Linux/C2/File-System/Khasi

Time	Narration
00:00	Pdiang sngewbha sha ka spoken tutorial halor ka Linux File System.
00:04	Nga pyndonkam ka Ubuntu 10.04.
00:07	Ngi ngeit ba phi la tip kumno ban plie sdang ïaka Linux operating system bad phi don katto katne ka jingtip ba malu mala shaphang ki commands.
00:13	Lada phi sngewkwah tip shuh shuh, kadon ha kawei pat ka spoken tutorial, haka website http://spoken-tutorial.org
00:25	Bad kynmaw ruh ba ka Linux ka long case sensitive.
00:28	Baroh ki commands bala pyndonkam ha kane ka tutorial ki long haki lower case tad ynda ong da kumwei.
00:36	Haka Linux jan baroh kadei ka file.
00:39	Te kaei ka file? Haka ba shisha, ka file kadei ka file ha kaba ngi thep ïaki document bad ki kot ki sla jong ngi.
00:47	Kumjuh ruh, ka Linux file kadei ka jaka buh ban buh ïaki thup jingtip.
00:53	Kaba bud, kaei ka directory?
00:56	Lah ban sngewthuh ïaka “directory” kum ka jinglumthup ki file bad kiwei pat ki (sub)directory.
01:02	Ka directory ka ïarap ïa ngi ban pynbeit ïaki file jong ngi haka rukom kaba beit.
01:08	Kane ka long kumba ngi khot “folder” haka Windows.
01:12	Ka pynlah ïaki nongpyndonkam bapher bapher ban don laki jong ki directory bad ki file jong ki kiba kiwei kim lah ban peit lane pynkylla.
01:20	Bad ruh, lada ymdon ka directory, baroh ki file haka system ki donkam ban don ki kyrteng bapher kaba ynshem jingeh bha ban sumar ïaki.
01:31	Wat la kine ki jingbatai ïaki file bad directory ki long ba bha ban ioh ïaka jingsngewthuh ba kyllum shaphang jong ki, kim long lut kiba dei.
01:42	Kumjuh ruh ïaki content jong ka, ka file ka don ïaka kyrteng bad katto katne ki properties lane ki “administrative information”; kata ka long, ka tarik bala shna/pynkylla iaka file bad ki permissions jong ka.
01:55	ïaki properties lah buh haka inode jong ka file, ka block ba kyrpang jong ki data haka file system kaba kynthup ruh ïa ka jingjrong jong ka file bad hangno bala buh ïaka haka disk.
02:08	Ka system ka pyndonkam ïak u number inode jong ka file; Ka directory structure ka shu jer kyrteng ïaka file naka bynta ka jingmyntoi jong ngi naba kan kham suk ïangi ban kynmaw ïaki kyrteng ban ïa shibun ki dak jingkheiñ.
02:23	Mar khongpong ïa ki jingbatai bala pynsuk palat, ka directory haka jingshisha kam buh ïa kiwei pat ki file, kadei maka hi kaba bat ïaki 'inode' number bad ki kyrteng jong kiwei ki file.
02:37	Haka jingshisha, haka Linux, kidon lai jaid ki file:
02:41	1 Regular Files lane Ordinary files: Ka kynthup tang ïaki data kum ka jingtuid jong ki character.
02:48	2 Directories: Kumba ngi dang shu peit haki slide ba hashwa.
02:52	3 Device Files: Baroh ki tiar hardware bad ki peripheral la pyni ïaki haka Linux kum ki file.
02:59	Ka CD, ka Hard disk lane wat u 'usb' stick, baroh kidei ki file haka Linux. Hynrei balei ka long kumta? Kane ka ïarap ban read bad write ïa kine ki device haka rukom ba ïasyriem bad kito ki ordinary file.
03:15	Baroh ki file haka Linux kidon jingïadei, ban shu ong lyngkot, baroh ki pynlong ïaka longing kumba ngi leh ma ngi.
03:22	Ka directory ka kynthup lehse katto katne ki file bad ki sub-directories kan don ïa ka jingïadei shikpa shi khun para maki. Kane ka pynlong ïaka Linux File System Tree.
03:34	Ha khlieh duh u dei u root (bala pyni kdew da u front-slash /). Ka kynthup ïa baroh kiwei pat ki file bad directories.
03:42	Kane ruh ka ïarap ban pynïaid na kawei ka file lane directory sha kawei pat, lada ngi tip ïaka path kaba dei.
03:51	Katba ngi dang trei bad ka Linux file system, ka ï kumba ngi ïaid ryngkat bad une u dieng.
03:56	Kawei ka command bad la rah ïa phi na kawei ka jaka sha kawei pat.
04:01	Ka sngew tynnad bha!! Kadei shisha. Kumba ngin sa ïa peit.
04:05	Haba ngi login shaka Linux system, dakaba long hi ngi don haka home directory.
04:11	Mynta, phai pat sha u terminal.
04:13	U Ctrl+alt+T u ïarap ban sdang ïa u terminal haka Ubuntu.
04:17	Kane ka command ka lah ban ym treikam ha baroh ki Unix systems, Watla katta ruh. Ka rukom ba kyllum ban plie ïa u terminal lahdep batai ha kawei pat ka spoken tutorial.
04:27	Ban peit ïaka home directory , Type ha u command prompt: "echo space dollar H-O-M-E haki dak heh" bad ñion Enter.
04:40	Kane ka ai ïaka pathname jong ka home directory jong ngi.
04:44	Ngi lah ban ïaid lyngba na kawei ka directory sha kawei pat.
04:47	Hynrei, ha kano kano ka por ngi lah ban don ha kawei ka directory bad ïa kane ka directory la tip ïaka kum ka current directory lane working directory. Mynta leit phai biang sha ki slides.
04:56	Ka pwd command ka ïarap ïa ngi ban ïohi ïaka current directory. 'pwd' ka ïeng naka bynta present working directory.
05:03	Type ha u command prompt: "pwd" bad ñion Enter. Mynta kane ka dei ka working directory jong ngi ba mynta .
05:13	Ngi lah ong ba ngi lah ban leit na kawei ka directory sha kawei pat.
05:17	Hynrei kumno ngin leh ïa kata? Ngi don ïaka cd command naka bynta kane ka jingthmu.
05:22	Phi donkam ban type ïaka command cd pynbud da ka 'pathname' jong ka directory kaba phi kwah ban leit.
05:28	To ngin peit biang ïaka current directory dakaba type pwd ha u command prompt bad ñion Enter.
05:37	Te, mynta, la buh ïa ngi ha kane ka directory.
05:41	Lehse mynta ngi kwah ban leit sha u slash usr directory. Te, type "cd space slash usr" . Kynmaw hangne ba u slash haka Linux ka mut front slash bad ñion Enter.
05:56	Mynta to ngin peit ïaka current directory jong ngi. Type pwd bad ñion Enter.
06:03	Hooid! Ngi lah kynriah sha ka slash usr (/usr) directory.
06:08	Ka jingeh hangne ka long ba ki pathname ki lah ban jrong bha, kane ka long namar kine ki dei ki Absolute Pathnames kiba list ïa baroh ki path dakaba sdang naka root directory.
06:18	Ha jaka kata, ngi lah ban pyndonkam ka Relative pathnames kaba sdang naka current directory.
06:23	Hangne ngi donkam ban tip ïa ar tylli ki special character. dot u ba pyni ïaka current directory bad dot dot uba pyni ïaka parent directory jong ka current directory.
06:36	Mynta, to ngin batai khyndiat shaphang ka cd command.
06:40	Ka command cd khlem kano kano ka argument la pyndonkam ban leit phai biang sha ka home directory.
06:46	Type ha u command prompt: "cd" bad ñion Enter.
06:51	Mynta peit ïaka current directory jong ngi daka pwd command.
06:55	Te, mynta ngi la phai biang sha ka home directory jong ngi. /home/gnuhata [ narration- slash home slash gnuhata ]
07:01	Mynta, to ngin leit sha ka music directory. Type ha u command prompt: "cd space Music(M haki dak heh) slash" bad ñion Enter.
07:13	Mynta peit ïaka current directory jong ngi daka 'pwd' command. pwd bad ñion Enter. Peit, ngi lah kynriah sha /home/gnuhata/Music
07:26	To ngin leit shaka parent directory naka Music. Na bynta kata, phi dei ban pyndonkam u cd command ryngkat u 'dot dot'.
07:33	Type ha u command prompt: cd space dot dot bad ñion Enter.
07:40	Mynta, peit ïaka present directory jong ngi dakaba type pwd. Ngi la don biang haka /home/gnuhata.
07:51	Mynta to ngin pyrshang ban leit sha ka subdirectory jong ka current directory pyndonkam u dot.
07:58	Type ha u command prompt: cd space dot slash Documents(D haki dak heh) slash. Ñion Enter.
08:09	Peit ïaka current directory jong ngi dakaba type 'pwd'. Ngi lahdon ha /home/gnuhata/Documents.
08:19	To ngan clear ïaka screen dakaba ñion control L. khnang ba phin lah ban iohi shai.
08:23	Ban leit phai biang shaka home directory jong ngi da u 'cd' command, type cd bad ñion Enter.
08:32	Peit biang ïaka current directory jong ngi daka 'pwd' command. Ngi la wanphai sha /home/gnuhata .
08:41	Ngi lah ban kyllum lang ïa uno uno u number jong.. [narration - dot dot] pynïakhlad da u / [narration- slash] haka relative path .
08:47	Ha kane ka slide, ngi lah ban iohi ïaka file system hierarchy. Root lane '/' u don ha khlieh. home bad bin kidei ki ar tylli ki sub-directories hapoh u root. Ka username, hangne ka directory ba kyrteng gnuhata kadei ka sub-directory hapoh jong ka home.
09:05	Te, mynta ngi don ha /home/gnuhata. Mynta kumno ngi lah ban leit shaka 'bin' directory?
09:12	Type ha u command prompt: "cd space dot dot slash dot dot slash bin" bad ñion Enter.
09:23	Peit ïaka current directory jong ngi daka command pwd. Ngi don ha /bin [narration - slash bin]
09:30	Ki .. ar tylli sha khmat [narration-dot dot] ka rah ïa ngi naka /home/gnuhata [narration - slash home slash gnuhata] sha /home [narration - slash home].
09:37	Kaba bud ka rah ïa ngi na /home sha root.
09:43	Mynta na '/' lane 'root', ngi lah kynriah sha ka '/bin' directory.
09:48	Leit phai biang sha ka home directory jong ngi daka command 'cd'.
09:52	Ban shna ïaka directory, ngi pyndonkam ïaka mkdir command.
09:56	Phi donkam ban type ïaka command bad ka kyrteng jong ka directory ban shna bad ïaka directory ynsa shna hapoh jong ka current directory.
10:04	Ban shna ïaka directory ba kyrteng 'testdir', type ïaka command: "mkdir space testdir" bad ñion Enter.
10:15	Kane ka shna ïaka 'testdir' directory dakaba jop.
10:19	Peit thuh ba, kam don ka jingpyni shabar ïaka jingshna lane ka jingweng ïaka directory.
10:25	Lada phim ioh kano kano ka error message, ka pyni ba kala jingtreikam ka ïaid beit.
10:30	Ngi lah ruh ban pyndonkam ïaka relative or absolute pathname ban shna ïaka directory hangno hangno ha u dieng, lada ngi don ïaka jingpynlah ban leh kumta, bad lada ka kyrteng jong kata ka directory kam pat don lypa.
10:43	ïa Kane ka rukom lah ban pyndonkam naka bynta ban shna bun tylli ki directory lane wat ka kyrdan jong ki directory.
10:49	Type "mkdir space test1 space test2" bad ñion Enter , kane kan pynlong ar tylli ki directory ba kyrteng test1 bad test2 hapoh ka present directory.
11:06	Type "mkdir space testtree space testtree slash test3".
11:20	Kane kan pynlong ïaka directory 'testtree' bad sa kawei ka directory 'test3' kaba long ka sub-directory hapoh ka 'testtree'.
11:28	Te, ngi lahdep shna saw tylli ki directory kata, testdir,test1,test2 bad testtree haka current directory, na kita, lai tylli naki ki long ba thylli bad kaba khadduh ka kynthup ïaka subdirectory kaba kyrteng test3.
11:47	Kaba ïasyriem ïaka mkdir kadei ka rmdir command kaba pyndonkam ban removing ïaka directory lane ki directory.
11:56	Ka command "rmdir space test1" ka weng ïaka test1 directory.
12:09	ïaka directory lah ban weng tang lada phi dei u trai jong ka, ka current directory jong phi kadei kaba shong kyrdan halor jong ka directory ka ban weng bad ka long kaba thylli.
12:23	Mynta type ha u command prompt: "cd space testtree slash test3"
12:35	Te, mynta ngi don haka test3 directory kaba long ka subdirectory hapoh jong ka testtree.
12:42	To ngin pyrshang ban weng ïaka testdir directory dakaba type ïaka command "rmdir space testdir". Ñion Enter.
12:55	Ngi lah ban iohi ba ymlah ban leh satia, namar ka current directory kam shong kyrdan halor jong ka directory kaba yn weng.
13:02	Te, ngi donkam ban leit sha ka directory kaba shong kyrdan halor jong ka testdir directory.
13:08	Type: "cd space dot dot" bad ñion Enter.
13:14	Mynta, phai biang sha ka parent directory jong ngi dakaba type ïaka command "cd space dot dot".
13:20	Mynta, pyrshang biang ïaka command ba hashwa.
13:24	Type "rmdir space testdir". Ñion Enter.
13:30	Lah weng suk ïaka 'testdir' directory. Peit thuh baka 'testdir' directory ruh ka long kaba thylli.
13:38	Lah ruh ban weng shisien weng ïa shibun ki directory lane ïaki kyrdan jong ki directory. Te, pyrshang ban delete ïaka 'testtree' directory ryngkat ka subdirectory jong ka, ka 'test3' .
13:48	Type ha u command prompt: "rmdir space testtree space testtree slash test3" ñion Enter.
14:02	Peit, ka ai ïaka error message ba ka 'testree' directory ymlah ban weng namar ka 'testtree' kam long thylli.
14:11	Hynrei kawei kaba phi lah ban ym iohi ka long ba lah weng ïaka testtree/test3 namar ka long kaba thylli.
14:19	Ban peit ïa kata, type ha u command prompt "cd space testtree" bad ñion Enter.
14:27	Mynta type "ls" bad ñion Enter. Phi iohi, ka directory kam don eiei. te, lah delete ïaka 'test3'.
14:36	Te, ha kane ka Linux tutorial ngi la pule shaphang ki Linux Files bad ki directory bad kumno ban treikam bad ki Linux Directories. Peit ïaki, ïaid hapdeng jong ki, pynlong ïaki, weng ïaki.
14:49	Kane ka wallam ïa ngi sha kaba kut jong kane ka spoken tutorial. Ka Spoken Tutorials ka dei shi bynta jong ka Talk to a Teacher project, bala kyrshan daka National Mission on Education through ICT.
15:03	Khambun ka jingtip halor kane, kadon haka link harum.
15:08	ïa kane ka script la pynkylla sha ka Ktien Khasi da I Hezekiah Lyngdoh na Shillong. Khublei ba phi la ïasnohlang.

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