, double and triple bonds.
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Point to the Lone Pair box
Show arrow annotation to the violet ball in the model(3.01 to 3.12 min) |
Below the Bonding box, we have the Lone Pair box.
We can remove it by clicking on the red cross next to it.
It is bonded to the central atom in a molecule. |
Point to the Remove All option | The Remove All button removes all atoms and their bonds in the molecule. |
Point to the Options box | Options box at the bottom, has Show Lone Pairs, and Show Bond Angles checkboxes.
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Point to the Name box at the bottom right | The Name box at the bottom left has
Molecule Geometry and Electron Geometry checkboxes.
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Click the reset button. | The reset button will take us back to the start of the simulation. |
Check the Molecule Geometry and Electron Geometry checkboxes | Check the Molecule Geometry and Electron Geometry checkboxes.
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Check the Show Bond Angles checkbox.
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Check the Show Bond Angles checkbox.
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Click on the double bonded atom in the Bonding box | Let us add a double bonded atom to the molecule. |
Point to the Name box | The Molecule and Electron geometries are Trigonal Planar. |
Point to the molecule | The bond angle between each bond is 120 degrees. |
Click on the lone pair atom in the Lone Pair box | Let us add a lone pair of electrons to the molecule. |
Point to the Name box | The molecule geometry is Trigonal Pyramidal.
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Point to the molecule | The bond angle between each bond is 109.5 degrees. |
Click on the triple bonded atom in the Bonding box | Let us now add a triple bonded atom to the molecule. |
Point to the Name box | The Molecule geometry is Seesaw.
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Point to the molecule | The bond angle between a single bond and the double bond is 120 degrees.
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Slide Number 7
Assignment
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As an assignment, build molecules that have the following geometries.
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Click on the Real Molecules screen | Click on the Real Molecules screen.
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Point to the Real and Model options at the top | There are two options to view the molecule at the top.
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Select the Model option
Select the Real option |
The second is the Model option to show the shape predicted by the VSEPR model.
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Point to the Molecule box | At the top right, we have a Molecule dropdown.
Water molecule (H2O) is selected by default. |
Point to the molecule | This is the water molecule.
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Open settings menu and select Show Outer Lone Pairs
Click on X button. |
Click on the Settings menu list next to the PhET logo at the bottom right.
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Point to the molecule | In the water molecule, only oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs. |
Check the Molecule Geometry and Electron Geometry checkboxes | Check the Molecule Geometry and Electron Geometry checkboxes.
The Electron Geometry is Tetrahedral. |
Check the Show Bond Angles checkbox | Check the Show Bond Angles checkbox. |
Point to the molecule | The bond angle between the two single bonds is 104.5 degrees. |
Click on the Model option | Click on the Model option. |
Point to the molecule | The VSEPR model predicts the bond angle to be 109.5 degrees.
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Click on the Real option | Click on the Real option again. |
Select XeF4 molecule from the drop down list | Let us select another molecule from the drop down list. |
Point to the molecule | This is Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) molecule. |
Open Settings menu and unselect Show Outer Lone Pairs check box. | We can hide the outer lone pairs of the molecule. |
Point to the molecule | The molecule has 4 single bonds and 2 lone pairs on the central atom. |
Point to the Name box | The Molecule Geometry is Square Planar.
The Electron Geometry is Octahedral. |
Point to the molecule | Click on the screen near the molecule to move the molecule around.
Change its perspective such that all bond angles are visible.
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Click on the Model option | Click on the Model option. |
Point to the molecule | In this case, the bond angle remains the same.
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Slide Number 8
Assignment |
As an assignment,
Check the geometries of all remaining molecules in the list.
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Only Narration. | With this, we have come to the end of this tutorial.
Let us summarise. |
Slide number 9
Summary |
In this tutorial, we have learnt how to:
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Slide number 10
About the Spoken Tutorial project |
The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
Slide number 11
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us. |
Slide number 12
Forum for specific questions
Please visit this site. Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly. The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer. You will have to register to ask questions.
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Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
Slide number 13
Acknowledgement |
The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. |
Slide number 14
Thank you |
This is Radhika Yadav, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off.
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