OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Introduction-to-LDmicro/English

Visual Cue	Narration
Slide 1:	Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Introduction to LDmicro.
Slide 2: Learning Objectives Explore LDmicro interface Create a simple ladder logic	In this tutorial, we will Explore LDmicro interface and Create a simple ladder logic
Slide 3: System Requirements Ubuntu Linux 18.04 operating system LDmicro	To record this tutorial I am using: Ubuntu Linux 18.04 operating system and LDmicro
Slide 4: Pre-requisites LDmicro should have installed on your system If not, please refer to the relevant LDMicro tutorials on this website https://spoken-tutorial.org	To follow this tutorial, you should have LDmicro installed on your system. If not, please refer to the relevant LDMicro tutorials on this website.
Type LDmicro Click on LDmicro icon	Let us launch the ‘LDmicro’ interface in linux. Go to the unity search bar and type ‘LDmicro’. Double click on the ‘LDmicro’ icon.
Open terminal Type ldmicro	You can also launch LDmciro through terminal. Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T keys simultaneously. Type ldmicro. Note that all the letters in LDmicro are small case. Press ENTER.
narration	Windows users can launch it by double-clicking the executable file.
	We can see Program editor window opens.
Point rungs	The horizontal lines in which we write our ladder diagram are called Rungs. The Rung with ‘END’ instruction denotes the end of the ladder diagram.
Point rails	The two vertical lines at the start and end of each rung are called Rails.
Point left rail Point right rail	The left rail is connected to Positive, and the right rail is connected to Ground.
Show the direction of current flow	Thus, the current flows from left rail to right rail.
Highlight ‘Instructions’	Now, we’ll see about instructions
Slide 4: Instructions Mainly two types, Input and Output instructions Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung Minimum of one output instruction in a rung	* In ladder logic, we categorize instructions mainly as input and output instructions. Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung Every rung must have a minimum of one output instruction.
	Now we will learn how to place instructions in LDmicro.
Switch back to LDmicro Click on ‘Instructions’ and highlight the elements	Switch back to LDmicro interface. In the top menu bar, click on Instructions. There are many elements available under Instructions.
Point cursor	Every instruction is placed at the current cursor position.
Instruction >> Insert Contact Highlight the Keyboard shortcuts	We will first place a contact by clicking on Instructions -> Insert Contacts. The letter ‘C’ in the Insert Contacts menu represents the keyboard shortcut. You can either use the menu or the shortcut keys to place the instruction. We can see that the cursor is blinking before the new Contact.
Point to Xnew	We can now see that the contact is inserted at the current cursor position. It is named as Xnew by default.
Point to I/O list	We can see a I/O list at the bottom of the window. All the variables used in the program will be displayed in this I/O list.
Point to the icon and show the tooltip	Below the menu bar, you can see a toolbar with icons which are frequently used. For example, the first icon is ‘Normal contact’. You can use this tool bar as well to place instructions.
Demo of cursor position	Next we will place a Coil. For that, place the cursor to the right end of the Contact. This can be done by clicking with the mouse pointer at the appropriate position. Otherwise with the help of arrow keys you can change the cursor position.
click on Instructions->Insert Coil	In the menu bar, click on Instructions->Insert Coil.
Highlight Contact and Coil	We can observe that the contact appears red whereas coil in white. This is because an instruction gets highlighted when cursor is placed near it.
Highlight the coil and right power rail	Here, the coil is placed automatically at the extreme right of the rung. This is because it is an output instruction.
Place the cursor on the right side of the coil Click on ‘Instructions’ HIghlight Instructions list	Try placing an instruction to the right of the Coil. Place the cursor to the right of the coil. Click on ‘Instructions’. We can see that no instruction is enabled.
	Therefore, no other instruction can be placed at the right of an output instruction.
Place the cursor on the right side of the coil Click on ‘Instructions’ Highlight ‘Insert Contact’ Highlight ‘Insert Coil’	If we move the cursor to the left of the coil, we can place another contact. But we cannot place a coil. Place the cursor to the left of the coil. Click on Instructions.
Highlight the instructions which are disabled	We can observe few instructions are disabled. These are output instructions.
Highlight instructions on Instructions list except ‘Insert Contact’	Contact is an example of an input instruction. There are many such input instructions. We will learn about different instructions and their behavior later in this series.
	We can even add multiple input and output instructions in a single rung.
Slide 5: Multiple inputs and Multiple outputs Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel. Multiple outputs in series is not preferred. We can add multiple outputs in parallel.	* Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel. Whereas, multiple outputs in series is not preferred. However, we can add multiple outputs in parallel.
Switch back to LDmicro	Switch back to LDmicro.
Place the cursor below the ‘switch’	First, we will see how to place input instructions in parallel. Place the cursor below the Contact. We can see the cursor blinking horizontally.
Click Instruction >> Insert Contacts	Insert a Contact by clicking Normal Contact icon.
Place the cursor to the right of the first contact Click ‘Normal Contact’ icon	Now, we will see how to place input instructions in series. We can add another contact in series to the first Contact. Place the cursor to the right of the first Contact. Now, we can see the cursor blinking vertically. Insert Contact as shown.
Place the cursor below the coil Click on ‘Normal Coil’ icon Highlight both the coils in parallel	Similarly, we can add Coils in parallel as shown.
Place cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung. Click on ‘Instructions’ Point ‘Insert Coil’	Let us try to add two coils in series. Place the cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung. Click on Instructions. Notice that we are unable to add coils in series.
Highlight ‘Edit’ in the top menu bar	We can also delete a particular instruction or an entire rung. Now let us see how to delete.
Select the Contact in series with ‘switch’ Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’	Select the newly added contact which is in series with the first Contact. In the menu bar, Click on ‘Edit’ Click ‘Delete Selected element’
Select the Contact in parallel with ‘switch’ Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’	Similarly, delete the contact in parallel to the first Contact and Coil parallel to the first coil.
Click ‘Edit >> Insert Rung after’ Highlight ‘Insert Rung Before’	Now, we’ll add a new rung. Click on ‘Edit’. We can see options such as Insert Rung after, Insert Rung Before. I’ll select Insert Rung after.
Place the cursor on the new rung Click ‘instructions >> Insert Coil’	Now insert a coil in the newly added rung as shown.
	Now, we’ll see how to change the default names of these instructions.
Double-click on the contact Change the name to ‘switch’ Highlight the other options i.e ‘Input pin’ etc. Click OK	Double-click on the contact. A dialog box opens. Change its name in the Name text box to ‘switch’. Click on the OK button.
Double-click on the Coil Change the name to ‘LED1’ Click OK	Similarly, change the name of the Coil in first rung to LED1.
Double-click on the Coil Change the name to ‘LED2’ Click OK	Change the name of the Coil in second rung to LED2.
Highlight the ‘YLED1’ in I/O list	The reflected names will appear in the I/O list.
Point to X and Y	We can notice an X prefixed before the name of the Contact and Y for Coil. The first letter is prefixed for some instructions by default.
Click ‘Help’ >> Click ‘Manual’	Let us see the manual of LDmicro for prefixed naming convention. In the menu bar, click on Help and then Manual.
Highlight the prefixes list.	Scroll down. Under ‘BASICS’ we can find the list. These are the prefixes if we create a variable called ‘name’. The prefixed letter indicates what kind of object it is. Close the manual.
Click ‘File -> Save’	Let us save the file. Click on File and then ‘Save’. Save pop up window appears. The ladder logic files are saved with the extension .ld
Type sample.ld	I’ll save it as sample.ld in ‘LDmicro’ folder on the Desktop.
	This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.
Slide 8:Summary Explore LDmicro interface Create a simple ladder logic	In this tutorial, we learnt to Explore LDmicro interface Create a simple ladder logic
Slide 9: About Spoken Tutorial project	The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project. Please download and watch it
Slide 10: Spoken Tutorial workshops	The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us
Slide 11: Forum for specific questions:	* Please post your timed queries in this forum.
Slide 12: Forum for specific questions:	Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC? Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.
Slide 13: Acknowledgement	Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.
Slide 14: Thank you slide	This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay. And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off. Thanks for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Nancyvarkey, Nirmala Venkat, Priyanka.guntaka123