DWSIM/C2/Plug-Flow-Reactor/English-timed
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Simulating a Plug Flow Reactor(PFR) in DWSIM. |
| 00:07 | In this tutorial, we will learn to: Define a kinetic reaction |
| 00:13 | Simulate a Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) |
| 00:16 | Calculate Conversion and Residence time for a reaction in a PFR. |
| 00:22 | To record this tutorial, I am using DWSIM 4.3 and Windows 7 |
| 00:30 | The process demonstrated in this tutorial is identical in other OS also, such as- Linux, Mac OS X or FOSSEE OS on ARM. |
| 00:42 | To practice this tutorial, you should know : how to add components to a flowsheet |
| 00:49 | How to select thermodynamic packages |
| 00:53 | How to add material and energy streams and specify their properties. |
| 00:59 | The prerequisite tutorials are mentioned on our website |
| 01:04 | You can access these tutorials and all the associated files from this site. |
| 01:10 | We will develop a flowsheet to determine the exit composition from an Isothermal PFR. |
| 01:16 | Here we give reaction, property package and inlet stream conditions. |
| 01:22 | Next, we give Reactor Parameters and reaction kinetics. |
| 01:28 | I have already opened DWSIM on my machine. |
| 01:33 | Go to File menu and select New Steady-state Simulation. |
| 01:38 | Simulation Configuration Wizard window appears. |
| 01:42 | At the bottom, click on Next. |
| 01:45 | First, we will add the compounds. |
| 01:48 | In the Compounds Search tab, type Nitrogen. |
| 01:52 | Select Nitrogen from ChemSep database. |
| 01:56 | Similarly, add Hydrogen from ChemSep database. |
| 02:01 | Next, add Ammonia from ChemSep database. Now, all the compounds are added.
Click on Next. |
| 02:11 | Now comes Property Packages. |
| 02:14 | From Available Property Packages, double-click on Peng-Robinson (PR).
Then click on Next. |
| 02:21 | We are moved to Flash Algorithm. |
| 02:24 | From Default Flash Algorithm select Nested Loops(VLE). Click on Next. |
| 02:31 | Next option is System of Units. |
| 02:35 | Under System of Units select C5. |
| 02:39 | It has the desired system of units according to our problem statement. |
| 02:44 | Then click on Finish. |
| 02:47 | Let us maximize the simulation window. |
| 02:50 | Now let’s insert a feed stream that enters the PFR. |
| 02:55 | On the right hand side of main simulation window, go to Object Palette. |
| 03:00 | From Streams section, drag and drop a Material Stream to the Flowsheet. |
| 03:05 | Click on Material Stream “MSTR-000” to view its properties. |
| 03:11 | Let’s change the name of this stream to Feed. |
| 03:15 | Now we will specify the Feed stream properties. |
| 03:18 | Under Input Data, select Flash Spec as Temperature and Pressure (TP), if not already selected. |
| 03:26 | By default, Temperature and Pressure are already selected as Flash Spec.
So let’s not change it. |
| 03:33 | Change Temperature to 425 degC and press Enter to accept the new value. |
| 03:41 | Change Pressure to 200 bar and press Enter. |
| 03:46 | Change Mass Flow to 3600 kg/h and press Enter. |
| 03:52 | Now let us specify the feed stream compositions. |
| 03:57 | Under Composition, choose the Basis as Mole Fractions, if not already selected. |
| 04:05 | By default, Mole Fractions is already selected as Basis. So, let’s not change it. |
| 04:11 | Now for Nitrogen, enter the Amount as 0.5 and press Enter. |
| 04:18 | Similarly, for Hydrogen, enter it as 0.5 and press Enter. |
| 04:25 | For Ammonia, enter 0 and press Enter. |
| 04:30 | On the right, click on this green tick to Accept Changes. |
| 04:34 | Now we will define the Kinetic Reaction. |
| 04:38 | Under Tools, click on Reactions Manager. |
| 04:42 | Chemical Reactions Manager window opens. |
| 04:46 | Under Chemical Reactions tab, click on the green coloured Add Reaction button. |
| 04:52 | Then click on Kinetic. |
| 04:55 | Add New Kinetic Reactions window opens. |
| 04:59 | First part is Identification. Under Identification, enter the Name as Ammonia Synthesis. |
| 05:08 | Next, enter the Description. |
| 05:11 | “Irreversible reaction for synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen” |
| 05:17 | Next part is a table of Components, Stoichiometry and Reaction Orders. |
| 05:23 | First column Name, shows the available components here. |
| 05:28 | Second column corresponds to its Molar Weight. |
| 05:32 | Next column is Include. It indicates the components which will take part in the reaction. |
| 05:39 | Under Include, check all the check boxes against all the components’ names. |
| 05:44 | Fourth column is BC. It indicates the base component of the reaction. |
| 05:51 | Under BC, check the Nitrogen check box as Nitrogen is the base component. |
| 05:57 | Next column is Stoich. Coeff. (stoichiometric coefficients) |
| 06:01 | Under Stoic Coeff column, enter:
-3 for Hydrogen, and for Ammonia 2 Then press Enter. |
| 06:15 | Negative sign is to indicate the components as Reactants. |
| 06:20 | In the Stoichiometry field, we can see it is showing OK. |
| 06:25 | So the reaction is balanced after entering the stoichiometric coefficients. |
| 06:31 | Here the Equation field shows the reaction equation. |
| 06:36 | Next column is DO, which indicates direct/forward reaction order. |
| 06:43 | We are considering the reaction to be First order with respect to Nitrogen. |
| 06:49 | So we will enter 1 in the DO column against Nitrogen. And then press Enter. |
| 06:57 | Next column is RO which indicates reverse reaction order. |
| 07:03 | Since we are considering an irreversible reaction, we will not enter anything here. |
| 07:09 | Then comes Kinetic Reactions Parameters. |
| 07:13 | Our rate is in terms of molar concentration. |
| 07:17 | So, we will select Basis as Molar Concentrations. |
| 07:21 | Select Fase as Vapor. |
| 07:25 | Next is Tmin and Tmax. |
| 07:29 | It gives temperature range within which rate expression is assumed to be valid. |
| 07:35 | So, enter Tmin (K) as 500 and Tmax (K) as 2000. |
| 07:41 | Now go to Direct and Reverse Reactions Velocity Constant. |
| 07:46 | In Direct Reaction, enter A as 0.004 |
| 07:51 | Click OK and close the Chemical Reactions Manager window. |
| 07:57 | Now let us insert a Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) into the flowsheet. |
| 08:02 | Go to Object Palette. |
| 08:04 | Under Unit Operations, click on Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR). Click on it and drag it to the flowsheet. |
| 08:11 | Let us now arrange it as required. |
| 08:14 | We will insert one Output Stream. To do so, drag one Material Stream. |
| 08:20 | Let us once again arrange it. As this is an output stream, we will leave it unspecified. |
| 08:27 | We will change the name of this stream to Product. |
| 08:31 | Next, we will insert one Energy Stream. And name this stream as Energy. |
| 08:38 | We are now ready to specify the Plug-Flow Reactor. Click on it. |
| 08:44 | On the left, we can see a tab displaying properties related to the PFR. |
| 08:50 | This tab is called Property Editor Window. |
| 08:54 | Under Connections, click on the drop-down against Inlet Stream. and select Feed. |
| 09:01 | Next, click on the drop-down against Outlet Stream and select Product. |
| 09:07 | Then click on the drop-down against Energy Stream and select Energy. |
| 09:13 | Now go to the next section, Calculation Parameters. |
| 09:18 | Here, the first option is Reaction Set. By default, it is Default Set. |
| 09:26 | Since we have only one reaction, we leave it as it is. |
| 09:31 | Next, click on the drop-down against Calculation Mode. Select Isothermic. |
| 09:38 | Then click on the field against Reactor Volume and enter 1 meter cube
Then press Enter. |
| 09:47 | Click on the field against Reactor length and enter it as 1.5 m.
Then press Enter. |
| 09:56 | Now we will run the simulation. |
| 09:59 | So, from the toolbar click on Solve Flowsheet button. |
| 10:04 | When the calculations are completed, click on PFR in the Flowsheet. |
| 10:09 | From the Property Editor Window of PFR locate Results section. |
| 10:15 | Under General tab, check Residence time. It is 0.013 hour. |
| 10:23 | Under Conversions tab, check conversion for both the reacting compounds. |
| 10:29 | For Nitrogen, the conversion is 17.91% and for Hydrogen, it is 53.73%. |
| 10:40 | Now we will check the material balances. |
| 10:44 | Go to Insert menu and select Master Property Table. |
| 10:49 | Double click on the Master Property Table to edit it. |
| 10:53 | Configure Master Property Table window opens. |
| 10:57 | Enter Name as Results - Plug Flow Reactor |
| 11:01 | Enter Object Type as Material Stream. |
| 11:05 | By default, Material Stream is already selected. So we will not change it. |
| 11:11 | Under Properties to display, select Object as Feed and Product. |
| 11:17 | Under Property, scroll down to see all the parameters. |
| 11:22 | Now select the properties as:
Temperature Pressure Mass Flow Molar Flow |
| 11:32 | Vapor Phase Volumetric Fraction |
| 11:36 | Molar Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen |
| 11:39 | Mass Flow (Mixture) / Nitrogen |
| 11:42 | Molar Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen |
| 11:45 | Mass Flow (Mixture) / Hydrogen |
| 11:48 | Molar Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia |
| 11:51 | Mass Flow (Mixture) / Ammonia |
| 11:54 | Close this window. |
| 11:56 | Move the Master Property Table for better visibility. |
| 12:01 | Here we can see the corresponding results for Product and Feed. |
| 12:06 | Let us summarize. |
| 12:08 | In this tutorial, we have learnt to Define a kinetic reaction |
| 12:14 | Simulate a Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) |
| 12:17 | Calculate Conversion and Residence time for a reaction in a PFR |
| 12:23 | As an assignment, Repeat this simulation with different compounds and thermodynamics. |
| 12:29 | Different feed conditions |
| 12:31 | Different PFR dimensions and reaction kinetics |
| 12:36 | Watch the video available at following link. |
| 12:38 | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
| 12:42 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team, Conducts workshops Gives certificates |
| 12:48 | For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| 12:51 | Please post your times queries in this forum. |
| 12:55 | The FOSSEE team coordinates coding of solved examples of popular books. |
| 13:00 | We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this. |
| 13:05 | For more details, please visit this site. |
| 13:09 | The FOSSEE team helps migrate commercial simulator labs to DWSIM. |
| 13:14 | We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this. |
| 13:19 | For more details, please visit this site |
| 13:23 | The FOSSEE team coordinates conversion of existing flow sheets into DWSIM. |
| 13:29 | We give honorarium and certificates for those who do this. For more details, please visit this site. |
| 13:37 | Spoken Tutorial and FOSSEE projects are funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
| 13:45 | This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Priyam Nayak.
Thanks for joining. |
